100 Rare Tumors of the Digestive System
A Case-Based Reference for Surgical Pathologists
- 1st Edition - July 28, 2025
- Editor: Xiaoyan Liao
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 0 6 1 - 6
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 0 6 2 - 3
100 Rare Tumors of the Digestive System: A Case-Based Reference for Surgical Pathologists provides practicing surgical pathologists, gastroenterologists, oncologists, and surgeons… Read more
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100 Rare Tumors of the Digestive System: A Case-Based Reference for Surgical Pathologists provides practicing surgical pathologists, gastroenterologists, oncologists, and surgeons with a comprehensive review on the clinical and pathologic features of rarely encountered neoplasms in the digestive system. The book uses a case-based format to cover typical clinical settings, including clinical history, symptoms, laboratory and radiographic findings, and representative histologic and immunologic pictures. This is the perfect reference for clinicians that would like to know more about updated terminology, histopathologic presentation, potential pathogenesis mechanisms, and treatment strategies for digestive disease entities.
Scientists and researchers can also reference this book to find disease entities of interest, including pathogenesis, immunophenotype, and molecular findings. Multiple choice questioning is provided for readers to decide on the best diagnosis from a list of mimickers.
- Elucidates the clinical and pathologic features of rare tumors of the digestive system for early recognition
- Sharpens diagnostic skills with the use of question-based diagnoses and pathology images
- Utilizes a case-based format, including clinical history, symptoms, laboratory and radiographic findings that is followed by representative histologic and immunologic pictures
Clinicians (gastroenterologists, practicing surgical pathologists, and oncologists that would like to know updated terminology, histopathologic presentation, potential pathogenesis mechanisms and treatment strategies for digestive disease entities, Scientists and researchers seeking disease entities of interest, including pathogenesis, immunophenotype, and molecular findings
Section 1: Rare tumors of the esophagus
1. Case 1. 60 y.o. M presents with dysphagia, odynophagia and 30 pounds weight
2. Case 2. 60 y.o. M presents with a gastroesophageal junction mass
3. Case 3. 72 y.o. F presents with dysphagia and found to have a submucosal esophageal mass
4. Case 4. 70 y.o. M presents with dysphagia
5. Case 5. 40 y.o. M presents with melena
6. Case 6. 21 y.o. M presents with fatigue and progressive dysphagia
7. Case 7. 76 y.o. F presents with dysphagia, anorexia, and weight loss
Section 2: Rare tumors of the stomach
8. Case 1. 59 y.o. F presents with chronic anemia, bloating and early satiety
9. Case 2. 26 y.o. M with longstanding abdominal pain found a pedunculated gastric mass on endoscopy
10. Case 3. 74 y.o. M presents with anemia
11. Case 4. 69 y.o. M presents with hematemesis
12. Case 5. 84 y.o. M presents with a small nodule on the body of stomach
13. Case 6. 51 y.o. F presents with a 2-cm gastric polyp
14. Case 7. 60 y.o. F presents with a distal gastric mass
15. Case 8. 77 y.o. F with a history of stage IA breast carcinoma presents with new gastric mass
16. Case 9. 57 y.o. F presents with nausea and multiple episodes of hematemesis
17. Case 10. 37 y.o. F presents with a 10-cm gastric body mass
18. Case 11. 64 y.o. F presents with dyspepsia and a gastric nodule
19. Case 12. 17 y.o. M presents with a large gastric mass
20. Case 13. 59 y.o. M presents with an asymptomatic slow growing stomach mass
Section 3: Rare tumors of the small intestine (duodenum to ileum)
21. Case 1. 76 y.o. M presents with abdominal discomfort
22. Case 2. 79 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss
