Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff

2nd Edition - October 22, 2015

Author: Miklas Scholz

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 6 0 7 - 2

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 4 - 6 3 6 1 2 - 6

Wetlands for Water Pollution Control, Second Edition, covers the fundamental science and engineering principles relevant to the drainage and treatment of both storm and… Read more

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Wetlands for Water Pollution Control, Second Edition, covers the fundamental science and engineering principles relevant to the drainage and treatment of both storm and wastewater. Standard and novel design recommendations for predominantly constructed wetlands and related sustainable drainage systems are also provided to account for the interests of professional engineers and environmental scientists.

This revised edition deals with the design, operation, maintenance, and water quality monitoring of traditional and novel wetland systems, but also provides information on the analysis of asset performance and modeling of treatment processes, along with performances of existing infrastructures in predominantly developed, but also developing countries, and the sustainability and economic issues involved.

This new edition contains 10 new chapters, along with multidisciplinary, experimental, and modeling-orientated case study topics that include natural wetlands, constructed treatment wetlands for pollution control, sustainable drainage systems, and specific applications, such as wetlands treating hydrocarbon and ammonia, as well as ecological sanitation systems recycling treated.

About the Author
Preface
Acknowledgments and Dedications
Common Acronyms and Abbreviations
Chapter 1. Water Quality Standards
- 1.1. Introduction and Historical Aspects
- 1.2. Water Quality Standards and Treatment Objectives
- 1.3. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
- 1.4. Chemical Oxygen Demand
- 1.5. Other Variables Used for the Characterization of Wastewater
Chapter 2. Water Treatment
- 2.1. Sources of Water
- 2.2. Standard Water Treatment
- 2.3. Basic Water Chemistry
Chapter 3. Sewage Treatment
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Design Flow Rates
- 3.3. Treatment Principles
- 3.4. Engineering Classification of Sewage Treatment Stages
Chapter 4. Stream Pollution and Effluent Standards
- 4.1. Organic Stream Pollution
- 4.2. Prediction of Organic Stream Pollution
- 4.3. Effluent Discharge Standard Principles
Chapter 5. Preliminary Treatment
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Design of Screening Units
- 5.3. Design Details for Screening Units
- 5.4. Comminutors
- 5.5. Grit Removal
Chapter 6. Primary Treatment
- 6.1. Introduction
- 6.2. Loading Rate Methods
- 6.3. Tank Design
- 6.4. Design Parameters
- 6.5. Economics of Construction
- 6.6. Design Details
- 6.7. Hydraulic Losses
- 6.8. General Design Details
- 6.9. Details of Various Types of Sedimentation Tanks
- 6.10. Sedimentation Aids
Chapter 7. Coagulation and Flocculation
- 7.1. Theory of Settling
- 7.2. Classification of Settling Behavior
- 7.3. Ideal Settling
- 7.4. Introduction to Coagulation and Flocculation
- 7.5. Colloidal Suspensions
- 7.6. Coagulation Processes
- 7.7. Coagulation Chemicals
- 7.8. Operation of the Coagulation and Flocculation Process
- 7.9. Rapid Mixing
- 7.10. Flocculation
Chapter 8. Sludge Blanket Clarifiers
- 8.1. Introduction to Sludge Blanket Clarification Systems
- 8.2. Types of Sludge Blanket Clarifier
- 8.3. Plate Settling in Sludge Blanket Clarifiers
Chapter 9. Flotation Systems
- 9.1. Flotation Using Blown Air
- 9.2. Flotation Using Dissolved Air
- 9.3. Flotation Units
Chapter 10. Slow Filtration
- 10.1. Introduction
- 10.2. Slow Sand Filtration
- 10.3. Algal Actions
- 10.4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Chapter 11. Rapid Filtration
- 11.1. Elements of a Rapid Sand Filter
- 11.2. Sand Bed
- 11.3. Underdrain System
- 11.4. Hydraulics of Filtration
- 11.5. Comparison with Slow Sand Filter
Chapter 12. Biological Treatment
- 12.1. Aerobic Self-Purification
- 12.2. Waste Stabilization Ponds
Chapter 13. Biological Filtration
- 13.1. Introduction
- 13.2. Trickling Filter
- 13.3. Basic Ecology
- 13.4. Process Variants
- 13.5. Design of Biological Filters
Chapter 14. Rotating Biological Contactors
- 14.1. Introduction
- 14.2. Principles of Operation
- 14.3. Design and Loading Criteria
- 14.4. Principle Elements
- 14.5. Operational Problems
Chapter 15. Activated Sludge Processes
- 15.1. Background
- 15.2. Activated Sludge Process
- 15.3. Comparison between the Activated Sludge Process, Percolating Filtration, and Wetland System
- 15.4. Activated Sludge Process Types
- 15.5. Activated Sludge Process Designs and Kinetics
- 15.6. Summary of Key Process Design Criteria
Chapter 16. Iron and Manganese Removal
- 16.1. Introduction
- 16.2. Basic Removal Processes
