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Books in General psychology

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391-400 of 433 results in All results

Fears and Phobias

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1969
  • Isaac M. Marks
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 0 7 6 - 1
Fears and Phobias reviews and synthesizes the different viewpoints of learning theory, psychoanalysis, ethology, and clinical psychiatry with regards to fears and phobias. The causes and treatment of phobias are examined, with due regard for relevant biological and psychological issues. Topics covered range from the etiology of fear to clinical syndromes such as agoraphobic syndrome, animal phobias, social phobias, illness phobias, and obsessive phobias. Comprised of four chapters, this book begins with an overview of the historical aspects of phobias and the components of phobias, followed by a discussion on the etiology of fear. Experimental studies on fear that focus on innateness, maturation, and learning are examined, together with genetic aspects of timidity; the kinds of situations that are feared; and the physiology and learning of fear. The next chapter deals with clinical syndromes and the classification of phobic disorders such as the agoraphobic syndrome, specific animal phobias, and social phobias, along with illness phobias, obsessive phobias, autonomic equivalents to phobic disorders, and children's fears and phobias. The final chapter is devoted to prevention and treatment of phobias, including desensitization, and psychiatric management of phobic patients. This monograph will be of interest to psychiatrists and psychologists.

Reinforcement and Behavior

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1969
  • Jack T. Tapp
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 8 8 3 - 5
Reinforcement and Behavior brings together research findings and views of a number of investigators on the principles of learning and reinforcement. Their work has challenged the more traditional interpretations of the nature of the reinforcement process. Within the book, the chapters are organized from a molar level of analysis to a molecular one, not only to reflect the diversity of strategies that are being brought to bear on the problem, but also to show that the research on the nature of reinforcement transcends lines of scientific disciplines and that many different levels of analysis contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon. The first and last chapters give historical perspective to the remainder of the book by reviewing the contributions of a number of individuals who have dealt with the problem in their own work and by pointing out some of the major issues on the molar level that are still unresolved. The remaining chapters can be roughly divided into two categories. One examines the consequences of rewards on behavior in order to specify the limits of their operations and the variables which predispose organisms to be responsive to the consequences of rewards. The other deals with the neural mechanisms which underlie reinforcement and learning.

Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1969
  • Charles D. Spielberger
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 2 4 7 5 - 6
Current Topics in Clinical and Community Psychology, Volume 1 reviews advances in clinical and community psychology. Topics covered include theory and research in areas such as psychological assessment of intelligence, personality, and abnormal behavior; psychotherapy, broadly defined to include counseling and behavior modification; and psychophysiological and neurological determinants of personality and psychopathology. Comprised of five chapters, this volume first illustrates how reinforcement and modeling techniques can enable psychologists to function effectively as mental health consultants and agents of social change in an institution for delinquent children. The second chapter describes a unique program designed to prevent emotional dysfunction in school children by combining effective therapeutic intervention with relevant research and evaluation. The third chapter challenges the relevance of psychological research that does not take into account the relationship between the experimenter and his subjects, and instead demonstrates the impact of experimenter self-disclosure on the responses given to psychological tests and on subjects' behavior in psychology experiments. The fourth chapter proposes a behaviorally oriented model for the assessment of positive mental health and describes a successful application of this model in the assessment of the competence of college freshmen. The final chapter relates research on human psychophysiology to problems of psychological assessment and psychotherapy that are of central concern to clinical psychologists. This book should prove useful to practicing clinical and community psychologists, graduate and undergraduate students of psychology, and members of other mental health professions.

The Language of Emotion

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1969
  • Joel R. Davitz
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 1 7 1 - 3
The Language of Emotion focuses on the inquiry on the language of emotion, as well as the systematic description of the language used to describe emotional states. The manuscript first offers information on the structure of emotional meaning, including cluster analysis of items, patterning of clusters in emotional states, and interrelationships among clusters. The text then takes a look at comments on the structure of emotional meaning. The publication examines studies on the language of emotion. Discussions focus on a comparison of emotional experiences reported by adolescents in Uganda and the United States; similarity of reported emotional experiences and genetic background; individual differences in reported emotional experiences and perceptual-cognitive style; and development of the language of emotion. The book is a vital reference for philosophers, psychiatrists, social workers, and educators interested in emotional phenomena.

