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Books in Mathematical logic and foundations

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    • The Nuts and Bolts of Proofs

      An Introduction to Mathematical Proofs
      • 5th Edition
      • Antonella Cupillari
      • English
      The Nuts and Bolts of Proofs: An Introduction to Mathematical Proofs, Fifth Edition provides basic logic of mathematical proofs and how they work. The book offers techniques for both reading and writing proofs, discusses techniques in proving if/then statements by contrapositive and proofing by contradiction, includes the negation statement, and/or, examines various theorems, such as the if and only-if, equivalence theorems, existence theorems, and the uniqueness theorems. In addition, the use of counter examples, mathematical induction, composite statements including multiple hypothesis and multiple conclusions, and equality of numbers are also covered. The book also provides mathematical topics for practicing proof techniques. Included here are the Cartesian products, indexed families, functions, and relations. The last chapter of the book provides review exercises on various topics. Undergraduate students in engineering and physical science will find this book accessible as well as invaluable.

    • Calculus for Engineering Students

      Fundamentals, Real Problems, and Computers
      • 1st Edition
      • Jesus Martin Vaquero + 3 more
      • English
      Calculus for Engineering Students: Fundamentals, Real Problems, and Computers insists that mathematics cannot be separated from chemistry, mechanics, electricity, electronics, automation, and other disciplines. It emphasizes interdisciplinary problems as a way to show the importance of calculus in engineering tasks and problems. While concentrating on actual problems instead of theory, the book uses Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) to help students incorporate lessons into their own studies. Assuming a working familiarity with calculus concepts, the book provides a hands-on opportunity for students to increase their calculus and mathematics skills while also learning about engineering applications.

    • Optimization Theory Based on Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Sets

      • 1st Edition
      • Florentin Smarandache + 1 more
      • English
      Optimization Theory Based on Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Sets presents the state-of-the-art research on neutrosophic and plithogenic theories and their applications in various optimization fields. Its table of contents covers new concepts, methods, algorithms, modelling, and applications of green supply chain, inventory control problems, assignment problems, transportation problem, nonlinear problems and new information related to optimization for the topic from the theoretical and applied viewpoints in neutrosophic sets and logic.

    • Topoi

      The Categorial Analysis of Logic
      • 2nd Edition
      • Volume 98
      • R. Goldblatt
      • English
      The first of its kind, this book presents a widely accessible exposition of topos theory, aimed at the philosopher-logician as well as the mathematician. It is suitable for individual study or use in class at the graduate level (it includes 500 exercises). It begins with a fully motivated introduction to category theory itself, moving always from the particular example to the abstract concept. It then introduces the notion of elementary topos, with a wide range of examples and goes on to develop its theory in depth, and to elicit in detail its relationship to Kripke's intuitionistic semantics, models of classical set theory and the conceptual framework of sheaf theory (``localization'' of truth). Of particular interest is a Dedekind-cuts style construction of number systems in topoi, leading to a model of the intuitionistic continuum in which a ``Dedekind-real'' becomes represented as a ``continuously-varia... classical real number''.The second edition contains a new chapter, entitled Logical Geometry, which introduces the reader to the theory of geometric morphisms of Grothendieck topoi, and its model-theoretic rendering by Makkai and Reyes. The aim of this chapter is to explain why Deligne's theorem about the existence of points of coherent topoi is equivalent to the classical Completeness theorem for ``geometric'' first-order formulae.

    • Matrix Logic

      Theory and Applications
      • 1st Edition
      • A. Stern
      • English
      In this pioneering work, the author develops a fundamental formulation of logic in terms of theory of matrices and vector spaces. The discovery of matrix logic represents a landmark in the further formalization of logic. For the first time the power of direct mathematical computation is applied to the whole set of logic operations, allowing the derivation of both the classical and modal logics from the same formal base.The new formalism allows the author to enlarge the alphabet of the truth-values with negative logic antivalues and to link matrix logic descriptions with the Dirac formulation of quantum theory - a result having fundamental implications and repercussions for science as a whole.As a unified language which permits a logical examination of the underlying phenomena of quantum field theory and vice versa, matrix logic opens new avenues for the study of fundamental interactions and gives rise to a revolutionary conclusion that physics as such can be viewed and studied as a logic in the fundamental sense.Finally, modelling itself on exact sciences, matrix logic does not refute the classical logic but instead incorporates it as a special deterministic limit. The book requires multidisciplinary knowledge and will be of interest to physicists, mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers.

