Adhesion in Biological Systems

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I. Principles of Adhesion in Biological Systems

1. A Biophysical Consideration of Cell Contact Phenomena

I. Cell Contact

II. Cell Adhesion and Attachment

III. Cell Separation

References

2. Surface Properties Influencing Biological Adhesion

I. Introduction

II. Wettability Considerations

III. The Wetting Properties of Polyamides

IV. Discussion

V. Summary and Prospects

References

Part II. Biological Adhesives

3. Adhesion of Cells to Surfaces

I. Introduction

II. Relationship of Gingival Epithelium to Teeth

III. Cell Adhesion

IV. Measurement of Adhesion by Detachment of Cells

V. Fine Structure of Adhering Surfaces

VI. Questions Still Unanswered

VII. Conclusions

References

4. Attachment of Marine Bacteria to Solid Surfaces

I. Observation of Attached Bacteria

II. Surface Charge of Bacterial Cells

III. Fimbriae or Pili

IV. Capsular and Slime Polysaccharides

V. The Bacterial Cell Wall (Envelope)

VI. Bacteria with Stalks and Holdfasts

VII. Attachment by Deposition of Inorganic "Cements"

VIII. The Adhesiveness of Bacteria in Relation to the Nature of the Substratum

IX. Relationship of Microbial Films to Marine Fouling

References

5. A Review of Some Factors Affecting Settlement and Adhesion in the Cyprids of Some Common Barnacles

I. Introduction

II. General Morphology of the Cyprid

III. Reactions at Settlement

References

6. Histochemistry of Barnacle Cyprid Adhesive Formation

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Methods

III. Results

IV. Discussion

References

7. Histological and Histoenzymological Characteristics of the Cement Apparatus in Barnacles

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Procedures and Observations

III. Discussion

IV. Conclusions

References

8. Composition of Mussel and Barnacle Deposits at the Attachment Interface

I. Collection of Bioadhesive Material

II. Analytical Methods

III. Results of Chemical Analysis

IV. Discussion

References

Part III. Adhesives for Soft Tissue

9. Chemical Mechanisms Suitable for Bonding Tissues

I. Physical or Mechanical Bonds

II. Secondary Chemical Bonds

III. Primary Chemical Bonds

References

10. Compositions Producing Adhesion through Hydration

I. Development of Adhesives Dependent on Hydration

II. Measurements of Adhesion through Hydration

III. Discussion of Wet Adhesive Test Methods

IV. Properties of Hydrocolloids Related to Wet Adhesion

V. Mechanism of Wet Adhesion

References

Applications of Alpha Cyanoacrylates

11. Hemostatic Applications of Alpha Cyanoacrylates: Bonding Mechanism and Physiological Degradation of Bonds

I. Introduction

II. Preparation and Properties of 2-Cyanoacrylates

III. Polymerization Mechanism

IV. Surface Phenomena

V. Strength of the Adhesive Bond

VI. Polymer Degradation

VII. Mechanism of Hemostasis

VIII. Medical Implications

References

12. Butyl Cyanoacrylate as a Surface Adhesive in Human Oral Wounds

I. Periodontal Surgery

II. Extraction Sites

III. Ulcerations

IV. Free Mucosal Grafts

V. Biopsy Sites

VI. Sutured Tissue

VII. Other Surgical Sites

VIII. Filling Material for Carious Teeth

IX. Pulp Capping

X. Summary

References

13. Review of Cyanoacrylate Monomers in Surgery

I. Experimental Spray

II. Clinical Application

III. Summary

References

14. Adhesion to Skin Effects of Surgical Tapes on Skin

I. Introduction

II. Experimental Tape Stripping of the Skin

III. Measurements of Force of Removal

IV. Discussion

References

Part IV. Adhesives for Hard Tissues

15. Bonding to Hard Dental Tissues

I. Potential Uses for Dental Adhesives

II. Factors Affecting the Establishment and Maintenance of Bonding In Vivo

III. Approaches to Bonding to Teeth

IV. Clinical Applications of Adhesives

V. Concluding Comments

References

16. Polyurethanes

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Materials

IV. Experimental Procedures and Results

V. Properties of the Liner

VI. Discussion

References

17. Surface Preparation and Various Adhesive Resins

I. Introduction

II. The Substrate

III. Epoxy Curing Agents

References

Author Index

Subject Index