23. Case 3. 46 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain
24. Case 4. 60 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain
25. Case 5. 29 y.o. M presents with cough and abdominal cramping
26. Case 6. 66 y.o. F presents with severe abdominal pain and found small bowel perforation
27. Case 7. 78 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain, swelling, and night sweat
28. Case 8. 56 y.o. M presents with abdominal discomfort and found to have innumerable polypoid lesions in terminal ileum and colon
29. Case 9. 78 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and night sweat
30. Case 10. 50 y.o. M presents with a large mass of the small intestine
Section 4: Rare tumors of the appendix
31. Case 1. 83 y.o. M presents with indigestion
32. Case 2. 55 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and loose stool
Section 5: Rare tumors of the large intestine
33. Case 1. 46 y.o. M found numerous polyps through the entire colon in colonoscopy
34. Case 2. 60 y.o. F presents with gastrointestinal polyps involving the stomach and colon
35. Case 3. 52 y.o. M presents with near obstructing ascending colon mass
36. Case 4. 59 y.o. F presented with surveillance colonoscopy found to have a 3.5 cm mass in ascending colon
37. Case 5. 68 y.o. F presents with diarrhea and GI bleeding
38. Case 6. 70 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain and bowel obstruction
39. Case 7. 60 y.o. M with history of ulcerative colitis on Ozanimod
40. Case 8. 63 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and bloody stool
41. Case 9. 58 y.o. F presents with abdominal mass
42. Case 10. 25 y.o. M presents with ascending colon polyp
43. Case 11. 15 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain, weight loss and constipation
44. Case 12. 68 y.o. F presents with 8 cm rectal mass
45. Case 13. 35 y.o F presents with a retroperitoneal cyst
46. Case 14. 71 y.o. F presents with a cecal mass
47. Case 15. 15 y.o. F presents with a cecal mass
48. Case 16. 56 y.o. M presents with fatigue and abdominal discomfort
49. Case 17. 94 y.o. M presents with GI bleeding
50. Case 18. 6 m.o. F presents with bloody stool
51. Case 19. 58 y.o. F presents with congested colonic mucosa during surveillance colonoscopy
52. Case 20. 27 y.o. M presents with lower abdominal pain
53. Case 21. 65 y.o. M with history of inflammatory bowel disease presenting a colon polyp
54. Case 22. 62 y.o. F presents with abdominal distension and diarrhea
55. Case 23. 51 y.o. HIV+ M presents with several colonic lesions
Section 6: Rare tumors of the anus
56. Case 1. 46 y.o. M presents with draining perianal mass
57. Case 2. 70 y.o. F presents with perianal lesion
58. Case 3. 70 y.o. F presents with an anterior rectal lesion
59. Case 4. 42 y.o. M presents with a presacral mass
60. Case 5. 78 y.o. F presents with rectal polyp
61. Case 6. 39 y.o. F presents with anal mass
62. Case 7. 44 y.o. M presents with a 2.0 cm anal mass
63. Case 8. 61 y.o. M presents with a perianal lesion
64. Case 9. 45 y.o. female presents with a perianal mass
Section 7: Rare tumors of the liver
65. Case 1. 61 y.o. M with a history of cirrhosis presents with a liver mass
66. Case 2. 21 y.o. M presents with a 10 cm liver mass
67. Case 3. 56 y.o. M presents with history of HBV and RUQ pain
68. Case 4. 44 y.o. M presents with an incidentally found complex hepatic cyst causing right upper back pain and cough
69. Case 5. 2 y.o. M presents with 7.7 cm mass in left lobe of liver
70. Case 6. 70 y.o. male with presents with multiple hepatic cysts noted to be increasing in size
71. Case 7. 15 y.o. F presents with RLQ pain
72. Case 8. 26 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and large mass in liver
73. Case 9. 5 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and fever
74. Case 10. 55. y.o. M presents with liver lesion
75. Case 11. 66. y.o M presents with end-stage liver disease
76. Case 12. 69 y.o. M presents with a 5 cm liver mass
