Verbal Conditioning and Behavior clarifies certain major issues in the area of verbal behavior, with emphasis on the problems that are continuous and those that are discontinuous with animal learning research. This book provides information pertinent to certain areas of complex verbal behavior. Organized into 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of conditioning as an objective tool for the investigation of verbal behavior. This text then explains the relationship between the extent of verbal intervention and the degree of closeness of the conditioning task to a task of concept-learning. Other chapters consider the role of reinforcement in human learning needs. This book discusses as well how meaning is acquired and how it can be transferred once acquired. The final chapter deals with the individual differences in the development of a certain conditioned response. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, college students, teachers, and researcher workers.
The Operas of Leoš Janáček presents the comprehensive analysis of Leoš Janáček's operas. This book presents a concise account of Janáček's extraordinary musical background and development as an operatic composer. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of Janáček's visit to the London Zoo in 1926, which profoundly influenced his very personal compositional style when he recorded the different cries and sounds of animals in musical notation. This text then describes the nature of Janáček's last two operas, which are characterized by emotional stresses, psychological conflicts, and the turbulence of text and music. Other chapters describe pastoral symphony of the opera The Cunning Little Vixen, which is a touching and sincere tribute to the basic unity of all living creatures of nature. This book discusses as well the characteristic explosive musical prose writing of Janáček. This book is a valuable resource for musicians, instrumentalists, and composers.
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev presents the distinct features of Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev's style and manner of composition. A biographical article of Turgenev includes an extensive bibliography of literary or historical memoirs that are listed by classification in order to guide readers. In the Notes section, vocabulary and inflections are provided. Background information is provided to better understand Turgenev in his 19th-century context. This book elucidates Turgenev's subject, the reason for his choosing it, and the contexts of its development in the form of a novel. This text also presents the Russian 19th-century literary works. This book is intended to be suitable for students who are interested in Turgenev's novels.
Economic Workbook and Data presents topics that correspond to the syllabuses for the General Certificate of Education at A level as well as general economic courses at universities. This book aims to introduce students to facts and to encourage them to deliberate in numbers. Organized into two parts, this book begins with questions that can serve as basis for group discussion or as subjects for essays, which are grouped under distinct headings that cover the study of national income, population, consumption, distribution, and production. This text then covers finance and the role of the government in the national economy. Other chapters consider the statistical material for a certain number of countries. The final chapter provides a compilation of tables to match the questions in Part 1 to aid students at a junior level. This book is a valuable resource for students who are in their last years at school and first year at university.
A One-Year Accounting Course, Part I focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in the study of accounting. The book first takes a look at the principles of double-entry book-keeping and elements of mechanized accounting. Discussions focus on punched-card accounting installations, methods of proof, keyboard accounting machine, dual aspect of all trading transactions, cash transactions, nominal ledge, and personal ledger accounts. The text then explores capital and revenue, final accounts, and interpretation of accounts. Topics include balance-sheet ratios, capital position, assets and liabilities, fixed and current assets, valuation of assets, depreciation of fixed assets, inventories of materials, and accruals and prepayments. The publication ponders on historical costing records and costing techniques, including simple process costing, direct or marginal costing, stock control, stores accounting, and minimum store levels. The manuscript is a dependable reference for accountants and researchers interested in accounting.
Mid-Nineteenth-Century Scientists collects together the significant biographies of eight English scientists, namely, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, James Prescott Joule, Hugh Powell, Joseph Lister, and William Henry Perkin. This book covers a wide range of topics in mathematics, biology, physics, and chemistry. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of the Charles Babbage's first idea on calculating tables by machinery to eliminate as far as possible any human actions in the process of calculation. This text then presents a biography of Charles Darwin, with emphasis on his contributions to science through his theory of the evolution of species. Other chapters consider James Joule's determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat by means of a paddle-wheel rotating in water. This book discusses as well Joseph Lister's greatest achievement in improving surgery. The final chapter deals with William Henry Perkin's empirical approach to synthesis that led him to his discovery of mauveine. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, teachers, and students.
Wenner–Gren Center International Symposium Series, Volume 13: The Possibilities of Charting Modern Life presents the proceedings of the symposium on Anthropological Research on the Present, held in Stockholm, Sweden, on March 7–11, 1967. This book discusses the greater dependence of culture on central control and influences from outside. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the possibilities of applying the same methods for the study of the present as have been applied in the ethnology concentrated upon history. This text then clarifies the value of certain functional concepts in the light of the field material from the Tuareg culture. Other chapters consider the concept of applied ethnology, which is not historically oriented. This book discusses as well the gradual shifting of the concept of sex-role from its proper import of expression for the individual's biological statuses. This book is a valuable resource for social anthropologists.
Society, Schools and Progress in Eastern Europe presents a comprehensive survey of a whole culture, showing the interpretation of its government, technology, religion, social relationships, and arts. This book describes the school system, administration, family influences, and background social forces. Organized into two parts encompassing eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of the influence of Soviet educational policies and the communist education in the schools of Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. This text then examines the factor that raises a number of educational problems in rural areas in Eastern Europe. Other chapters consider the significant role of agriculture in many of the Eastern European countries that affects education in other ways too. This book discusses as well the educational implications of industrial development. The final chapter deals with the educational system in Albania. This book is a valuable resource for students of sociology, government and politics, as well as education.
Late Seventeenth Century Scientists provides information on the lives and scientific works of scientists who were active in the latter half of the 17th century. This book discusses the outstanding achievements of physical science in the 17th century. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of the Robert Boyle's greatest contribution to scientific understanding when he pioneered physical methods and insisted that a substance should be regarded as an element until it can be further resolved into simpler substances. This text then examines the scientific works of Marcello Malpighi wherein he concludes in his treatise on the liver that bile is secreted in the gall-bladder itself and not in the liver. Other chapters consider the contributions of various scientists, including Christopher Wren, Christiaan Huygens, and Robert Hooke. The final chapter deals with Isaac Newton's ideas of mass and force. This book is a valuable resource for teachers, students, and researchers.