Handbook of Dialysis Therapy
- 6th Edition - May 15, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Editors: Allen R. Nissenson, Richard N. Fine, Rajnish Mehrotra, Joshua Zaritsky
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 7 9 1 3 5 - 9
Edited and written by top experts and pioneers in dialysis, Handbook of Dialysis Therapy, 6th Edition, provides the entire dialysis team with a comprehensive overview of this grow… Read more
Purchase options
Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect
Request a sales quoteEdited and written by top experts and pioneers in dialysis, Handbook of Dialysis Therapy, 6th Edition, provides the entire dialysis team with a comprehensive overview of this growing field. It covers traditional and advanced procedures, what pitfalls to expect and how to overcome them, and how best to treat various patient populations—all with a practical approach that can be directly applied to patient care. This must-have resource has been updated with the latest cutting-edge technology, dialysis techniques, and complications related to various diseases for both pediatric and adult patients.
-
Explains complex dialysis concepts through abundant diagrams, photos, line drawings, and tables, while its readable, hands-on approach allows for quick review of key information.
-
Covers both adult and pediatric patients in detail, and offers guidance on special populations such as the geriatric patients and the chronically ill.
-
Features increased content on home-based dialysis modalities, new alternatives for establishing vascular access for hemodialysis, new protocols for reducing the risk of infection and complications, and advancements in establishing and managing peritoneal dialysis.
-
Includes extensive pediatric content such as prevention and treatment of bone disease, management of anemia, assessing quality of life in pediatric patients undergoing dialysis, and immunizations in children undergoing dialysis.
-
Defines the quality imperatives, roles, and responsibilities of dialysis facility medical directors and attending nephrologists.
-
Updates nephrologists on the latest alternative dialysis modalities.
-
Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Nephrologists, Fellows
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Contributors
- Preface
- Part I: Dialysis Therapy for Adults
- Section 1: Overview of ESKD
- 1: Demographics of the End-Stage Renal Disease Patient
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Incidence and Prevalence of ESKD
- Dialysis Initiation: Predialysis Care and Modality Selection
- Comorbidity, Expected Survival, and Causes of Death
- Summary
- 2: Uremic Toxicity
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Small Water-Soluble Compounds
- Protein-Bound Compounds
- Middle Molecules
- Discussion
- Recommended Reading
- 3: Initiation of Dialysis Therapy
- Abstract
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
- Indications for Initiation of Dialysis in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Initiation of Dialysis
- Trends in Timing of Initiation of Dialysis
- Preparation for Renal Replacement Therapy
- Dialysis Modality Selection
- Conclusions
- Recommended Reading
- Section 2: Hemodialysis
- 4: Urea Kinetic Modeling for Guiding Hemodialysis Therapy in Adults
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Why Model Urea?
- The Kinetics of Urea
- Modeling Parameters
- The Process of Urea Kinetic Modeling
- Studies Assessing Dialysis Adequacy
- Estimation or Simplified Equations
- Hemodialysis Adequacy for Alternative Dialysis Schedules
- Recognizing Errors
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 5: The Dialysis Prescription
- Abstract
- Philosophy of Dialysis Adequacy
- Kt/V
- Urea Reduction Ratio
- Thresholds for spKt/V and URR
- Equilibrated Kt/V
- Standardized Kt/V
- Middle Molecule Clearance
- Fluid Removal
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 6: Selecting a Dialyzer: Technical and Clinical Considerations
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Hollow Fiber Dialyzers: Fundamental Considerations
- Hollow Fiber Membrane Characteristics
- Diffusive Solute Transport During Hemodialysis
- Removal of Large Molecular Weight Uremic Toxins
- New Approaches for Classifying Dialysis Membranes and Dialyzers
- Enhanced Large Uremic Toxin Removal: Clinical Considerations
- Putting It All Together: Key Considerations
- References
- 7: Water Treatment Equipment for In-Center Hemodialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Water Contaminants
- Equipment Used for Water Purification
- Recommended Readings
- 8: Dialysate Composition
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Dialysate Sodium
- Dialysate Potassium
- Dialysate Buffer
