Biofuels and Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Materials: Biofuels, Volume Two is part of a comprehensive three-volume set that explores the various possibilities of adding value to lignocellulosic biomass materials by transforming them into bioproducts, biofuels, and biomaterials. With an emphasis on microbial biotechnological solutions, each volume examines how renewable natural resources, agriculture waste management, and valorization of agro-wastes can sustainably produce energy and fuels, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and biomaterials. This volume addresses all aspects of biofuel production from lignocellulosic materials, covering technological challenges, international policies, marketability, techno-economic analysis & LCA studies, and challenges & future perspectives.The book highlights recent advancements and challenges of lignocellulosic biomass conversion into biofuels within a biorefinery concept, and explains technological approaches and the role of microorganisms and their mechanisms. Recent thermo-chemical and biotechnological approaches are explored, along with their mechanisms of action for the development of biofuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biomethane, biobutanol, producer gas, syngas, hydrogen, dimethylfurane, bio-LPG, and gasoline. Chemical, enzymatic, and advanced microbial biotechnology approaches used in biomass pretreatment are explained, showing readers how to increase biofuel yields from lignocellulosic raw materials. Genetic and metabolic engineering methods that can improve biofuel production are also discussed.
Cellular IoT: From 5G to 5G Advanced provides an insightful explanation of 5G IoT technologies and standards. The book goes through the 5G features that are vital for the support of IoT, describing how the 5G New Radio (NR) access technology has been designed to support industrial IoT, and how it has been adapted to provide cost and energy efficient connectivity, as well as providing high data rates at a low latency to support immerse experience or time-critical communications. It also discusses the future of massive IoT and how 3GPP is about to extend its support for near zero-energy and low complexity devices.These forward-looking features will help evolve 5G and 5G Advanced toward realizing 6G visions such as a connected, sustainable, digitalized, and programmable physical world.
Biofuels and Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Materials: Bioproducts, Volume One is part of a comprehensive three-volume set that explores the various possibilities of adding value to lignocellulosic biomass materials by transforming them into bioproducts, biofuels, and biomaterials. With an emphasis on microbial biotechnological solutions, each volume examines how renewable natural resources, agriculture waste management, and valorization of agro-wastes can sustainably produce energy and fuels, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and biomaterials. This volume addresses all aspects of value-added bioproducts production from lignocellulosic materials.The opening chapter of the book reviews the fundamentals of biotechnology and biochemistry and provides an overview of lignocellulose, its properties, potential use, volume of production and by-products, and economical importance. Following this, chapters provide critical reviews of the latest developments in lignocellulosic biomass conversion into value-added products and provide step-by-step guidance on key processes and methods, including genetic engineering approaches, microbial pathways, thermochemical routes, and pre-treatment technologies. Various technological approaches are explained, including novel, eco-friendly methods for biomass conversion that reduce waste, and the role of microorganisms and their mechanisms are explored in depth.
Integrated Biotechnological Solutions for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater: For a Healthy and Sustainable Environment: Developments in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes presents the latest studies on biotechnological concepts and their role in revolutionizing conventional treatment methods accompanied with eliminating or minimizing negative influence of hazardous contaminants (industrial) on human health and the environment. This book highlights the characteristics, aims, and applications of integrated biotechnology as an ultimate solution for sustainable management of the industrial wastewater, showcasing the importance of multi-disciplinary research, and the need to develop integrated bioengineering systems. Engineers and applied scientists, researchers, environmental biotechnologists, practitioners, and innovators involved in environmental research will find this book to be a welcomed resource.
Intensification of Gasification of Biomass and Waste for Hydrogen Production presents current developments and challenges for non-coal gasification and the state-of-the-art of technologies for green hydrogen production from waste and residues. The book expertly brings together waste biomass gasification with the production of hydrogen and liquid fuels, process integration, intensification, and techno-economics, providing a vital guide to green hydrogen production. Users will find this to be a comprehensive reference on the production of green hydrogen through waste gasification that will be invaluable to graduate students, researchers, and industry engineers.Taking a whole plant unit approach, the book takes the reader through each stage of biomass gasification for the production and refining of hydrogen. The parameters affecting the properties of producer gases are discussed and evaluated, such as types of feedstocks, pre-treatment methods, types of gasifiers, gasifying agents, and operating conditions. Hydrogen purification and gas cleaning are also explained. The latest developments in process intensification and integration are critically reviewed, and the practical challenges and limitations of each method is discussed.
