Introduction to Food Engineering

Interactivities by Chapter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Calculator—Example 1.1 Conversions from English Units to SI Units

Animation—Figure 1.3 A system with a flexible boundary.

Calculator—Example 1.4 Convert Moisture Content from % Wet Basis to % Dry Basis

Chapter 2. Fluid Flow in Food Processing

Video—Removing lid from the lobe-type positive displacement pump

Animation—Figure 2.8 (a) A steel block enclosed between two plates. (b) A fluid enclosed between two plates.

Animation—Figure 2.9 Illustration of drag generated on underlying cards as the top card in a deck is moved. This is analogous to the movement of the top layer of a fluid.

Calculator—Example 2.1 Predict the Viscosity of a Liquid Food

Calculator—Example 2.3 Predict Average Velocity and Mass Flow Rate of Beer

Animation—Figure 2.13 Laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow in a pipe.

Calculator—Example 2.4 Predict Maximum Time to Fill a Tank

Calculator—Example 2.5 Predict the Velocity when Air and Water Flow Convert From Laminar to Transitional

Calculator—Example 2.6 Predict the Fraction of Pipe that Represents the Entrance Region

Calculator—Example 2.7 Predict Velocities in a Cylindrical Pipe

Animation—Figure 2.16 The Moody diagram for the Fanning friction factor. Equivalent roughness for new pipes (ε in meters): cast iron, 259×10−6; drawn tubing, 1.5235×10−6, galvanized iron, 152×10−6; steel or wrought iron, 45.7×10−6.

Calculator—Example 2.9 Predict Discharge Velocity of Wine and the Time Required to Empty the Tank

Calculator—Example 2.10 Predict Maximum Height of Hill to Siphon Water Without Cavitation, T = 30C

Calculator—Example 2.11 Predict Power Requirements of a Pump

Animation—Figure 2.21 A centrifugal pump.

Calculator—Example 2.14 Predict Pump Suitability using Available Net Positive Suction Head (NPSHA)

Calculator—Example 2.16 Predict Pump Performance if Operated at 3500 rpm

Animation—Figure 2.35 A pitot tube used to measure velocity of a fluid flowing in a pipe.

Calculator—Example 2.17 Predict Velocity of Water Flow in a Pipe

Animation—Figure 2.36 An orifice plate used to measure fluid flow.

Calculator—Example 2.19 Predict the Viscosity of Honey

Calculator—Example 2.20 Predict the Liquid Viscosity

Animation—Figure 2.46 Plot of velocity ratio vs generalized Reynolds numbers.

Calculator—Example 2.23 Predict Flow Properties of a Non-Newtonian Fluid

Calculator—Example 2.24 Predict Pumping Requirements

Video—A vane-type anemometer being used to measure air speed

Virtual Experiment—Temperature Sensors — Response Time of Thermocouples

Chapter 3. Resource Sustainability

Video—A movie clip of the hydroelectric dam

Video—A movie clip of the wind turbines

Calculator—Example 3.1 Predict the Volume and Enthalpy of Steam

Calculator—Example 3.2 Predict Mass and Volume Flow Rates of Steam

Calculator—Example 3.3 Predict Enthalpy Values of Saturated and Superheated Steam

Chapter 4. Heat Transfer in Food Processing

Animation—Figure 4.2 (a) Plate heat exchanger. (b) Schematic view of fluid flow between plates.

Animation—Figure 4.4 A five-stage plate pasteurizer for processing milk.

Animation—Figure 4.6A Schematic illustration of a tubular heat exchanger.

Animation—Figure 4.6B

Animation—Figure 4.8 A shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

Animation—Figure 4.9 A scraped-surface heat exchanger with a cutaway section illustrating various components.

Calculator—Example 4.1 Predict Cooling Load in Walk-In Chamber Caused by Heat Evolution

Calculator—Example 4.2 Predict thermal conductivity

Animation—Figure 4.13 Convective heat flow from the surface of a flat plate.

Animation—Figure 4.15 Heat transfer in a wall, also shown with a thermal resistance circuit.