- Dialysate Calcium
- Dialysate Magnesium
- Dialysate Phosphate
- Recommended Reading
- 9: Safety Monitors in Hemodialysis
- Abstract
- Definitions and Overview
- Fluid Delivery System
- Dialysate Circuit
- The Blood Circuit
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 10: Methods of Hemodialysis Anticoagulation
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Assessing Bleeding Risk
- Systemic Anticoagulation
- Regional Anticoagulation
- Anticoagulant-Free Dialysis
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- Recommended Reading
- 11: Common Clinical Problems in Hemodialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Investigating an Adverse Event on Hemodialysis
- Acute Reactions During Hemodialysis
- Neurologic and Muscular Complications
- Cardiovascular Complications
- Acute Vascular Access Complications
- Hematologic Complications
- Pulmonary Complications
- Technical Issues
- References
- 12: Hemofiltration and Hemodiafiltration
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Preparation of Ultrapure Replacement Fluid: Technical Issues
- Modes of Hemodiafiltration
- Clinical Advantages of On-Line-Hemodiafiltration
- Effect on Survival
- Principles of the Hemodiafiltration Prescription
- Safety of Hemodiafiltration
- Summary—High-Volume On-Line Hemodiafiltration in Clinical Practice
- Recommended Reading
- 13: Wearable and Implantable Renal Replacement Therapy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Limits of Conventional Hemodialysis
- Solute Removal
- Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins
- Salt and Water Removal
- Wearable Systems
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Hemodialysis
- Fully Implantable Systems
- Recellularization Approaches
- Implantable Renal Assist Device
- Implantable Filters
- Bioreactor
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 14: Home Preparation and Installation for Home Hemodialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Basis for Home Hemodialysis
- Requirements
- Conclusion
- References
- Recommended Reading
- 15: Vascular Access
- Abstract
- Introduction
- History of Vascular Access
- Multidisciplinary Approach to Vascular Access
- Access Site Locations
- Overall Clinical Considerations
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Vascular Access Type
- On Dialysis Rounds
- References
- 16: Cannulation of Arteriovenous Vascular Access: Science and Art
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Access Monitoring
- General Process of Care Related to Cannulation
- Cannulation-Induced Needle Fear or Phobia
- Cannulation Technique Customization
- Cannulation Methods
- General Cannulation Policy and Procedure Steps
- General Buttonhole Cannulation Policy and Procedure Steps
- Self-cannulation
- Cannulation Process of Care Utilizing POCUS and Cannulation Stations
- Conclusion
- Suggested Reading
- 17: Central Venous Access for Hemodialysis
- Abstract
- The Role of Central Venous Access
- Types of Catheters
- Central Venous Catheter Placement
- Central Venous Catheter Complications
- Catheter Dysfunction
- Suggested Reading
- 18: Noninfectious Complications From Vascular Access
- Abstract
- Perioperative Complications
- Local Complications
- Systemic Complications
- Suggested Reading
- 19: Infectious Complications From Vascular Access
- Abstract
- Overview of Vascular Access Infections
- Hemodialysis Catheter-Related Infections
- Prevention of Catheter-Related Infections
- Arteriovenous Fistula-Related Infections
- Arteriovenous Graft-Related Infections
- Prevention and Management of Arteriovenous Fistula and Arteriovenous Graft Infections
- Recommended Reading
- Section 3: Peritoneal Dialysis
- 20: Determination of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Prescriptions
- Abstract
- Dialysis Adequacy for Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis
- The Importance of Residual Kidney Function
- Designing the Initial Prescription for Peritoneal Dialysis
- References
- 21: Peritoneal Dialysis Cyclers and Other Mechanical Devices
- Abstract
- Mechanical Aspects and Hydraulics
- Gravity-Based Cyclers
- Pump-Based Cyclers
- Connectology
- Information Technology and Connectivity
- User Interface and Ease of Use
- Current and Future Developments
- Conclusions
- Recommended Reading
- 22: Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Electrolytes
- Buffers
- Osmotic Agents
- Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions
- Future Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions
- Conclusions
- References
- 23: Solute Management With Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Determinants of Solute Clearance
- Measuring Solute Clearance
- Evaluating Increases in Serum Urea Concentration
