Books in Mathematics

The Mathematics collection presents a range of foundational and advanced research content across applied and discrete mathematics, including fields such as Computational Mathematics; Differential Equations; Linear Algebra; Modelling & Simulation; Numerical Analysis; Probability & Statistics.

Books Journals

Regular Figures

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
L. Fejes Tóth
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 5 1 4 3 4

Regular Figures concerns the systematology and genetics of regular figures. The first part of the book deals with the classical theory of the regular figures. This topic includes description of plane ornaments, spherical arrangements, hyperbolic tessellations, polyhedral, and regular polytopes. The problem of geometry of the sphere and the two-dimensional hyperbolic space are considered. Classical theory is explained as describing all possible symmetrical groupings in different spaces of constant curvature. The second part deals with the genetics of the regular figures and the inequalities found in polygons; also presented as examples are the packing and covering problems of a given circle using the most or least number of discs. The problem of distributing n points on the sphere for these points to be placed as far as possible from each other is also discussed. The theories and problems discussed are then applied to pollen-grains, which are transported by animals or the wind. A closer look into the exterior composition of the grain shows many characteristics of uniform distribution of orifices, as well as irregular distribution. A formula that calculates such packing density is then explained. More advanced problems such as the genetics of the protean regular figures of higher spaces are also discussed. The book is ideal for physicists, mathematicians, architects, and students and professors in geometry.

Boundary Value Problems

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
F. D. Gakhov
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 6 4 9 8 4

Boundary Value Problems is a translation from the Russian of lectures given at Kazan and Rostov Universities, dealing with the theory of boundary value problems for analytic functions. The emphasis of the book is on the solution of singular integral equations with Cauchy and Hilbert kernels. Although the book treats the theory of boundary value problems, emphasis is on linear problems with one unknown function. The definition of the Cauchy type integral, examples, limiting values, behavior, and its principal value are explained. The Riemann boundary value problem is emphasized in considering the theory of boundary value problems of analytic functions. The book then analyzes the application of the Riemann boundary value problem as applied to singular integral equations with Cauchy kernel. A second fundamental boundary value problem of analytic functions is the Hilbert problem with a Hilbert kernel; the application of the Hilbert problem is also evaluated. The use of Sokhotski's formulas for certain integral analysis is explained and equations with logarithmic kernels and kernels with a weak power singularity are solved. The chapters in the book all end with some historical briefs, to give a background of the problem(s) discussed. The book will be very valuable to mathematicians, students, and professors in advanced mathematics and geometrical functions.

The Algebraic Theory of Switching Circuits

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
Gr. C. Moisil
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 6 0 7 6 4

The Algebraic Theory of Switching Circuits covers the application of various algebraic tools to the delineation of the algebraic theory of switching circuits for automation with contacts and relays. This book is organized into five parts encompassing 31 chapters. Part I deals with the principles and application of Boolean algebra and the theory of finite fields (Galois fields). Part II emphasizes the importance of the sequential operation of the automata and the variables associated to the current and to the contacts. This part also tackles the recurrence relations that describe operations of the network and the principles of the so-called characteristic equations. Part III reviews the study of networks with secondary elements other than ordinary relays, while Part IV focuses on the fundamentals and application of multi-position contacts. Part V considers several topics related to circuit with electronic elements, including triodes, pentodes, transistors, and cryotrons. This book will be of great value to practicing engineers, mathematicians, and workers in the field of computers.

An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
Robert A. Rankin
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 8 5 0 3 3

International Series of Monographs on Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 43: An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis discusses the various topics involved in the analysis of functions of a single real variable. The title first covers the fundamental idea and assumptions in analysis, and then proceeds to tackling the various areas in analysis, such as limits, continuity, differentiability, integration, convergence of infinite series, double series, and infinite products. The book will be most useful to undergraduate students of mathematical analysis.

Integration of Equations of Parabolic Type by the Method of Nets

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
V. K. Saul'Yev
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 5 5 3 2 6

International Series of Monographs in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 54: Integration of Equations of Parabolic Type by the Method of Nets deals with solving parabolic partial differential equations using the method of nets. The first part of this volume focuses on the construction of net equations, with emphasis on the stability and accuracy of the approximating net equations. The method of nets or method of finite differences (used to define the corresponding numerical method in ordinary differential equations) is one of many different approximate methods of integration of partial differential equations. The other methods, and some based on newer equations, are described. By analyzing these newer methods, older and existing methods are evaluated. For example, the asymmetric net equations; the alternating method of using certain equations; and the method of mean arithmetic and multi-nodal symmetric method point out that when the accuracy needs to be high, the requirements for stability become more defined. The methods discussed are very theoretical and methodological. The second part of the book concerns the practical numerical solution of the equations posed in Part I. Emphasis is on the commonly used iterative methods that are programmable on computers. This book is suitable for statisticians and numerical analysts and is also recommended for scientists and engineers with general mathematical knowledge.

