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X-Ray Diffraction Topography

International Series in the Science of the Solid State

1st Edition - January 1, 1976

Author: B. K. Tanner

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 1 - 8 7 6 8 - 6

X-Ray Diffraction Topography presents an elementary treatment of X-ray topography which is comprehensible to the non-specialist. It discusses the development of the principles and… Read more

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X-Ray Diffraction Topography presents an elementary treatment of X-ray topography which is comprehensible to the non-specialist. It discusses the development of the principles and application of the subject matter. X-ray topography is the study of crystals which use x-ray diffraction. Some of the topics covered in the book are the basic dynamical x-ray diffraction theory, the Berg-Barrett method, Lang’s method, double crystal methods, the contrast on x-ray topography, and the analysis of crystal defects and distortions. The crystals grown from solution are covered. The naturally occurring crystals are discussed. The text defines the meaning of melt, solid state and vapour growth. An analysis of the properties of inorganic crystals is presented. A chapter of the volume is devoted to the characteristics of metals. Another section of the book focuses on the production of ice crystals and the utilization of oxides as laser materials. The book will provide useful information to chemists, scientists, students and researchers.

List of Symbols Commonly Used in the Text

Chapter 1 Basic Dynamical X-Ray Diffraction Theory

1.1. Fundamental Equations of the Dynamical Theory in a Perfect Crystal

1.2. The Dispersion Surface

1.3. Anomalous Transmission

1.4. Boundary Conditions

1.5 Energy Flow

1.6. Pendellosung

1.7. Range of Bragg Reflection

1.8. Generalized Diffraction Theory

1.9. Extension to Asymmetric Reflection

1.10. Analysis

References

Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques

2.1. Principles

2.2. The Berg-Barrett Method

2.2.1. Reflection

2.2.2. Transmission (Barth-Hosemann Geometry)

2.3. Lang's Technique

2.4. Experimental Procedures for Taking Lang Topographs

2.4.1. Setting up the Crystal

2.4.2. Setting up the Diffraction Vector in the Horizontal Plane

2.4.3 Finding the Bragg Reflection

2.4.4 Recording the Topograph

2.5. Topographic Resolution

2.5.1. Vertical Resolution

2.5.2. Horizontal Resolution

2.6 Photography

2.7. Enlargement of Topographs

2.8. Rapid High Resolution Topography

2.9. Direct Viewing of X-Ray Topographs

2.9.1. Direct Conversion

2.9.2. X-Ray to Optical Conversion

2.10. Double Crystal Topography

2.11. X-Ray Moire Topography and Interferometry

2.12. Synchrotron Topography

References

Appendix

Chapter 3 Contrast on X-Ray Topographs

3.1. Crystals Without Planar Or Line Defects

3.1.1. Pende110sung Fringes in Traverse Topographs

3.1.2. Pende1losung Fringes in Section Topographs

3.1.3. Energy Flow in Section Topographs

3.2. Dynamical Diffraction in Distorted Crystals

3.2.1. Small Distortions

3.2.2. Large Distortions

3.3. Contrast of Crystal Defects in Topographs

3.3.1. Dislocations in Section Topographs

3.3.2. Dislocations in Traverse Topographs

3.3.3. Contrast of Precipitates

3.3.4. Surface Damage

3.3.5. Contrast of Stacking Faults in Section Topographs

3.3.6. Contrast or Stacking Faults in Traverse Topographs

3.3.7. Contrast of Twins

3.3.8. Contrast of Magnetic Domains

3.3.9. Growth Bands

3.3.10. Contrast on a Non-Ideal Topograph

References

Appendix

Chapter 4 Analysis of Crystal Defects and Distortions

4.1. Dislocations

4.1.1. Analysis of Burgers Vectors

4.1.2. Study of the Early Stages of Plastic Deformation

4.1.3. Studies of Chemical Attack

4.1.4. Device Control

4.2. Planar Defects

4.2.1. Stacking Faults

4.2.2. Twins

4.2.3. Ferroelectric Domains

4.2.4. Magnetic Domains

4.2.5. Ion Implantation

References

Appendix

Chapter 5 Crystals Grown from Solution

5.1. Growth From Aqueous Solution

5.1.1. Dislocations in Solution-Grown Crystals

5.2. Hydrothermal Growth

5.3. Flux Growth

References

Appendix

Dislocations in Section Topographs

Chapter 6 Naturally Occurring Crystals

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Diamond

6.3. Quartz

6.4. Calcite, Magnesite, and Dolomite

6.5. Fluorite

6.6. Topaz and Apatite

6.7. Barite, Mica, and Ice

6.8. Resume

References

Appendix

Chapter 7 Melt, Solid State, and Vapor Growth

7.1. Melt Growth

7.1.1. Semiconductors

7.1.2. Metals

7.1.3. Oxides

7.1.4. Ice

7.2. Solid State Growth

7.3. Vapor Growth

7.3.1. Whiskers

7.3.2. Metals

7.3.3. Inorganic Crystals

References

Appendix

Index