- Modifying the Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription to Increase Solute Clearance
- Suggested Reading
- 24: Volume Management With Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Fluid Status Exam
- Nondialytic Management of Sodium and Water Handling
- Determination of Peritoneal Sodium and Water Removal
- Optimizing Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription for Sodium and Water Removal
- Emerging and Novel Dialytic Strategies to Enhance Peritoneal Sodium and Water Removal
- Acute Volume Overload Management
- Fluid Removal in the Anuric Patient
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 25: Peritoneal Access Devices, Placement Techniques, and Maintenance
- Abstract
- Acute Catheters
- Chronic Catheters
- Choosing a Peritoneal Catheter for Long-Term Use
- Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement Procedures
- Care of the Long-Term Peritoneal Catheter
- Complications of Peritoneal Catheters for Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis
- Removal of Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters
- Secondary Embedding of Long-Term Catheters
- Recommended Reading
- 26: Peritoneal Catheter Exit Site and Tunnel Infections
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Frequency
- Causative Organisms
- Risk Factors
- Treatment and Outcomes
- Prevention
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 27: Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Reporting of Peritonitis Rate
- Risk Factors
- Pathogenesis and Causative Organisms
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Prevention of Peritonitis
- Recommended Reading
- 28: Abdominal Hernias With Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Incidence and Prevalence
- Types of Abdominal Wall Hernias
- Risk Factors
- Complications
- Diagnosis and Management
- Continuation of Peritoneal Dialysis after Hernioplasty
- Prophylactic Measures
- References
- Bibliography
- 29: Dialysate Leaks with Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pericatheter Leaks
- Abdominal Wall Leaks
- Genital Edema
- Retroperitoneal Leaks
- Summary
- Suggested Reading
- 30: Hydrothorax and Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology
- Symptoms and Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Recommended Reading
- 31: Abdominal Catastrophes, Peritoneal Eosinophilia, and Other Unusual Events in Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Abdominal Catastrophe
- Pneumoperitoneum
- Iatrogenic Complications of Gastrointestinal or Gynecologic Procedures
- Pancreatitis
- Peritoneal Eosinophilia
- Hemoperitoneum
- Chyloperitoneum
- Recommended Reading
- 32: Metabolic Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Weight Gain
- Metabolic Syndrome
- New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Nondiabetic Patients
- Hyperglycemia in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
- Lipid Abnormalities
- Hypokalemia
- Recommended Reading
- Section 4: Management of Uremic Complications
- 33: Acid–Base Homeostasis in Dialysis
- Abstract
- Determinants of Blood [HCO3_] in Dialysis Patients
- Recommended Reading
- 34: Nutritional Management of Hemodialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Screening and Assessment of Nutritional Status in Maintenance Hemodialysis
- Epidemiology of Protein-Energy Wasting in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
- Etiology and Prevention of Protein-Energy Wasting in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
- Treatment of Protein-Energy Wasting in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
- Summary and Recommendations
- Recommended Reading
- 35: Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition and Intraperitoneal Nutrition
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition
- Limitations of Clinical Trials of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
- Indications for Initiation of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition
- Composition of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition
- Infusion and Monitoring of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition
- Home Therapies
- Monitoring of Intraperitoneal Nutrition Therapy
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Intraperitoneal Nutrition
- Summary
- Suggested Reading
- 36: Nutritional Management in Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Protein-Energy Wasting
- Diagnosis and Assessment of Protein-Energy Wasting in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes
- Risk Factors for Protein-Energy Wasting in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
- Management of Protein-Energy Wasting in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 37: Anemia and Its Treatment in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Causes of Anemia