Animation—Figure 4.16 Heat transfer in a radial direction in a pipe, also shown with a thermal resistance circuit.

Calculator—Example 4.7 Predict the Rate of Heat Transfer using the Thermal Resistance Concept

Animation—Figure 4.17 Conductive heat transfer in a composite rectangular wall, also shown with a thermal resistance circuit.

Calculator—Example 4.8 Predict Required Insulation Thickness to Maintain Heat Transfer Rate through Wall

Calculator—Example 4.9 Predict the Temperature of the Interface Between Steel and Insulation

Animation—Figure 4.23 Forced convective heat transfer from a pipe with flow inside and outside the pipe.

Calculator—Example 4.11 Predict the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

Calculator—Example 4.12 Predict the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

Animation—Figure 4.25 Heat transfer from the outside of a heated pipe due to natural convection.

Calculator—Example 4.16 Predict Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and Heat Loss from 1 Meter Long Pipe

Calculator—Example 4.18A Predict Heat Exchanger Conditions for Counterflow and Parallel-flow Configurations

Calculator—Example 4.18B Predict Heat Exchanger Conditions for Counterflow and Parallel-flow Configurations

Calculator—Example 4.19 Predict Average Overall and Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients

Calculator—Example 4.23 Predict the Radiative Heat Transfer Received

Calculator—Example 4.24 Predict Temperature During Heating of Tomato Juice

Animation—Figure 4.35A Temperature at the geometric center of a sphere of radius dc.

Animation—Figure 4.35B

Animation—Figure 4.38 A finite cylinder considered as part of an infinite cylinder and an infinite slab.

Animation—Figure 4.40 Heating rate parameter, fh, as a function of Biot number.

Animation—Figure 4.41 Lag factor, jc, at the geometric center of a sphere, infinite cylinder, and infinite slab as a function of Biot number.

Animation—Figure 4.42 Average lag factor, jm of a sphere, infinite cylinder, and infinite slab as a function of Biot number.

Animation—Figure 4.44 Movement of a dipole in an electrical field.

Calculator—Example 4.33 Predict the Depth Below the Surface at which Microwave Power is 1/2 Incident Power

Animation—Figure 4.45 Major components of a microwave oven.

Virtual Experiment—Convective Heat Transfer — Determining Heat Transfer Coefficient in Air and Water

Chapter 5. Preservation Processes

Video—A laboratory-scale high pressure unit

Video—A laboratory-scale pulsed electric field system

Chapter 6. Refrigeration

Animation—Figure 6.3 A mechanical vapor-compression refrigeration system.

Animation—Figure 6.15 An automatic expansion valve.

Animation—Figure 6.18 A pressure–enthalpy chart for a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle under saturated conditions.

Animation—Figure 6.19 A pressure–enthalpy chart for a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with deviations.

Calculator—Example 6.3 Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (R-134a)

Calculator—Example 6.5 Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (Ammonia)

Calculator—Example 6.6A Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (R-134a)

Calculator—Example 6.6B Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (Ammonia, R-717)

Chapter 7. Food Freezing

Video—Preparation of salmon filets for freezing in a frozen food plant

Video—Freezing salmon in a frozen food plant

Animation—Figure 7.1 Schematic diagram of an indirect-contact freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.2 Schematic illustration of a plate freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.4 Continuous air-blast freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.5 Continuous freezing system for liquid foods. (Courtesy of Cherry-Burrell Corporation)

Animation—Figure 7.6 Schematic diagram of a direct-contact freezing system.

Video—Freezing foods in a spiral freezer

Animation—Figure 7.7 A fluidized-bed freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.8 Schematic illustration of an immersion freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.16 Use of Plank’s equation in determining freezing time.

Calculator—Example 7.1 Predict Freezing Time using Plank's equation

Calculator—Example 7.2 Predict Freezing time using Pham's method

Calculator—Example 7.3 Predict shape factor of a solid object

Chapter 8. Evaporation

Animation—Figure 8.1 Schematic diagram of a single-effect evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.2 Schematic diagram of a triple-effect evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.4 A batch-type pan evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.5 A natural-circulation evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.6 A rising-film evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.7 A falling-film evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.8 A rising/falling-film evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.9 A forced-circulation evaporator.