The Logic of Explanation in Psychoanalysis

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1969
  • Michael Sherwood
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 6 3 5 9 - 5
The Logic of Explanation in Psychoanalysis is this is the first full-length study of a single case history written by a practicing psychiatrist from the standpoint of the philosophy of science. This book is a contribution to the growing dialogue between philosophers of science and psychiatrists. It ranges in scope from highly technical linguistic issues to problems concerning Freud's early theory of psychosexual development. The study's primary appeal will be, on the one hand, to those philosophers interested in logical problems in the behavioral sciences and, on the other, to those psychiatrists and psychoanalysts who are not content simply to worry about the very real difficulties of psychotherapy, but who also feel obliged to concern themselves with the scientific status of a psychodynamically oriented theory of human behavior. However, the importance and contemporary relevance of such an interdisciplinary approach will be apparent to a far wider audience. Therefore, an attempt has been made to present the material in a manner both appealing and comprehensible to readers who may lack the specialized knowledge required of either the philosopher or the psychiatrist. In so doing it is hoped that an even wider based dialogue can be established.

A Laboratory Introduction to Psychology

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1969
  • John W. P. Ost + 2 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 4 1 9 - 5
A Laboratory Introduction to Psychology was written to acquaint the student with the concepts and methods of laboratory science as they apply to psychology. It is assumed that the laboratory course will follow or accompany a comprehensive course in introductory psychology which emphasizes scientific topics. The experiments have been related to journal articles and to sections of several popular textbooks so that students and instructors will have ready access to introductory material. This manual is limited to standard topics of experimental psychology, but includes some experiments that are relatively new. The topics discussed are grouped into in three main categories: Animal Behavior, Sensory Processes, and Human Behavior. Within each of these sections, the experiments are somewhat connected in shorter series. The Animal Behavior studies include one series consisting of conditioning, extinction, discrimination, and secondary reinforcement, and a second series on schedules of reinforcement and motivation. The experiments on Sensory Processes include some threshold measurements, and also a series of studies on perceived magnitude, adaptation level, and illusions. The experiments on Human Behavior include a series on learning and transfer, on short-term memory, and on two-person interactions.

Research and Experiment in Stuttering

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1968
  • H. R. Beech + 1 more
  • H. J. Eysenck
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 5 4 1 2 - 1
Research and Experiment in Stuttering presents the phenomena and characteristics of stuttering. This book describes the types of stuttering that may appear in many different psychological and physical settings. Organized into seven chapters, this book starts with a discussion of the definition of stuttering, which usually refers to particular forms of interruption to the free flow of speech with sufficient frequency to considerably impede verbal communication. This text then discusses several matters, including sex ratios of stutterers, incidence of stuttering, and prognosis of the disorder. Other chapters explain how the idea of psychological causation for stuttering developed. This book discusses as well the common observation that the stutterer appears to have a usually higher level of anxiety that the nonstutterer. The final chapter deals with the three significant procedures that have been used as methods for the modification of stuttering. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists and psychiatrists.

Deviancy

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1968
  • Jonathan L. Freedman + 1 more
  • Leon Festinger + 1 more
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 2 0 8 - 5
Deviancy: The Psychology of Being Different discusses the effects of deviancy on behavior. The book describes the effect of deviancy per se, in no reference to any particular deviant characteristic. The authors explain the methods they used in this study, as well as some checks made on the study to insure accuracy. Deviants prefer to associate with others of their kind due to fear of rejection, and they tended not to reveal their deviancy. The authors also discuss how deviants and non-deviants react and treat each other, and the degree of aggression that will be shown to a member of either group when some "fault" is assigned. They also note that 1) non-deviants choose deviants for punishment but not for reward and 2) deviants choose others like them for reward but not for punishment. The authors also show that as regards to a change in attitude, deviants are no different from non-deviants in this aspect. They also report other findings such as conformity (deviants conform less compared to non-deviants), attitude change (no effect), and compliance (depends on the circumstances). The text can prove useful for psychologists, counselors, educators, ministers, and social workers.

Biological Psychiatry

  • 1st Edition
  • January 1, 1968
  • J. R. Smythies
  • English
  • eBook
    9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 8 2 5 6 - 5
Biological Psychiatry: A Review of Recent Advances describes the developments in biological psychiatry. This book discusses the theories in the complex field of human disease, particularly psychiatric disease. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of the etiology and genetic basis of schizophrenia. This text then examines the various physiological and biochemical variables in schizophrenics. Other chapters consider the two types of depression, namely, reactive and endogenous. This book discusses as well the criteria of what symptom complexes constitute a particular psychiatric disease. The role of the brain in the control of learning, memory, behavior, and emotion is also reviewed. The final chapter deals with the psychoanalytic theory, which consists of a complex of theories of three various types. This book is a valuable resource for psychiatrists and physicians. Research workers in the various disciplines of neurobiology that encroach upon psychiatry will also find this book useful.