- Evaluation and Treatment of Anemia in Patients on Dialysis
- Role of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Management of Anemia of End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors
- Recommended Reading
- 38: Resistance to Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent (ESA) Treatment
- Abstract
- Definition of Hyporesponsiveness/Resistance to Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents
- Epidemiology of Hyporesponsiveness to Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents
- Clinical Use of Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents in Hyporesponsive Patients
- Hyporesponsiveness and Outcomes
- Causes of Hyporesponsiveness and Their Management
- Potential Therapeutic Approaches
- Conclusions
- Recommended Reading
- 39: Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral Bone Disorder
- Disordered Mineral Metabolism and Mortality
- Bone Disease
- Vascular Calcification
- Bone-Vascular Axis
- Treatment
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 40: Phosphate Management in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Phosphate Physiology
- Phosphate-Lowering Therapy
- Dietary Phosphate Restriction
- Dialytic Control of Hyperphosphatemia
- Phosphate-Lowering Medication
- Phosphate Transport Inhibitors
- Other Considerations
- Recommendations
- Recommended Reading
- 41: Use of Vitamin D Sterols and Calcimimetics in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
- Abstract
- Vitamin D sterols
- Calcimimetics
- Recommended Reading
- 42: Parathyroidectomy
- Abstract
- The Development of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
- Refractory Hyperparathyroidism
- Indications for Parathyroidectomy
- Surgical Management of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
- Parathyroidectomy, Mineral Disease, and Mortality
- Complications of Parathyroidectomy
- A Final Remark
- References
- 43: Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease
- Abstract
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Course and Complications
- Diagnosis and Screening
- Treatment
- Suggested Reading
- Section 5: Management of Co-Existing Illnesses and Special Populations
- 44: The Challenges of Blood Pressure Control in Hemodialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pathophysiology of Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients
- Blood Pressure Targets in Hemodialysis Patients
- Typical Hemodynamic Response to a Hemodialysis Treatment
- Intradialytic Hypotension
- Intradialytic Hypertension
- Blood Pressure Variability
- Treatment Recommendation
- Conclusion
- Suggested Reading
- 45: Arrhythmias in Hemodialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Etiology and Prognosis
- Management
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 46: Management of Ischemic Heart Disease, Heart Failure, and Pericarditis in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Ischemic Heart Disease
- Heart Failure
- Uremic Pericarditis
- Recommended Reading
- 47: Avoidance and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Management of Cardiovascular Disease
- Presentation and Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease
- Prevention and Treatment Strategies
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Diagnostics
- Treatment
- Other Critical Organ Systems Requiring Protection
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 48: Management of Dyslipidemia in Long-Term Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Diet and Exercise
- Lipid-Lowering Drugs
- Other Lipid-Lowering Strategies
- Recommended Reading
- 49: End-Stage Kidney Failure in the Diabetic Patient
- Abstract
- Introduction: The Diabetic End-Stage Kidney Disease Population
- Predialysis Care/Dialysis Initiation
- Dysglycemia
- Prediabetes
- Assessing Glycemic Control in End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Achieving Glycemic Control in End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis/Hyperosmolar Coma
- Hypoglycemia
- Medications for Glycemic Control
- Hemodialysis Access
- Nutrition/Protein Energy Wasting
- Hypertension
- Dialysis-Associated Hypotension
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Infection
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/Foot Ulcers
- Neuropathy
- Ophthalmologic Complications
- Home Hemodialysis
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Kidney Transplantation
- Comprehensive Conservative Care
- Outcomes
- Quality of Life
- Recommended Reading
- 50: Care of Elderly Dialysis and End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Functional Changes, Social Functioning, and Quality of Life