Chapter 9. Psychrometrics

Calculator—Example 9.1 Predict the Specific Volume of Air

Calculator—Example 9.3 Predict Psychrometric Properties

Calculator—Example 9.4 Predict Psychrometric Properties

Animation—Figure 9.2 A skeleton psychrometric chart.

Animation—Figure E9.2A A psychrometric chart with conditions of air given in Example 9.5.

Animation—Figure E9.2B

Animation—Figure E9.2C

Animation—Figure E9.2D

Calculator—Example 9.5 Predict Psychrometric Properties

Animation—Figure 9.3A A heating process A–B shown on a psychrometric chart.

Animation—Figure 9.3B

Animation—Figure 9.4 Mixing of air in equal parts shown on a psychrometric chart.

Animation—Figure 9.5 Drying (or adiabatic saturation) process shown on a psychrometric chart.

Chapter 10. Mass Transfer

Calculator—Example 10.1 Predict Rate of Water Evaporation

Calculator—Example 10.2 Predict Rate of Water Evaporation Using Partial Pressures

Calculator—Example 10.4 Predict the Mass Transfer Coefficient

Virtual Experiment—Water Absorption — Modeling Water Absorption in Pasta

Chapter 11. Membrane Separation

Animation—Figure 11.1 Use of membrane systems to separate substances of different-sized molecules.

Animation—Figure 11.4 The movement of ions in ion-selective membranes.

Calculator—Example 11.1 Predict the Osmotic Pressure of Orange Juice Using the Van't Hoff Equation

Calculator—Example 11.2 Predict the Osmotic Pressure of Orange Juice using the Gibb's Relationship

Calculator—Example 11.3 Predict the Water Flux Through an Ultrafiltration Membrane and Length of Membrane Tube

Animation—Figure 11.8 Separation process in a pressure-driven membrane system.

Animation—Figure 11.12 A tubular membrane system.

Chapter 12. Dehydration

Calculator—Example 12.1 Predict Water Activity and Moisture Content of a Product in Two Different Environments

Calculator—Example 12.2 Predict the Time when the Falling-Rate Drying Period Begins

Animation—Figure 12.4 Schematic illustration of a cabinet-type tray drier.

Animation—Figure 12.5 Cabinet dryer with vacuum.

Animation—Figure 12.6 Schematic illustration of a concurrent-flow tunnel dryer.

Animation—Figure 12.7 Schematic illustration of a countercurrent-flow tunnel dryer.

Animation—Figure 12.8 Schematic illustration of a fluidized-bed dryer.

Animation—Figure 12.9 Schematic illustration of a spray-drying system.

Calculator—Example 12.6 Predict Falling-Rate Drying Time of a Noodle

Calculator—Example 12.8 Predict the Drying Time for Coffee Concentrate

Virtual Experiment—Sorption Phenomena in Foods — Determining Sorption Isotherms of Corn

Chapter 13. Supplemental Processes

Calculator—Example 13.1 Constant- Rate Filtration

Calculator—Example 13.2 Constant- Pressure Filtration

Calculator—Example 13.6 Centrifugal Separation

Chapter 14. Extrusion Processes for Foods

Calculator—Example 14.1 Mass flow rate of extrudatte through a die

Chapter 15. Packaging Concepts

Animation—Figure 15.2 Mass transfer of a gas through a polymeric material.

Virtual Experiment—Modified Atmosphere Packaging — Determining Gas Concentrations in a Package of Blueberries during Storage

Interactivities by Type

Animations

Chapter 1. Introduction

Animation—Figure 1.3 A system with a flexible boundary.

Chapter 2. Fluid Flow in Food Processing

Animation—Figure 2.8 (a) A steel block enclosed between two plates. (b) A fluid enclosed between two plates.

Animation—Figure 2.9 Illustration of drag generated on underlying cards as the top card in a deck is moved. This is analogous to the movement of the top layer of a fluid.