BiOX-based Photocatalysts for Dual Applications: Water Treatment and Energy Storage presents opportunities for finding balance between the progress in semiconductor materials and their seminal applications in cutting-edge areas of water treatment and energy storage, which mitigate environmental impact. This book provides an understanding of BiOX with respect to the relationship between materials’ structure and photoreaction performance, paving the way for a new direction of photocatalysis technology for the future of water treatment. Subsequently, the development of the next generation of BiOX would allow an efficient collection of sunlight to catalyze chemical reactions, promoting solar energy utilization as the cleanest and most sustainable energy source in the long-term. To reflect this novelty, the works presented in this book focuses on BiOX applications not only for water treatment, but also for energy storage and conversion.Written by world-class experts in their respective fields, this book will be an excellent resource for postgraduate students and postdoctoral researchers and academics in chemical engineering, chemistry, physics, and environmental science doing research on advanced oxidation process (AOP); technicians working in research and development on different uses of BiOX-based material for photocatalytic applications; and waste specialists in the waste and energy industries.
Over the past few years, significant research has been conducted into the development of polymeric nanocomposite membranes to increase environmental sustainability and to demonstrate their benefits for commercial water treatment and desalination applications. Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Treatment and Desalination: Recent Developments, Future Opportunities, and Sustainable Applications presents the latest research findings in this important field.The book summarizes current advances in the production, characterization, and applications of these membranes for water treatment and desalination. Bio-composite alterations, functional group additions, and nanomaterial assemblies are also examined in depth. The current breakthroughs in reverse osmosis, oil removal, heavy metals removal, dye removal, photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants, and pesticide removal from wastewater are also discussed. Additionally, the book also highlights bacteria removal by polymeric nanocomposite membranes as well as the major benefits and drawbacks of various adsorbent materials. Special emphasis is also placed on the adsorption mechanism, which includes chemisorption and physisorption.The book will be a valuable reference source for academic and industrial researchers, as well as early career researchers who are working in the research and development of polymer nanocomposite membranes for water treatment and desalination.
Air Pollution and Related Health Risks: Investigating Environmental Health and Sustainability provides discussion on advanced atmospheric phenomena as they relate to health risks and environmental sustainability. Sections cover challenges, the carcinogenic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the atmosphere, and reviews of microplastics and organic aerosol compositions. The book's editors also complete a micro and macro analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 spatio-temporal properties in the Himalayan environment, and aerosol radiative and health impacts are also explored. Other sections cover wet deposition and scavenging of atmospheric pollutants and a risk assessment of living-non-living airborne particles to human health.Post-graduates and early-career researchers in atmospheric sciences, geophysics, environmental science, and meteorology will find much to learn and apply in this valuable resource.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Science and Engineering: Fundamentals, Materials, and Technologies is a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of solid oxide fuel cells. In addition to systematically reviewing the science and technologies of solid oxide fuel cells, the book provides numerical simulations, engineering applications and other important guidance on the commercialization and engineering of solid oxide fuel cells. The opening chapters of the book systematically explain the fundamentals, key emerging materials and technologies of solid oxide fuel cells, including surface chemistry and segregation, and oxygen reduction and fuel (such as hydrogen) oxidation reactions.It then examines the latest developments of cathode and anode materials as well as the robust nanostructured electrodes fabricated by innovative approaches such as exsolution for efficient and durable solid oxide fuel cells. The development of solid oxide fuel cells stacks and systems are also explained within the context of practical application. Finally, the book critically evaluates the development and fundamental issues of reversible solid oxide cells, as a promising technology for energy storage and regeneration. Throughout the book, there is a focus on increasing the theoretical and practical efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells, such as by activity/stability towards high power densities and increasing device lifetimes for commercialization.
Elementary Kinetic Modelling in Catalytic Reaction Engineering is a practical focused text that brings together the relevant basics for reaction engineering and shows their applications to a wide variety of examples, whilst looking at the intrinsic kinetics data acquisition, reaction mechanism elucidation, elementary step-based modelling and model-based design and optimization involved.The book aims at spanning the entire process from acquisition of the relevant data in dedicated experimental set-ups, over the proper treatment of the data and the corresponding interpretation up to the quantification of the gained understanding in a model. The latter aspect allows the reader to challenge the interpretation made of the data and design subsequent experiments or improve the interpretation/model formulation. The coverage is not just limited to the generic (theoretical) principles but will also carefully consider and explain their application to a variety of real-life applications including gas- and liquid-phase reactions, heterogeneously catalyzed reactions involving adsorption either in the Henry regime or at full saturation of the catalyst or combined homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions.Elementary Kinetic Modelling in Catalytic Reaction Engineering is written primarily for graduate students and postdoc researchers in chemical engineering or applied industrial chemistry studying chemical reaction engineering and catalysis, as well as physical chemists studying kinetics.