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
- Depression
- Polypharmacy and Safe Prescribing
- Instability and Falls
- Nondialytic Management and Comprehensive Conservative Kidney Care
- Palliative Dialysis and Dialysis Discontinuation
- Goal Setting and Advance Care Planning
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 51: Liver Disease and Gastrointestinal Disorders in Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Nephrogenic Ascites and Other Gastrointestinal Disorders in the Dialysis Population
- Conclusions
- 52: Abnormalities of Thyroid Function in Chronic Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of Thyroid Dysfunction in Kidney Disease
- Factors Contributing to Thyroid Dysfunction in Kidney Disease
- Thyroid Function Test Alterations in Dialysis Patients
- Thyroid Functional Disease and Outcomes in Dialysis Patients
- Treatment Considerations
- Suggested Reading
- 53: Care of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected End-Stage Kidney Disease Patient
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Improved Survival of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected End-Stage Kidney Disease Patient
- Hemodialysis and Vascular Access
- Infection Control in Hemodialysis
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Transplantation
- General Dialysis Care
- Nutrition and Diet
- Hepatitis B and C Coinfection
- Antiretroviral Therapy
- Opportunistic Infection Prophylaxis and Immunizations
- References
- Recommended Reading
- 54: COVID-19 and Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Outpatient Dialysis Facilities
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Inpatient Dialysis Facilities
- Suggested Reading
- 55: Psychosocial Issues in Patients Treated With Dialysis
- Abstract
- Psychopathology
- Psychosocial Issues
- Adherence
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 56: Evaluation and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Sexual Dysfunction in Uremic Men
- Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction in Uremic Men
- Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in Uremic Men
- Sexual Dysfunction in Uremic Women
- Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction in Uremic Women
- Recommended Reading
- 57: Pregnancy in Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction: A Historic Perspective
- Evidence-Based Medicine and Pregnancy on Dialysis: Methodological Insights
- Epidemiologic Aspects of Pregnancy on Dialysis
- When to Start Dialysis in Pregnancy
- Dialysis Management in Pregnancy
- Specific Support Therapies in Dialysis in Pregnancy
- Nutritional Management in Dialysis in Pregnancy
- Monitoring Policies
- Conclusions: Counseling Issues
- Recommended Reading
- 58: Principles of Drug Usage in Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Pharmacologic Principles and Alterations in Uremia
- Suggested Reading
- 59: Medication Management
- Abstract
- Medication-Related Problems in Dialysis Patients
- Identifying and Resolving Medication-Related Problems in Dialysis Patients
- Medication Reconciliation
- Medication Review
- Economic Impact
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 60: Physical Activity, Function, and Exercise-Based Rehabilitation for People on Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Physical Activity and Function
- Exercise Rehabilitation
- Physical Function Assessment for People with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Intradialytic Cycling—A Pragmatic Approach to Encourage Uptake of Exercise and Physical Activity Promotion
- Potential Barriers and Solutions to the Provision of Intradialytic Exercise Programs
- References
- 61: Physical, Psychosocial, and Vocational Rehabilitation of Patients Undergoing Long-Term Dialysis
- Background
- Redefining Rehabilitation
- Prerequisites to Effective Rehabilitation
- Implementing Rehabilitation
- Evaluation of Outcomes
- Conclusions
- Recommended Reading
- 62: Preventive Care in End-Stage Renal Disease
- Abstract
- Immunizations
- Infection Prevention
- Screening
- Health Care Counseling
- Advance Care Planning and Palliative or Supportive Care
- Monitoring: Lipids, Glucose, Anemia, and Bone and Mineral Disorders
- Recommended Reading
- Section 6: Systems Management for the Care of Dialysis Patients
- 63: Ethical Considerations in the Care of Dialysis Patients: The New Paradigm
- Abstract
- Who Should and Should Not Receive Dialysis?
- On What Basis Should Decisions About Kidney Replacement Therapy and Modality Be Made?
- When Should a Time-Limited Trial of Dialysis Be Used?
- When Should Palliative Care Consultation Be Considered?
- When Should Palliative Dialysis Be Offered?
- When Should Stopping Dialysis Be Considered?