77. Case 13. 50 y.o. F presents with a liver lesion
78. Case 14. 27 y.o. M presents with multiple liver lesions
79. Case 15. 73 y.o. M with history of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in remission presents with liver and spleen mass
80. Case 16. 31 y.o M presents with acute liver failure
81. Case 17. 52 y.o M presents with abnormal liver function test
Section 8: Rare tumors of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tree
82. Case 1. 40 y.o. F presents with acute cholecystitis
83. Case 2. 64 y.o. F presents with acute cholecystitis
84. Case 3. 60 y.o. F presents with a gall bladder polyp
85. Case 4. 37 y.o. F presents with a common bile duct mass
86. Case 5. 45 y.o. M found to have a large mass in the pancreas
87. Case 6. 78 y.o. M presents with worsening epigastric pain
88. Case 7. 64 y.o. M presents with gallstones
Section 9: Rare tumors of the pancreas
89. Case 1. 62 y.o. F presents with a pancreatic mass
90. Case 2. 70 y.o. M presents with unintentional weight loss and a pancreatic head mass with elevated CA19-9 serum levels
91. Case 3. 35 y.o. F presents with a pancreatic cyst
92. Case 4. 48 y.o. F presents with a cystic pancreatic mass
93. Case 5. 55 y.o. M presents with an incidentally discovered pancreatic cyst
94. Case 6. 32 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain and bloody stools
95. Case 7. 48 y.o. F presents with a 14 cm pancreatic mass
96. Case 8. 77 y.o. M presents with a melena, shortness of breath, weight loss, and fatigue
97. Case 9. 46 y.o. M presents with abdominal and back pain found to have a 3.8 cm pancreatic mass
98. Case 10. 80 y.o. M presents with a pancreatic mass and portal vein thrombus
99. Case 11. 30 y.o. F presents with nausea and abdominal pain and was to have a pancreatic head mass
100. Case 12. 48 y.o. M presents with jaundice and a 5.0 cm pancreatic mass
Section 10: Bonus List
101. Case 1. 60 y.o. F presents with acute appendicitis
102. Case 2. 62 y.o. M presents with a colon mass
103. Case 3. 68 y.o. M presents with acute perianal pain
104. Case 4. 45 y.o. F presents with progression of liver lesions
105. Case 5. 78 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain and a 2.9 cm pancreatic mass
106. Case 6. 65 y.o. F with 2.1 cm pancreatic lesion
107. Case 7. 73 y.o. F presents with vague upper abdominal pain
Back Matter
Diagnosis
Key Words
List of Contributors
Keywords and Differential Diagnosis
1. Case 1. 60 y.o. M presents with dysphagia, odynophagia and 30 pounds weight
2. Case 2. 60 y.o. M presents with a gastroesophageal junction mass
3. Case 3. 72 y.o. F presents with dysphagia and found to have a submucosal esophageal mass
4. Case 4. 70 y.o. M presents with dysphagia
5. Case 5. 40 y.o. M presents with melena
6. Case 6. 21 y.o. M presents with fatigue and progressive dysphagia
7. Case 7. 76 y.o. F presents with dysphagia, anorexia, and weight loss
Section 2: Rare tumors of the stomach
8. Case 1. 59 y.o. F presents with chronic anemia, bloating and early satiety
9. Case 2. 26 y.o. M with longstanding abdominal pain found a pedunculated gastric mass on endoscopy
10. Case 3. 74 y.o. M presents with anemia
11. Case 4. 69 y.o. M presents with hematemesis
12. Case 5. 84 y.o. M presents with a small nodule on the body of stomach
13. Case 6. 51 y.o. F presents with a 2-cm gastric polyp
14. Case 7. 60 y.o. F presents with a distal gastric mass
15. Case 8. 77 y.o. F with a history of stage IA breast carcinoma presents with new gastric mass
16. Case 9. 57 y.o. F presents with nausea and multiple episodes of hematemesis
17. Case 10. 37 y.o. F presents with a 10-cm gastric body mass
18. Case 11. 64 y.o. F presents with dyspepsia and a gastric nodule
19. Case 12. 17 y.o. M presents with a large gastric mass
20. Case 13. 59 y.o. M presents with an asymptomatic slow growing stomach mass
Section 3: Rare tumors of the small intestine (duodenum to ileum)
21. Case 1. 76 y.o. M presents with abdominal discomfort
