Physiology of the Eye

Preface to the Second Edition Acknowledgments1 Review of Ocular Anatomy Gross Anatomy Internal Anatomy Sciera and Cornea Corneoscleral Junction Uvea Retina Crystalline Lens Vitreous Body Chambers of the Eye Blood Vessels in the Eye Nonvisual Nerves of the Eyeball Eyelids and Conjunctiva2 The Aqueous Humor Source Chemistry Rate of Production Outflow Path 3 The Intraocular Pressure Methods of Measurement Schiotz Tonometry Applanation Tonometry Errors in Tonometry MacKay-Marg Tonometer, Durham-Langham Pneumatonometers, and Noncontact Tonometers Normal Intraocular Pressure Factors Affecting Intraocular Pressure Estimating Changes in Intraocular Pressure Facility of Outflow and Tonography Other Factors Influencing Intraocular Pressure 4 The Vitreous Body Anatomy Chemical Properties Physical Properties Osmosis Flow Conductivity 5 The Lens Structure Accommodation and Elasticity Transparency Metabolism and Nutrition Cataract 6 The Cornea I: Form, Swelling Pressure, Transport Processes and Optics Structure Swelling Pressure The Thickness—Hydration Relationship In Vivo Measurement of Swelling—Imbibition Pressure Transparent Process Theory of Diffusion Theory of Bulk Flow Stromal Diffusion Bulk Flow in the Stromal The Limiting Layers Diffusion Bulk Flow Corneal Bulk Water Flow Physical Optics Transmission and Absorption Scattering Refractive Index Birefringence 7 Cornea II: Metabolism, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Contact Lens Wear Glucose Amino Acids Oxygen Corneal Oxygen Requirements The Critical Oxygen Tension Oxygen Flux and Distribution of Oxygen The Open Eye The Closed Eye The Cornea in an Oxygen-Free Environment The Tight Oxygen Impermeable Contact Lens The Case of the Tight Gas-Permeable Contact Lens Oxygen Tension at the Corneal Surface The Case of the Gas-Impermeable Contact Lens with Tear Pumping The Case of the Oxygen-Permeable Contact Lens with Tear Pumping Multilayered Cornea Carbon Dioxide Corneal Thickness Control 8 The Sciera Swelling Pressure, Diffusion, and Bulk Flow Tissue Mechanics of Sciera (and Cornea) 9 Retina Structure Metabolism Photochemistry Flow Conductivity and Retinal Adhesion Density Measurement Flow Conductivity Measurement 10 The Tears and the Lids The Tears Function Film Structure Sources Composition Stability Production Rate Evaporation and Temperature The Lids Lid Activity References Index