
Yoga for Cardiovascular Disease and Rehabilitation
Integrating Complementary Medicine into Cardiovascular Medicine
- 1st Edition - November 17, 2024
- Author: Indranill Basu Ray
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 6 4 5 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 6 4 6 - 4
Yoga in Cardiovascular Disease and Rehabilitation: Integrating Complementary Medicine into Cardiovascular Medicine highlights recent research, clinical trials and experimen… Read more

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Request a sales quoteYoga in Cardiovascular Disease and Rehabilitation: Integrating Complementary Medicine into Cardiovascular Medicine highlights recent research, clinical trials and experiments on yoga and meditation as a preventative measure against various major cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease and metabolic syndromes.
Chapters discuss yoga's role in ameliorating cardiac dysfunction and current knowledge on the effects of yoga on the brain, emotion, and other factors that initiate and perpetuate vascular inflammation. Cellular, genetic, and molecular effects of yoga based on experimental evidence are also covered in detail, providing readers with the latest research on the effects of yoga and meditation in heart diseases.
This book also explores current knowledge gaps in yoga research to facilitate further research and is a comprehensive reference to scientists and clinicians interested in yoga's health effects, including preventing and treating diseases.
- Highlights recent research, clinical trials and experiments on yoga and meditation as a preventative measure against various cardiovascular problems
- Covers all major heart diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndromes, and more
- Adopts a translational approach, exploring the cellular, genetic and molecular effects of yoga on health based on the latest research evidence
- Title of Book
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedications
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Abbreviations
- Section I. Epidemiology and pathophysiological mechanisms
- Chapter 1. Introduction to heart disease
- Introduction
- Anatomy of the human heart
- Cardiac embryology
- Cardiac physiology
- Cardiac cycle
- Electrical activity
- Frank–Starling law
- Laplace's law
- Cardiovascular disorders
- Ischemic heart disease
- Arrhythmias
- Bradyarrhythmias
- Tachyarrhythmias
- Atrial fibrillation
- Heart failure
- Valvular heart disease
- Congenital heart disease
- Pericardial diseases
- Hypertension
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Guidelines on prevention and therapy
- Future recommendations
- Chapter 2. Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and yoga as an adjunctive preventative and therapeutic entity
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of CVDs
- Causes of cardiovascular death
- CVD continuum across lifespan
- Public health approaches in managing CVD epidemic
- Yoga as an adjunct tool in the management of CVDs
- Primary prevention of CVDs through yoga
- Secondary prevention of CVDs through yoga
- Future recommendations
- Chapter 3. Mechanism of yoga in cardiovascular diseases
- Introduction
- Role of yoga for specific cardiac conditions
- Ischemic heart disease
- Hypertension
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmias
- Metabolic syndrome
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Guidelines on prevention and therapy
- Chapter 4. Effect of yoga on genes
- Introduction
- Key regulators of inflammatory pathways: Neuroendocrine mechanism
- Comprehending conserved transcriptional response to adversity during stress
- Cellular metabolism with yoga: A mediator to a healthy life
- Potential pathways connecting yoga: Inflammatory biology
- Conclusion
- Chapter 5. Cardiovascular epidemiology and need for integrative medicine to fill the gap
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Historical development
- Recent advances
- Geographic epidemiology
- Risk factors
- Survey methods
- Transformational directions
- Yoga as a solution to multiple epidemiological risk factors
- Clinical implications in the field of cardiology
- Conclusion
- Chapter 6. Neurobiology of yoga
- Introduction
- Possible neurobiological mechanisms
- Systematic studies in yoga with neurobiological measures (Figs. 6.1–6.4)
- Modern neurophysiological research tools used in studying the effects of yoga
- Effects of yoga assessed using ECG and heart rate variability (Fig. 6.2)
- Effects of yoga assessed using EEG and evoked potentials (Fig. 6.3)
- The effects of yoga on neuroplasticity
- Yoga and imaging studies (Fig. 6.4)
- Structural/morphological neuroimaging studies on yoga
- Functional neuroimaging studies on yoga
- Effects of yoga on neural activation
- Effects of yoga on brain metabolites and neurotransmitters
- Magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
- Yoga and stress (Figs. 6.2 and 6.4)
- Conclusions and future directions
- Section II. Yoga for coronary artery diseases
- Chapter 7. Yoga for primary prevention of coronary heart disease
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Role of yoga and meditation
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Metabolic syndrome
- Obesity
- Smoking cessation
- Psychosocial stress
- Dyslipidemia
- Inflammation, oxidative stress, and procoagulant status
- Role of yoga in management of CVD risk score
- Possible mechanism of action of yoga in CHD
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Guidelines on prevention and therapy
- Chapter 8. Yoga for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease
- Introduction
- CAD—What does it mean and how common is it?