Animation—Figure 2.13 Laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow in a pipe.

Animation—Figure 2.16 The Moody diagram for the Fanning friction factor. Equivalent roughness for new pipes (ε in meters): cast iron, 259×10−6; drawn tubing, 1.5235×10−6, galvanized iron, 152×10−6; steel or wrought iron, 45.7×10−6.

Animation—Figure 2.21 A centrifugal pump.

Animation—Figure 2.35 A pitot tube used to measure velocity of a fluid flowing in a pipe.

Animation—Figure 2.36 An orifice plate used to measure fluid flow.

Animation—Figure 2.46 Plot of velocity ratio vs generalized Reynolds numbers.

Chapter 4. Heat Transfer in Food Processing

Animation—Figure 4.2 (a) Plate heat exchanger. (b) Schematic view of fluid flow between plates.

Animation—Figure 4.4 A five-stage plate pasteurizer for processing milk.

Animation—Figure 4.6A Schematic illustration of a tubular heat exchanger.

Animation—Figure 4.6B

Animation—Figure 4.8 A shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

Animation—Figure 4.9 A scraped-surface heat exchanger with a cutaway section illustrating various components.

Animation—Figure 4.13 Convective heat flow from the surface of a flat plate.

Animation—Figure 4.15 Heat transfer in a wall, also shown with a thermal resistance circuit.

Animation—Figure 4.16 Heat transfer in a radial direction in a pipe, also shown with a thermal resistance circuit.

Animation—Figure 4.17 Conductive heat transfer in a composite rectangular wall, also shown with a thermal resistance circuit.

Animation—Figure 4.23 Forced convective heat transfer from a pipe with flow inside and outside the pipe.

Animation—Figure 4.25 Heat transfer from the outside of a heated pipe due to natural convection.

Animation—Figure 4.35A Temperature at the geometric center of a sphere of radius dc.

Animation—Figure 4.35B

Animation—Figure 4.38 A finite cylinder considered as part of an infinite cylinder and an infinite slab.

Animation—Figure 4.40 Heating rate parameter, fh, as a function of Biot number.

Animation—Figure 4.41 Lag factor, jc, at the geometric center of a sphere, infinite cylinder, and infinite slab as a function of Biot number.

Animation—Figure 4.42 Average lag factor, jm of a sphere, infinite cylinder, and infinite slab as a function of Biot number.

Animation—Figure 4.44 Movement of a dipole in an electrical field.

Animation—Figure 4.45 Major components of a microwave oven.

Chapter 6. Refrigeration

Animation—Figure 6.3 A mechanical vapor-compression refrigeration system.

Animation—Figure 6.15 An automatic expansion valve.

Animation—Figure 6.18 A pressure–enthalpy chart for a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle under saturated conditions.

Animation—Figure 6.19 A pressure–enthalpy chart for a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with deviations.

Chapter 7. Food Freezing

Animation—Figure 7.1 Schematic diagram of an indirect-contact freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.2 Schematic illustration of a plate freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.4 Continuous air-blast freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.5 Continuous freezing system for liquid foods. (Courtesy of Cherry-Burrell Corporation)

Animation—Figure 7.6 Schematic diagram of a direct-contact freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.7 A fluidized-bed freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.8 Schematic illustration of an immersion freezing system.

Animation—Figure 7.16 Use of Plank’s equation in determining freezing time.

Chapter 8. Evaporation

Animation—Figure 8.1 Schematic diagram of a single-effect evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.2 Schematic diagram of a triple-effect evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.4 A batch-type pan evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.5 A natural-circulation evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.6 A rising-film evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.7 A falling-film evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.8 A rising/falling-film evaporator.

Animation—Figure 8.9 A forced-circulation evaporator.

Chapter 9. Psychrometrics

Animation—Figure 9.2 A skeleton psychrometric chart.

Animation—Figure E9.2A A psychrometric chart with conditions of air given in Example 9.5.