- How Should a Nephrologist Respond to a Patient's Request to Stop Dialysis?
- How Should a Patient Who Stops Dialysis Be Treated?
- When Should a Dialysis Patient Be Referred to Hospice?
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 64: Improving Outcomes for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients: Shifting the Quality Paradigm
- Abstract
- Recommended Reading
- 65: Quality, Safety, Accountability, and Medical Director Responsibilities
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Quality
- Patient Safety
- Accountability
- Medical Director Responsibilities
- Recommended Reading
- 66: Application of Telemedicine to Kidney Failure Patients
- Abstract
- Telemedicine in Kidney Failure: Overview of the Opportunity and Issues
- Telemedicine/Virtual Intensive Care Unit: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?
- The Health Care System in the United States Presents Particular Challenges
- A Framework for Implementation of a Telehealth Program
- Use Cases
- Telehealth Technology Requirements
- Nontechnology Telehealth Requirements
- Examples of Telehealth in Use Today
- Conclusions
- References
- Section 7: Acute Kidney Injury and Poisonings
- 67: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies for Acute Kidney Injury
- Abstract
- Basic Principles and Operational Characteristics
- Technical Issues
- Treatment Dosing
- Factors That Impact Dialysis Dose
- Fluid Management
- Applications
- Traditional and Special Indications for Treatment
- Monitoring and Complications
- Outcomes
- Cost
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 68: Anticoagulation for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
- Abstract
- Selecting Anticoagulation Approaches for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
- Specific Agents and Anticoagulation Techniques (Table 68.2)
- Anticoagulation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Patients Requiring CRRT
- Conclusions
- Recommended Reading
- 69: Treatment of Poisoning with Extracorporeal Methods
- Abstract
- General Overview of the Treatment of the Poisoned Patient
- Characteristics of a Potentially Dialyzable Toxin
- Choice of Extracorporeal Treatment
- Technical Considerations
- General Principles Regarding the Use of Extracorporeal Treatment in the Management of Poisoning
- Specific Indications for Poisons That Are Currently Considered Dialyzable
- Recommending Reading
- Part II: Dialysis Therapy for Children
- 70: Vascular Access and Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Children
- Abstract
- Dialysis Access in the Pediatric ESRD Patient
- Recommended Readings
- 71: Infant Hemodialysis
- Abstract
- Vascular Access
- Equipment/Preparation
- Dialysis Prescription for the Infant: Special Considerations
- Anticoagulation
- Frequency
- Ultrafiltration and Clearance
- Modality
- Chronic Hemodialysis
- Recommended Reading
- 72: Urea Kinetic Modeling for Hemodialysis Prescription in Children
- Abstract
- Chronic Hemodialysis in Children
- Dialysis Prescription in Children
- Principles of Urea Kinetic Modeling in Children
- Data Collection
- Common Errors in Calculations
- Application of Urea Kinetic Modeling
- National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Pediatric Recommendations for Dialysis Adequacy
- References
- 73: Alternate Hemodialysis Prescriptions in Children
- Abstract
- What Is the Optimal Dialysis Dose?