- Common risk factors and secondary prevention therapies—An overview
- Yoga—What does it mean?
- Early studies evaluating the effects of yoga on the cardiovascular system
- Nonrandomized studies to evaluate the effect of yoga on secondary prevention of CAD
- Randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of yoga on secondary prevention of CAD
- Meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of yoga on secondary prevention of CAD
- Conclusion
- Our take on yoga in secondary prevention of CAD
- Further research
- Section III. Yoga for hypertension
- Chapter 9. The role of yoga in the management of essential hypertension
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Diagnosis
- Pathogenesis
- Complications
- Epidemiology
- Management of hypertension
- Nonpharmacologic therapy
- Pharmacologic therapy
- Yoga as antihypertensive therapy
- Ethical life choices and personal observances
- Postures
- Regulated breathing
- Withdrawal of the senses, concentration of the mind, meditation, and enlightenment
- Clinical evidence
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
- Randomized controlled trials
- Nonrandomized, single-arm, prospective trials
- Cross-sectional study
- Evidence against yoga as antihypertensive therapy
- Implications for clinical practice
- Chapter 10. Yoga and cardiovascular disease prevention in African American and Hispanic populations
- Introduction
- Yoga and the African American and Hispanic communities
- Search strategy and selection criteria
- Overview of the most relevant publications
- Limitations of yoga trials and cardiovascular disease in African American and Hispanic study participants
- Conclusion
- Section IV. Yoga for metabolic diseases
- Chapter 11. Yoga in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of prediabetes
- Assessing risk of diabetes
- Is T2DM preventable
- T2DM prevention: Mechanisms involved
- Prevention of T2DM: Modalities
- Lifestyle interventions in diabetes
- Nutritional interventions
- Physical activity
- Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health physical activity recommendations
- Pharmacological interventions
- Role of yoga and meditation practices in the management of T2DM risk factors
- Research in yoga and role in T2DM prevention
- ADA guidelines for diabetes prevention
- Lifestyle behavior change for diabetes prevention: Recommendations
- Pharmacologic intervention recommendations
- Prevention of vascular disease and mortality recommendations
- Yoga recommendations
- Discussion
- Chapter 12. Scoping review of yoga as treatment for type 2 DM
- Introduction
- Pathogenesis of diabetes
- Diagnostic tests for T2DM
- Complications of T2DM
- Management of T2DM
- Pharmacological treatment of T2DM
- Epidemiology
- China diabetes report 2020–4542
- Role of yoga and meditation in DM type 2
- Perceptions of yoga as a mind–body wellness tool are generally positive
- Methods
- Inclusion criteria
- Exclusion criteria
- Results
- Summary of level I evidence of yoga for T2DM
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Guidelines on therapy
- Precautions and contraindications
- Limitations and future recommendations
- Chapter 13. Yoga-based lifestyle as a tool to prevent and manage complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Current evidences
- Introduction
- Nephropathy
- Retinopathy
- Neuropathy
- Cardiovascular disease
- Diagnosis of complications
- Yoga-based lifestyle
- Role of yoga in diabetes and its associated complications: Current evidence
- Mechanism of action of yoga
- Tentative yoga-based lifestyle regimen for prevention of complications of T2DM
- Future recommendation
- Conclusion
- Chapter 14. Yoga in obesity
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Management of obesity for CVD risk reduction
- Yoga: Mechanism and clinical benefits
- Clinical evidence
- Systematic review and meta-analyses
- Randomized controlled trials
- Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
- Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
- Nonrandomized, single-arm, prospective, pilot
- Secondary prevention CAD
- Primary prevention
- Cross-sectional study
- Miscellaneous benefits noted across studies in obese individuals
- Discussion
- Implications for clinical practice
- Implications for future research
- Chapter 15. Effects of yoga on metabolic syndrome
- Introduction
- History of the metabolic syndrome
- Standard definition of metabolic syndrome
- Etiology
- Prevalence
- Race/ethnic-specific prevalence
- Gender-specific prevalence
- Age-specific prevalence
- Geographical regions- specific prevalence
- Role of yoga on metabolic risk factors
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on yoga and metabolic syndrome
- Randomized controlled trials on metabolic risk factors and yoga
- Large multisite randomized controlled trial on yoga for metabolic biomarkers
- Quasi-experimental study on metabolic syndrome
- Case-control study on biological parameters of MetS and yoga
- Other studies on metabolic disorders
- Yogic approach to the prevention and management of better metabolic health
- Cultivation of right attitudes
- Yogic diet
- Yama and niyama