22. Case 2. 79 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain, jaundice, and weight loss
23. Case 3. 46 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain
24. Case 4. 60 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain
25. Case 5. 29 y.o. M presents with cough and abdominal cramping
26. Case 6. 66 y.o. F presents with severe abdominal pain and found small bowel perforation
27. Case 7. 78 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain, swelling, and night sweat
28. Case 8. 56 y.o. M presents with abdominal discomfort and found to have innumerable polypoid lesions in terminal ileum and colon
29. Case 9. 78 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and night sweat
30. Case 10. 50 y.o. M presents with a large mass of the small intestine
Section 4: Rare tumors of the appendix
31. Case 1. 83 y.o. M presents with indigestion
32. Case 2. 55 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and loose stool
Section 5: Rare tumors of the large intestine
33. Case 1. 46 y.o. M found numerous polyps through the entire colon in colonoscopy
34. Case 2. 60 y.o. F presents with gastrointestinal polyps involving the stomach and colon
35. Case 3. 52 y.o. M presents with near obstructing ascending colon mass
36. Case 4. 59 y.o. F presented with surveillance colonoscopy found to have a 3.5 cm mass in ascending colon
37. Case 5. 68 y.o. F presents with diarrhea and GI bleeding
38. Case 6. 70 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain and bowel obstruction
39. Case 7. 60 y.o. M with history of ulcerative colitis on Ozanimod
40. Case 8. 63 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and bloody stool
41. Case 9. 58 y.o. F presents with abdominal mass
42. Case 10. 25 y.o. M presents with ascending colon polyp
43. Case 11. 15 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain, weight loss and constipation
44. Case 12. 68 y.o. F presents with 8 cm rectal mass
45. Case 13. 35 y.o F presents with a retroperitoneal cyst
46. Case 14. 71 y.o. F presents with a cecal mass
47. Case 15. 15 y.o. F presents with a cecal mass
48. Case 16. 56 y.o. M presents with fatigue and abdominal discomfort
49. Case 17. 94 y.o. M presents with GI bleeding
50. Case 18. 6 m.o. F presents with bloody stool
51. Case 19. 58 y.o. F presents with congested colonic mucosa during surveillance colonoscopy
52. Case 20. 27 y.o. M presents with lower abdominal pain
53. Case 21. 65 y.o. M with history of inflammatory bowel disease presenting a colon polyp
54. Case 22. 62 y.o. F presents with abdominal distension and diarrhea
55. Case 23. 51 y.o. HIV+ M presents with several colonic lesions
Section 6: Rare tumors of the anus
56. Case 1. 46 y.o. M presents with draining perianal mass
57. Case 2. 70 y.o. F presents with perianal lesion
58. Case 3. 70 y.o. F presents with an anterior rectal lesion
59. Case 4. 42 y.o. M presents with a presacral mass
60. Case 5. 78 y.o. F presents with rectal polyp
61. Case 6. 39 y.o. F presents with anal mass
62. Case 7. 44 y.o. M presents with a 2.0 cm anal mass
63. Case 8. 61 y.o. M presents with a perianal lesion
64. Case 9. 45 y.o. female presents with a perianal mass
Section 7: Rare tumors of the liver
65. Case 1. 61 y.o. M with a history of cirrhosis presents with a liver mass
66. Case 2. 21 y.o. M presents with a 10 cm liver mass
67. Case 3. 56 y.o. M presents with history of HBV and RUQ pain
68. Case 4. 44 y.o. M presents with an incidentally found complex hepatic cyst causing right upper back pain and cough
69. Case 5. 2 y.o. M presents with 7.7 cm mass in left lobe of liver
70. Case 6. 70 y.o. male with presents with multiple hepatic cysts noted to be increasing in size
71. Case 7. 15 y.o. F presents with RLQ pain
72. Case 8. 26 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and large mass in liver
73. Case 9. 5 y.o. F presents with abdominal pain and fever
74. Case 10. 55. y.o. M presents with liver lesion