- 16.3. Advanced Removal Processes
Chapter 17. Water Softening
- 17.1. Introduction
- 17.2. Lime-Soda Softening
- 17.3. Lime Softening
- 17.4. Excess Lime Softening
- 17.5. Lime Recovery
Chapter 18. Water Microbiology
- 18.1. Statistics for Applied Microbiology
- 18.2. Protozoa
- 18.3. Biological Effects of Organic Pollutants
- 18.4. Eutrophication and Water Treatment
- 18.5. Protozoology of Treatment Processes
- 18.6. Odor and Toxins of Natural Origin
- 18.7. Public Health Aspects
Chapter 19. Disinfection
- 19.1. Destroying Pathogens and Requirements of a Disinfectant
- 19.2. Traditional Methods of Disinfection
- 19.3. Ozone
- 19.4. Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorine as Disinfectants
- 19.5. Kinetics of Chlorination
- 19.6. Applications of Chlorine
- 19.7. Technology of Chlorine Addition
- 19.8. Advantages and Disadvantages of Chlorine
Chapter 20. Constructed Wetlands
- 20.1. Background
- 20.2. Definitions
- 20.3. Hydrology of Wetlands
- 20.4. Wetland Chemistry
- 20.5. Wetland Ecosystem Mass Balance
- 20.6. Macrophytes in Wetlands
- 20.7. Physical and Biochemical Parameters
- 20.8. Examples for Natural and Constructed Wetlands
Chapter 21. Sludge Treatment and Disposal
- 21.1. Introduction
- 21.2. Tests for Dewatering of Sludge
- 21.3. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Objectives and Methods
- 21.4. Treatment Processes
- 21.5. Thickening and Dewatering of Sludges
- 21.6. Partial Disposal
- 21.7. Land Dumping and Passive Treatment
Chapter 22. Wetlands Treating Contaminated Stream Water
- 22.1. Introduction
- 22.2. Materials and Methods
- 22.3. Results and Discussion
- 22.4. Conclusions
Chapter 23. Wetland Systems to Control Roof Runoff
- 23.1. Introduction
- 23.2. Methods
- 23.3. Results and Discussion
- 23.4. Conclusions
Chapter 24. Wetlands Treating Road Runoff
- 24.1. Introduction
- 24.2. Site, Materials, and Methodology
- 24.3. Experimental Results and Discussion
- 24.4. Conclusions and Further Work
Chapter 25. Combined Wetland and Below-ground Detention Systems
- 25.1. Introduction
- 25.2. Materials and Methods
- 25.3. Results and Discussion
- 25.4. Conclusions and Further Research
Chapter 26. Modeling of Constructed Wetland Performance
- 26.1. Introduction
- 26.2. Methodology and Software
- 26.3. Results and Discussion
- 26.4. Conclusions
Chapter 27. Infiltration Wetland Systems
- 27.1. Introduction
- 27.2. Methods
- 27.3. Results and Discussion
- 27.4. Conclusions
Chapter 28. Retrofitting of Sustainable Drainage Systems in the Presence of Vegetation
- 28.1. Introduction
- 28.2. Methodology
- 28.3. Results and Discussion
- 28.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 29. Expert Tool Based on Ecosystem Variables for Retrofitting of Wetland Systems
- 29.1. Introduction
- 29.2. Methodology
- 29.3. Results and Discussion
- 29.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 30. Sustainable Drainage System Model
- 30.1. Introduction
- 30.2. Sites, Methodology, and Modeling
- 30.3. Results and Discussion
- 30.4. Conclusions
Chapter 31. Natural Wetlands Treating Diffuse Pollution
- 31.1. Introduction
- 31.2. Materials and Methods
- 31.3. Results
- 31.4. Discussion
- 31.5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 32. Integrated Constructed Wetlands for Pollution Control
- 32.1. Introduction
- 32.2. Case Study Sites, Materials, and Methodologies
- 32.3. Results and Discussion
- 32.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 33. Infiltration and Contaminant Migration beneath Integrated Constructed Wetlands
- 33.1. Introduction
- 33.2. Case Study, Materials, and Methods
- 33.3. Results and Discussion
- 33.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 34. Seasonal Assessment of Vertical-Flow Wetlands Treating Domestic Wastewater
- 34.1. Introduction
- 34.2. Materials and Methods
- 34.3. Results and Discussion
- 34.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 35. Recycling of Domestic Wastewater Treated by Vertical-Flow Wetlands for Irrigation
- 35.1. Introduction
- 35.2. Methodology
- 35.3. Results and Discussion
- 35.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 36. Piggery Wastewater Treatment with Integrated Constructed Wetlands
- 36.1. Introduction
- 36.2. Site, Materials, and Methods
- 36.3. Results and Discussion
- 36.4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Chapter 37. Wetland Systems as Part of the Sustainable Flood Retention Basin Concept
- 37.1. Introduction
- 37.2. Assessment of Classification Variables
- 37.3. Conclusions and Recommendations for Further Work
Chapter 38. Classification of Sustainable Flood Retention Basins
- 38.1. Introduction to Traditional Classification
- 38.2. Traditional Methodology
- 38.3. Discussion of the Traditional Method
- 38.4. Introduction to Multilabel Classification
- 38.5. Data and Methodology
- 38.6. Experimental Results and Discussion
- 38.7. Representative Case Studies
- 38.8. Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Index