    • Higher Order Logic Theorem Proving and its Applications

      Proceedings of the IFIP TC10/WG10.2 International Workshop on Higher Order Logic Theorem Proving and its Applications - HOL '92 Leuven, Belgium, 21-24 September 1992
      • 1st Edition
      • Volume 20
      • L.J.M. Claesen + 1 more
      • English
      The HOL system is a higher order logic theorem proving system implemented at Edinburgh University, Cambridge University and INRIA. Its many applications, from the verification of hardware designs at all levels to the verification of programs and communication protocols are considered in depth in this volume. Other systems based on higher order logic, namely Nuprl and LAMBDA are also discussed. Features given particular consideration are: novel developments in higher order logic and its implementations in HOL; formal design and verification methodologies for hardware and software; public domain availability of the HOL system. Papers addressing these issues have been divided as follows: Mathematical Logic; Induction; General Modelling and Proofs; Formalizing and Modelling of Automata; Program Verification; Hardware Description Language Semantics; Hardware Verification Methodologies; Simulation in Higher Order Logic; Extended Uses of Higher Order Logic. Academic and industrial researchers involved in formal hardware and software design and verification methods should find the publication especially interesting and it is hoped it will also provide a useful reference tool for those working at software institutes and within the electronics industries.

    • Philosophy and Foundations of Mathematics

      L. E. J. Brouwer
      • 1st Edition
      • A. Heyting
      • English
      L.E.J. Brouwer: Collected Works, Volume 1: Philosophy and Foundations of Mathematics focuses on the principles, operations, and approaches promoted by Brouwer in studying the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. The publication first ponders on the construction of mathematics. Topics include arithmetic of integers, negative numbers, measurable continuum, irrational numbers, Cartesian geometry, similarity group, characterization of the linear system of the Cartesian or Euclidean and hyperbolic space, and non-Archimedean uniform groups on the one-dimensional continuum. The book then examines mathematics and experience and mathematics and logic. Topics include denumerably unfinished sets, continuum problem, logic of relations, consistency proofs for formal systems independent of their interpretation, infinite numbers, and problems of space and time. The text is a valuable reference for students, mathematicians, and researchers interested in the contributions of Brouwer in the studies on the philosophy and foundations of mathematics.

    • Essentials of Elementary School Mathematics

      • 1st Edition
      • Max D. Larsen + 1 more
      • English
      Essentials of Elementary School Mathematics is an introductory text on the essentials of mathematics taught in elementary schools. It presents a systematic development of the mathematics of arithmetic. A primary objective is to give students a background sufficient to understand and answer at an appropriate level the various quite penetrating questions asked by young students. Some examples and exercises are concerned primarily with pedagogical aspects of arithmetic. Comprised of 14 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the language of mathematics, focusing on concepts such as the conjunction (and); negation (not); disjunction (or); and conditional (if...then...). The discussion then turns to the theory of sets; the concept of binary operations; and recognition and identification of properties of various relations. The next section deals with the number systems of arithmetic: whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. Number theory and clock arithmetic are also examined, along with counting techniques and probability. The final section is devoted to motion geometry and analytic geometry. This monograph should be of interest to students and teachers of mathematicians at the elementary level.

    • The Mathematical Foundations of the Finite Element Method with Applications to Partial Differential Equations

      • 1st Edition
      • A. K. Aziz
      • English
      The Mathematical Foundations of the Finite Element Method with Applications to Partial Differential Equations is a collection of papers presented at the 1972 Symposium by the same title, held at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County Campus. This symposium relates considerable numerical analysis involved in research in both theoretical and practical aspects of the finite element method. This text is organized into three parts encompassing 34 chapters. Part I focuses on the mathematical foundations of the finite element method, including papers on theory of approximation, variational principles, the problems of perturbations, and the eigenvalue problem. Part II covers a large number of important results of both a theoretical and a practical nature. This part discusses the piecewise analytic interpolation and approximation of triangulated polygons; the Patch test for convergence of finite elements; solutions for Dirichlet problems; variational crimes in the field; and superconvergence result for the approximate solution of the heat equation by a collocation method. Part III explores the many practical aspects of finite element method. This book will be of great value to mathematicians, engineers, and physicists.

    • The Lambda Calculus

      Its Syntax and Semantics
      • 2nd Edition
      • Volume 103
      • H.P. Barendregt
      • English
      The revised edition contains a new chapter which provides an elegant description of the semantics. The various classes of lambda calculus models are described in a uniform manner. Some didactical improvements have been made to this edition. An example of a simple model is given and then the general theory (of categorical models) is developed. Indications are given of those parts of the book which can be used to form a coherent course.