Animation—Figure E9.2B

Animation—Figure E9.2C

Animation—Figure E9.2D

Animation—Figure 9.3A A heating process A–B shown on a psychrometric chart.

Animation—Figure 9.3B

Animation—Figure 9.4 Mixing of air in equal parts shown on a psychrometric chart.

Animation—Figure 9.5 Drying (or adiabatic saturation) process shown on a psychrometric chart.

Chapter 11. Membrane Separation

Animation—Figure 11.1 Use of membrane systems to separate substances of different-sized molecules.

Animation—Figure 11.4 The movement of ions in ion-selective membranes.

Animation—Figure 11.8 Separation process in a pressure-driven membrane system.

Animation—Figure 11.12 A tubular membrane system.

Chapter 12. Dehydration

Animation—Figure 12.4 Schematic illustration of a cabinet-type tray drier.

Animation—Figure 12.5 Cabinet dryer with vacuum.

Animation—Figure 12.6 Schematic illustration of a concurrent-flow tunnel dryer.

Animation—Figure 12.7 Schematic illustration of a countercurrent-flow tunnel dryer.

Animation—Figure 12.8 Schematic illustration of a fluidized-bed dryer.

Animation—Figure 12.9 Schematic illustration of a spray-drying system.

Chapter 15. Packaging Concepts

Animation—Figure 15.2 Mass transfer of a gas through a polymeric material.

Calculators

Chapter 1. Introduction

Calculator—Example 1.1 Conversions from English Units to SI Units

Calculator—Example 1.4 Convert Moisture Content from % Wet Basis to % Dry Basis

Chapter 2. Fluid Flow in Food Processing

Calculator—Example 2.1 Predict the Viscosity of a Liquid Food

Calculator—Example 2.3 Predict Average Velocity and Mass Flow Rate of Beer

Calculator—Example 2.4 Predict Maximum Time to Fill a Tank

Calculator—Example 2.5 Predict the Velocity when Air and Water Flow Convert From Laminar to Transitional

Calculator—Example 2.6 Predict the Fraction of Pipe that Represents the Entrance Region

Calculator—Example 2.7 Predict Velocities in a Cylindrical Pipe

Calculator—Example 2.9 Predict Discharge Velocity of Wine and the Time Required to Empty the Tank

Calculator—Example 2.10 Predict Maximum Height of Hill to Siphon Water Without Cavitation, T = 30C

Calculator—Example 2.11 Predict Power Requirements of a Pump

Calculator—Example 2.14 Predict Pump Suitability using Available Net Positive Suction Head (NPSHA)

Calculator—Example 2.16 Predict Pump Performance if Operated at 3500 rpm

Calculator—Example 2.17 Predict Velocity of Water Flow in a Pipe

Calculator—Example 2.19 Predict the Viscosity of Honey

Calculator—Example 2.20 Predict the Liquid Viscosity

Calculator—Example 2.23 Predict Flow Properties of a Non-Newtonian Fluid

Calculator—Example 2.24 Predict Pumping Requirements

Chapter 3. Resource Sustainability

Calculator—Example 3.1 Predict the Volume and Enthalpy of Steam

Calculator—Example 3.2 Predict Mass and Volume Flow Rates of Steam

Calculator—Example 3.3 Predict Enthalpy Values of Saturated and Superheated Steam

Chapter 4. Heat Transfer in Food Processing

Calculator—Example 4.1 Predict Cooling Load in Walk-In Chamber Caused by Heat Evolution

Calculator—Example 4.2 Predict thermal conductivity

Calculator—Example 4.7 Predict the Rate of Heat Transfer using the Thermal Resistance Concept

Calculator—Example 4.8 Predict Required Insulation Thickness to Maintain Heat Transfer Rate through Wall

Calculator—Example 4.9 Predict the Temperature of the Interface Between Steel and Insulation

Calculator—Example 4.11 Predict the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

Calculator—Example 4.12 Predict the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

Calculator—Example 4.16 Predict Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient and Heat Loss from 1 Meter Long Pipe

Calculator—Example 4.18A Predict Heat Exchanger Conditions for Counterflow and Parallel-flow Configurations