- Adult Quotidian Hemodialysis Experience
- Pediatric Quotidian Hemodialysis Experience
- Infrastructure
- Dialysis Equipment
- Patient Selection
- Prescriptions
- Dialysis Adequacy
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 74: Anticoagulation in Children Undergoing Hemodialysis, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, or Apheresis Therapy
- Abstract
- Introduction
- General Considerations
- Unfractionated Heparin
- Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
- Systemic Anticoagulants as Alternatives to Heparins
- Regional Anticoagulation with Citrate
- Other Regional Anticoagulants
- Oral Anticoagulants
- Central Venous Line Locks and Treatment of Clotted Catheters
- Recommended Reading
- 75: Prescribing Peritoneal Dialysis in Children
- Abstract
- Initiation of Dialysis in Children
- Factors to Consider in Modality Choice in Children
- Prescription Components
- Prevalence of Peritoneal Dialysis Use in Children
- Recommended Reading
- 76: Nutritional Management of Children Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis
- Abstract
- Assessment of Growth and Nutritional Status
- Dietary Intake
- Dietary Prescription
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 77: Peritoneal Dialysis in Neonates and Infants
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Peritoneal Dialysis as a Renal Replacement Modality for Acute Kidney Injury
- Peritoneal Dialysis Access in Acute Kidney Injury
- Prescription Considerations for Acute Kidney Injury
- The Chronic Setting: End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Conclusion
- Recommended Reading
- 78: Dialysis for Inborn Errors of Metabolism
- Abstract
- Techniques of Metabolite Removal
- Extracorporeal Blood Purification
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Recommended Reading
- 79: Neurocognitive Function in Pediatric Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Effects on Childhood Neurocognitive Development
- Neurocognitive Issues in Children on Dialysis
- Conclusions
- References
- 80: Growth in Children With End-Stage Kidney Disease
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Growth Patterns
- Assessment of Growth
- Growth Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Underlying Renal Disease
- Protein–Energy Malnutrition
- Metabolic Acidosis
- CKD–Mineral Bone Disorder
- Anemia
- Endocrine Dysfunction
- Treatment
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 81: Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis/Assessing Peritoneal Function in Pediatric Patients
- Abstract
- Dialysis Adequacy in Terms of Small Solute Clearance (Kt/Vurea)
- Prescription of Peritoneal Dialysis
- Measurement of Peritoneal Dialysis Dose
- Adequacy Recommendations
- Timing and Frequency of Solute Clearance and Ultrafiltration Measurement
- Adjusting the Dialysis Prescription by Computer Modeling
- Summary
- Recommended Reading
- 82: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Pediatric Patients
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Indications and Options
- Prescription
- Hemofilter Membranes
- Nutrition
- Outcome Data
- Special Applications of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
- Conclusion
- References
- Further Reading
- 83: Prevention and Treatment of Bone Disease in Pediatric Dialysis Patients
- Abstract
- Clinical Features of Renal Osteodystrophy
- Pathology of Renal Osteodystrophy: Abnormalities in Bone Turnover, Mineralization, and Volume
- Circulating Factors Contributing to Renal Osteodystrophy
- Pathogenesis of Skeletal Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease
- Prediction of Skeletal Health
- Treatment of CKD-MBD
- Summary
- References
- 84: Management of Anemia in Children Undergoing Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Definition of Anemia
- Prevalence of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
- The Effects of Anemia
- Testing for Anemia
- Testing for Iron Deficiency
- Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency
- Erythrocyte-Stimulating Agents
- Lack of Response to Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent
- Risk of Adverse Outcomes
- Iron Therapy
- Recommended Reading
- 85: Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Complications in Children Undergoing Dialysis
- Abstract
- Cardiovascular Mortality in Children on Maintenance Dialysis
- Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Evaluation and Treatment Recommendations
- Recommended Reading
- 86: Infectious Complications in Children Undergoing Dialysis
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Hemodialysis
- Future Steps
- Recommended Reading
- 87: Caring for the Teenager in an Adult Unit
- Abstract
- Overview of Transition/Transfer to Adult Care
- Transitional Procedures for Pediatric Dialysis Patients
- Patient Perspectives on Transfer
- Evidence-Based Strategies for Optimizing Transfer
- Posttransfer Considerations
- Functional Outcomes
- Conclusions
- Recommended Reading
- Index
- Edition: 6
- Published: May 15, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier
- No. of pages: 944
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323791359
AN
Allen R. Nissenson
Affiliations and expertise
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CARF
Richard N. Fine
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Pediatrics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NYRM
Rajnish Mehrotra
Affiliations and expertise
David S. and Nayda Utterberg Endowed Professor, Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WAJZ
Joshua Zaritsky
Affiliations and expertise
Chief Pediatric Nephrology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Professor of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PARead Handbook of Dialysis Therapy on ScienceDirect