Miklas Scholz

DProf. Prof. Miklas Scholz, cand ing, BEng (equiv), PgC, MSc, PhD, DSc, CWEM, CEnv, CSci, CEng, FHEA, FIEMA, FCIWEM, FICE, Fellow of IWA, Fellow of IETI is a Senior Expert in Water Management at atene KOM, Germany and a Distinguished Professor at Johannesburg University, South Africa. Miklas holds the Chair in Civil Engineering as a Professor at The University of Salford, United Kingdom, and is a Senior Researcher at the South Ural State University, The Russian Federation. He is also a Technical Specialist for Nexus by Sweden and a Hydraulic Engineer at Kunststoff-Technik Adams, Germany. He has published 8 books and 314 journal articles. Prof. Scholz has total citations of about 13718 (8569 citations since 2018), resulting in an h-index of 57 and an i10-Index of 227. He belongs to the top 2% academics regarding the i10-index in the past five years. Miklas also belongs to the World's Top 2% Scientists by Stanford University. A bibliometric analysis of all constructed wetland-related publications and corresponding authors with a minimum number of 20 publications and 100 citations indicates that Miklas is on place 5 in the world of about 70 authors (including those who have sadly passed away). In 2019, Prof. Scholz was awarded EURO 7M for the EU H2020 REA project Water Retention and Nutrient Recycling in Soils and Streams for Improved Agricultural Production (WATERAGRI). He received EURO 1.52M for the JPI Water 2018 project Research-based Assessment of Integrated approaches to Nature-based SOLUTIONS (RAINSOLUTIONS).

Author's expertise:

Sustainability; civil engineering; environmental engineering; agricultural engineering; environmental science; water resources engineering; agricultural water management; nature-based solution; pollution control; biological filtration; wastewater treatment; decision support system; treatment wetland; integrated constructed wetland; engineering hydrology; storm water management; sustainable flood retention basin; dam risk failure; sustainable drainage system; climate change adaptation; permeable pavement system; pond; capillary suction time.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Expert, atene KOM, Berlin, Germany. Distinguished Professor, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. Professor, The University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom. Hydraulic Engineer, Kunststoff-Technik Adams, Elsfleth, Germany. Technical Specialist, Nexus by Sweden, Västerås, Sweden. Senior Researcher, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, The Russian Federation.