Calculator—Example 4.18B Predict Heat Exchanger Conditions for Counterflow and Parallel-flow Configurations

Calculator—Example 4.19 Predict Average Overall and Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients

Calculator—Example 4.23 Predict the Radiative Heat Transfer Received

Calculator—Example 4.24 Predict Temperature During Heating of Tomato Juice

Calculator—Example 4.33 Predict the Depth Below the Surface at which Microwave Power is 1/2 Incident Power

Chapter 6. Refrigeration

Calculator—Example 6.3 Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (R-134a)

Calculator—Example 6.5 Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (Ammonia)

Calculator—Example 6.6A Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (R-134a)

Calculator—Example 6.6B Predict Conditions of Cold Storage Room Using a Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System (Ammonia, R-717)

Chapter 7. Food Freezing

Calculator—Example 7.1 Predict Freezing Time using Plank's equation

Calculator—Example 7.2 Predict Freezing time using Pham's method

Calculator—Example 7.3 Predict shape factor of a solid object

Chapter 9. Psychrometrics

Calculator—Example 9.1 Predict the Specific Volume of Air

Calculator—Example 9.3 Predict Psychrometric Properties

Calculator—Example 9.4 Predict Psychrometric Properties

Calculator—Example 9.5 Predict Psychrometric Properties

Chapter 10. Mass Transfer

Calculator—Example 10.1 Predict Rate of Water Evaporation

Calculator—Example 10.2 Predict Rate of Water Evaporation Using Partial Pressures

Calculator—Example 10.4 Predict the Mass Transfer Coefficient

Chapter 11. Membrane Separation

Calculator—Example 11.1 Predict the Osmotic Pressure of Orange Juice Using the Van't Hoff Equation

Calculator—Example 11.2 Predict the Osmotic Pressure of Orange Juice using the Gibb's Relationship

Calculator—Example 11.3 Predict the Water Flux Through an Ultrafiltration Membrane and Length of Membrane Tube

Chapter 12. Dehydration

Calculator—Example 12.1 Predict Water Activity and Moisture Content of a Product in Two Different Environments

Calculator—Example 12.2 Predict the Time when the Falling-Rate Drying Period Begins

Calculator—Example 12.6 Predict Falling-Rate Drying Time of a Noodle

Calculator—Example 12.8 Predict the Drying Time for Coffee Concentrate

Chapter 13. Supplemental Processes

Calculator—Example 13.1 Constant- Rate Filtration

Calculator—Example 13.2 Constant- Pressure Filtration

Calculator—Example 13.6 Centrifugal Separation

Chapter 14. Extrusion Processes for Foods

Calculator—Example 14.1 Mass flow rate of extrudatte through a die

Videos

Chapter 2. Fluid Flow in Food Processing

Video—Removing lid from the lobe-type positive displacement pump

Video—A vane-type anemometer being used to measure air speed

Chapter 3. Resource Sustainability

Video—A movie clip of the hydroelectric dam

Video—A movie clip of the wind turbines

Chapter 5. Preservation Processes

Video—A laboratory-scale high pressure unit

Video—A laboratory-scale pulsed electric field system

Chapter 7. Food Freezing

Video—Preparation of salmon filets for freezing in a frozen food plant

Video—Freezing salmon in a frozen food plant

Video—Freezing foods in a spiral freezer

Virtual Labs

Chapter 2. Fluid Flow in Food Processing

Virtual Experiment—Temperature Sensors — Response Time of Thermocouples

Chapter 4. Heat Transfer in Food Processing

Virtual Experiment—Convective Heat Transfer — Determining Heat Transfer Coefficient in Air and Water

Chapter 10. Mass Transfer

Virtual Experiment—Water Absorption — Modeling Water Absorption in Pasta

Chapter 12. Dehydration

Virtual Experiment—Sorption Phenomena in Foods — Determining Sorption Isotherms of Corn

Chapter 15. Packaging Concepts

Virtual Experiment—Modified Atmosphere Packaging — Determining Gas Concentrations in a Package of Blueberries during Storage