Lectures in General Algebra

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
A. G. Kurosh
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 4 9 5 7 8

Lectures in General Algebra is a translation from the Russian and is based on lectures on specialized courses in general algebra at Moscow University. The book starts with the basics of algebra. The text briefly describes the theory of sets, binary relations, equivalence relations, partial ordering, minimum condition, and theorems equivalent to the axiom of choice. The text gives the definition of binary algebraic operation and the concepts of groups, groupoids, and semigroups. The book examines the parallelism between the theory of groups and the theory of rings; such examinations show the convenience of constructing a single theory from the results of group experiments and ring experiments which are known to follow simple corollaries. The text also presents algebraic structures that are not of binary nature. From this parallelism arise other concepts, such as that of the lattices, complete lattices, and modular lattices. The book then proves the Schmidt-Ore theorem, and also describes linear algebra, as well as the Birkhoff-Witt theorem on Lie algebras. The text also addresses ordered groups, the Archimedean groups and rings, and Albert's theorem on normed algebras. This book can prove useful for algebra students and for professors of algebra and advanced mathematicians.

The Theory of Finitely Generated Commutative Semigroups

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
L. Rédei
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 5 5 9 4 4

The Theory of Finitely Generated Commutative Semigroups describes a theory of finitely generated commutative semigroups which is founded essentially on a single "fundamental theorem" and exhibits resemblance in many respects to the algebraic theory of numbers. The theory primarily involves the investigation of the F-congruences (F is the the free semimodule of the rank n, where n is a given natural number). As applications, several important special cases are given. This volume is comprised of five chapters and begins with preliminaries on finitely generated commutative semigroups before turning to a discussion of the problem of determining all the F-congruences as the fundamental problem of the proposed theory. The next chapter lays down the foundations of the theory by defining the kernel functions and the fundamental theorem. The elementary properties of the kernel functions are then considered, along with the ideal theory of free semimodules of finite rank. The final chapter deals with the isomorphism problem of the theory, which is solved by reducing it to the determination of the equivalent kernel functions. This book should be of interest to mathematicians as well as students of pure and applied mathematics.

Multidimensional Singular Integrals and Integral Equations

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
S. G. Mikhlin
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 6 4 4 9 6

Multidimensional Singular Integrals and Integral Equations presents the results of the theory of multidimensional singular integrals and of equations containing such integrals. Emphasis is on singular integrals taken over Euclidean space or in the closed manifold of Liapounov and equations containing such integrals. This volume is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an overview of some theorems on linear equations in Banach spaces, followed by a discussion on the simplest properties of multidimensional singular integrals. Subsequent chapters deal with compounding of singular integrals; properties of the symbol, with particular reference to Fourier transform of a kernel and the symbol of a singular operator; singular integrals in Lp spaces; and singular integral equations. The differentiation of integrals with a weak singularity is also considered, along with the rule for the multiplication of the symbols in the general case. The final chapter describes several applications of multidimensional singular integral equations to boundary problems in mathematical physics. This book will be of interest to mathematicians and students of mathematics.

The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics

1st Edition
Volume 79
July 10, 2014
G. N. Polozhii
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 8 5 4 6 0

Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume 79: The Method of Summary Representation for Numerical Solution of Problems of Mathematical Physics presents the numerical solution of two-dimensional and three-dimensional boundary-value problems of mathematical physics. This book focuses on the second-order and fourth-order linear differential equations. Organized into two chapters, this volume begins with an overview of ordinary finite-difference equations and the general solutions of certain specific finite-difference equations. This text then examines the various methods of successive approximation that are used exclusively for solving finite-difference equations. This book discusses as well the established formula of summary representation for certain finite-difference operators that are associated with partial differential equations of mathematical physics. The final chapter deals with the formula of summary representation to enable the researcher to write the solution of the corresponding systems of linear algebraic equations in a simple form. This book is a valuable resource for mathematicians and physicists.

Lambda-Matrices and Vibrating Systems

1st Edition
July 10, 2014
Peter Lancaster
I. N. Sneddon + 2 more
English
eBook
9 7 8 1 4 8 3 1 5 0 9 6 3

Lambda-Matrices and Vibrating Systems presents aspects and solutions to problems concerned with linear vibrating systems with a finite degrees of freedom and the theory of matrices. The book discusses some parts of the theory of matrices that will account for the solutions of the problems. The text starts with an outline of matrix theory, and some theorems are proved. The Jordan canonical form is also applied to understand the structure of square matrices. Classical theorems are discussed further by applying the Jordan canonical form, the Rayleigh quotient, and simple matrix pencils with latent vectors in common. The book then expounds on Lambda matrices and on some numerical methods for Lambda matrices. These methods explain developments of known approximations and rates of convergence. The text then addresses general solutions for simultaneous ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. The results of some of the studies are then applied to the theory of vibration by applying the Lagrange method for formulating equations of motion, after the formula establishing the energies and dissipation functions are completed. The book describes the theory of resonance testing using the stationary phase method, where the test is carried out by applying certain forces to the structure being studied, and the amplitude of response in the structure is measured. The book also discusses other difficult problems. The text can be used by physicists, engineers, mathematicians, and designers of industrial equipment that incorporates motion in the design.

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