- Kriyas to cleanse the toxins
- Surya Namaskara
- Asana
- Pranayama
- Bandhas and mudra
- Dharana and dhyana
- Conclusion
- Section V. Yoga for arrhythmia and heart failure
- Chapter 16. Yoga in the treatment of heart failure: A systemic review of all clinical trials
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- Role of yoga in management of HF
- Yoga: Mechanism and clinical benefits in CHF
- Clinical evidence
- Future studies, outcomes awaited
- Discussion
- Implications for clinical practice
- Conclusion
- Chapter 17. Yoga and cardiac autonomic nervous system
- Introduction
- Cardiac autonomic nervous system
- Cardiac neuroanatomy
- Yoga and HRV
- Pranayama
- Yoga and syncope
- Yoga and ventricular arrhythmias
- Future recommendations
- Conclusion
- Chapter 18. Yoga and atrial fibrillation
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- AF epidemiology
- AF pathogenesis
- Role of ANS in AF
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Diabetes
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Exercise and physical inactivity
- Yoga in AF
- Clinical evidence and future directions
- Conclusion
- Section VI. Yoga for stroke and dementia
- Chapter 19. Role of yoga in stroke: Prevention, management, and rehabilitation
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of stroke
- Economic burden of stroke
- Etiology of stroke: risk factors
- Management of stroke
- Poststroke complications
- Poststroke spasticity
- Motor weakness
- Balancing
- Gait
- Cognitive and behavorial
- Yoga in the context of stroke
- Yoga: possible mechanisms
- Yoga in stroke rehabilitation: evidence
- Psychological well-being after stroke
- Quality of life
- Balancing
- Gait
- Motor weakness and stiffness
- Yoga in prevention of stroke: addressing vascular risk factors
- Barriers to the practice of yoga
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Guidelines
- Recommendations
- Chapter 20. Role of yoga in vascular dementia and other dementia conditions of the elderly
- Introduction
- Basic mechanisms by which yoga causes changes in mental health
- Effect of yoga on oxidative stress
- Effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
- Effect on angiogenin and VEGF
- Effect of yoga on cytokines
- Effect of yoga on neuro-transmitters
- Effect on hormones (melatonin, cortisol, and beta-endorphin)
- Effects at genetic level
- At autonomic function level
- Effect on brain oxygenation
- Effect on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
- Investigative tools measuring changes in brain related to cognition and impact of yoga on them
- Electroencephalogram
- Electrophysiology: P300 evoked potentials
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- PET and SPECT
- Clinical evidence studying the impact of yoga on cognition in different categories of people
- Impact of yoga on cognition in normal healthy individuals
- Yoga to prevent the development of dementia
- Impact of yoga on those with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (which is the cause of vascular dementia)
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Guidelines on prevention and therapy
- Section VII. Yoga for miscellaneous cardiovascular risks
- Chapter 21. Chronic inflammatory arthritis, cardiovascular risk and potential role of yoga-based lifestyle intervention
- Introduction
- Clinical characteristics
- CIA and cardiovascular disease connection
- Etiological factors responsible for increased CV risk in CIA and pathogenesis
- Pathophysiology
- Specific factors
- Diagnosis
- Standard treatment
- Prognosis
- Yoga and CIA
- Epidemiology of CVD in CIA
- Role of yoga in CVD risk in CIA
- Conclusion
- Clinical guidance
- Future recommendation
- Chapter 22. Yoga for depression as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
- Introduction
- Risk factors for depression in CVD
- Course of depression in CVD
- Depression and cardiac outcomes
- Mechanisms linking depression and cardiac disease
- Yoga and how it works
- Effects on neurochemistry
- Effects on inflammatory pathways
- Effects on oxidative stress markers
- Effects on neurophysiology
- Effects on brain structure and function
- Evidence for yoga in depression and cardiovascular disease
- Yoga for depression
- Yoga for cardiovascular disease
- Conclusion
- Guidelines for Yoga Therapy
- Scope for future research
- Chapter 23. Addressing cardiovascular disease risk through yoga: a focus on anxiety and psychosomatic stress reduction
- Introduction
- Stress and cardiovascular diseases
- Anxiety and cardiovascular diseases
- Yoga as a buffer for stress and anxiety
- Role of yoga in reducing stress, anxiety, and risk of cardiovascular diseases
- Review of meta-analysis and systematic review
- Yoga, stress, and post traumatic stress disorder
- Yoga, anxiety, and anxiety disorders
- Randomized controlled trials: Stress/anxiety and cardiovascular disorders
- Single-arm prepost design
- Conclusion
- Clinical insights: Tentative yoga module for comorbid anxiety/stress and cardiovascular diseases
- Guidelines on prevention and therapy
- Future recommendations
- Section VIII. Yogic diet-based therapy
- Chapter 24. Diet therapy and lifestyle based on yoga for diabetes mellitus