75. Case 11. 66. y.o M presents with end-stage liver disease
76. Case 12. 69 y.o. M presents with a 5 cm liver mass
77. Case 13. 50 y.o. F presents with a liver lesion
78. Case 14. 27 y.o. M presents with multiple liver lesions
79. Case 15. 73 y.o. M with history of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in remission presents with liver and spleen mass
80. Case 16. 31 y.o M presents with acute liver failure
81. Case 17. 52 y.o M presents with abnormal liver function test
Section 8: Rare tumors of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tree
82. Case 1. 40 y.o. F presents with acute cholecystitis
83. Case 2. 64 y.o. F presents with acute cholecystitis
84. Case 3. 60 y.o. F presents with a gall bladder polyp
85. Case 4. 37 y.o. F presents with a common bile duct mass
86. Case 5. 45 y.o. M found to have a large mass in the pancreas
87. Case 6. 78 y.o. M presents with worsening epigastric pain
88. Case 7. 64 y.o. M presents with gallstones
Section 9: Rare tumors of the pancreas
89. Case 1. 62 y.o. F presents with a pancreatic mass
90. Case 2. 70 y.o. M presents with unintentional weight loss and a pancreatic head mass with elevated CA19-9 serum levels
91. Case 3. 35 y.o. F presents with a pancreatic cyst
92. Case 4. 48 y.o. F presents with a cystic pancreatic mass
93. Case 5. 55 y.o. M presents with an incidentally discovered pancreatic cyst
94. Case 6. 32 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain and bloody stools
95. Case 7. 48 y.o. F presents with a 14 cm pancreatic mass
96. Case 8. 77 y.o. M presents with a melena, shortness of breath, weight loss, and fatigue
97. Case 9. 46 y.o. M presents with abdominal and back pain found to have a 3.8 cm pancreatic mass
98. Case 10. 80 y.o. M presents with a pancreatic mass and portal vein thrombus
99. Case 11. 30 y.o. F presents with nausea and abdominal pain and was to have a pancreatic head mass
100. Case 12. 48 y.o. M presents with jaundice and a 5.0 cm pancreatic mass
Section 10: Bonus List
101. Case 1. 60 y.o. F presents with acute appendicitis
102. Case 2. 62 y.o. M presents with a colon mass
103. Case 3. 68 y.o. M presents with acute perianal pain
104. Case 4. 45 y.o. F presents with progression of liver lesions
105. Case 5. 78 y.o. M presents with abdominal pain and a 2.9 cm pancreatic mass
106. Case 6. 65 y.o. F with 2.1 cm pancreatic lesion
107. Case 7. 73 y.o. F presents with vague upper abdominal pain
Back Matter
Diagnosis
Key Words
List of Contributors
Keywords and Differential Diagnosis
- Edition: 1
- Published: July 28, 2025
- Language: English
XL
Xiaoyan Liao
Dr. Liao has a background in medicine, basic sciences, and pathology. As a surgical pathologist, she specializes in gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatobiliary pathology dealing with challenging cases in daily practice, interacting with clinicians for case diagnosis, and writing peer-reviewed case reports published in Pathology journals. Dr. Liao is also a passionate teacher, educator, and consultant, devoted to inspiring residents and fellows in surgical pathology. As a scientist, she focuses her research in the molecular pathogenesis associated with gastrointestinal carcinoma, carcinogenesis in patient population of inflammatory bowel disease, appendiceal mucinous neoplasms, lymphoma, and tumor staging for hepatobiliary carcinomas. She is particularly interested in the genetics and signaling pathways involved in digestive system tumors and the correlation with clinical behavior, which are important not only for understanding cancer biology, but also guiding clinical management, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
Affiliations and expertise
Surgical Pathologist, specializes in gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatobiliary pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USARead 100 Rare Tumors of the Digestive System on ScienceDirect