- Introduction
- Epidemiology of diabetes and lifestyle disorders
- Research on the role of yoga in diabetes mellitus
- Dietary approaches in yoga
- Apathya Ahara (contraindicated food items) for diabetes are
- Yogic diet and lifestyle protocols for diabetes
- Pathya (allowed food items) Ahara for diabetics
- Recommended Pathya Ahara for diabetics
- Role of fruits, vegetables, spices, and seeds in diabetes
- Conventional approach to diet therapy based on yoga and ayurveda
- Other lifestyle-related issues to consider
- Pathya Vihara for diabetics in ayurveda/yoga schools
- Contemporary scientific supporting data
- Need of awareness of yoga as well as traditional, thought process in managing health
- Yoga and behavioral aspects of eating
- Yoga and eating disorders
- Conclusion
- Chapter 25. Diet therapy for dyslipidemia: A review of clinical trials
- Introduction
- Epidemiology
- India and South Asia
- Management of dyslipidemia for CVD risk prevention
- Clinical evidence
- Systematic review and meta-analysis
- Other nutrients
- Randomized controlled/crossover trials
- Fruits, vegetables, and plant-based diets
- Functional foods
- Case–control or cohort study
- Dietary pattern and dietary habits
- Cross-sectional study
- Discussion
- Therapeutic lifestyle changes in LDL-lowering therapy
- Implications for clinical practice
- Implications for future research
- Chapter 26. Plant-based diet and cardiovascular health
- Introduction
- Definition of plant-based diets
- Potential mechanisms
- Macronutrient components of diet and cardiovascular disease
- Dietary fats
- Dietary carbohydrates
- Dietary proteins
- Dietary patterns
- Plant based diets: Cardiovascular risk factors
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Blood lipids
- Gut microbiome
- Inflammatory markers
- Endothelial function
- Plant-based diets: Ischemic heart disease
- Plant-based diets: Heart failure
- Plant-based diets: Stroke
- Plant-based diets: Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality
- Healthy vs. unhealthy plant-based diet
- Conclusion
- Section IX. Yoga for cardiovascular rehabilitation
- Chapter 27. Cardiac rehabilitation and yoga
- Introduction
- Cardiac rehabilitation
- Phases of cardiac rehabilitation
- Epidemiology
- Outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation
- Assessment of use of cardiac rehabilitation guidelines
- Global use of cardiac rehabilitation
- Yoga and cardiac rehabilitation research
- Yoga-CaRe trials
- Other trials including yoga with cardiac rehabilitation
- Cardiac rehabilitation with yoga—effects on quality of life
- Cardiac rehabilitation and yoga—neuroendocrine effects
- Cardiac rehabilitation and yoga—acceptability
- Review of cardiac rehabilitation and yoga
- Components of yoga-based cardiac rehabilitation
- Conclusion
- Chapter 28. Role of yoga in postcardiac surgery rehabilitation
- Introduction
- What is cardiac rehabilitation (CR)
- Epidemiology
- The number-1 killer in the modern era
- Modern reductionist approach in medicine: Historical perspective
- Why the world needs a newer holistic approach
- Inflammatory basis of CVD: Possible role of yoga including meditation
- An alternative holistic approach—Yoga, including meditation
- Recommended yoga based post cardiac surgery protocol
- Conclusion: Lessons drawn
- Chapter 29. The role of yoga in palliative care settings
- Introduction
- Definition and epidemiology
- Reasons for adopting complementary therapies
- Efficacy of complementary therapies in palliative care
- Rationale for adopting yoga as a therapy in palliative care
- Yoga in pain management
- Yoga to treat fatigue
- Yoga in cardiovascular disease
- Yoga in pulmonary health
- Yoga to relieve stress, anxiety, depression, and improve well-being
- Current role of yoga in palliative care settings
- Future directions
- Conclusions
- Clinical guidance
- Section X. Yoga for special populations
- Chapter 30. Yoga for addiction management
- Introduction
- History and science of the drug addiction cycle
- Epidemiology
- Role of yoga in addiction
- Mechanism of addiction and role of yoga at the neurophysiological level
- Yoga and the nervous system
- Yoga and nicotine-use disorders
- Yoga and alcohol-use disorders
- Yoga and opioids-use disorders
- Yoga and cocaine-use disorders
- Conclusion
- Chapter 31. Role of yoga in cardiovascular disease prevention in the Indian population
- Introduction
- Burden of CVD and its risk factors in India
- Smoking
- Dietary habits
- Physical activity
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- Cardiovascular disease prevention
- Physiological effects of yoga
- Clinical evidence
- Nonrandomized controlled trials
- The single-group studies
- The one-time studies
- Randomized controlled trials
- Yoga in primary prevention
- Yoga in secondary prevention
- Reduction in MACE
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Index
- No. of pages: 542
- Language: English
- Edition: 1
- Published: November 17, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Paperback ISBN: 9780323996457
- eBook ISBN: 9780323996464
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