Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes

Quantity, Quality, and Security

1st Edition - October 21, 2024
Editors: Manish Kumar, Vivek Agarwal, Rachel L Gomes, Durga Prasad Panday
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 4 9 9 - 8
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 1 4 8 9 - 9

Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes: Quantity, Quality, and Security presents a study for the mitigation of hydrological extremes through case studies. The focus is on… Read more

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Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes: Quantity, Quality, and Security presents a study for the mitigation of hydrological extremes through case studies. The focus is on the effect of extremes on water quality and the fate of geogenic, microbial, anthropogenic pollutants in the water cycle, and the interaction of water quality and quantity variations. The book integrates rapidly growing diverse topics, such as co-occurrence variation in water quantity and quality, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. Stakeholders’ participation and raising awareness for sustainable management strategies for hydrological extremes and water management systems is also covered.

This thorough guide serves as a pillar to postgraduate students and researchers as it’s centered on discovering remediation and natural attenuation of hydrological extremes with a special emphasis on present and future challenges.

Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Section 1: Present and historical approach
Chapter 1 How much is too much or too little? Decadal climatic variation in the 21st century
Abstract
Graphical Abstract:
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Linking magnitude and intensity to “how much is too much”
2.1 SPI and drought monitoring
2.2 The paradox of SPI
2.3 How much is too much: Lenses of return periods, and Probable Maximum Flood
3 Perturbations due to climate change and their implications
3.1 Effect on weather and circulation patterns and extreme events
3.2 Effect on hydrological cycle
3.3 Effect on weathering, and biogeochemical cycles
3.4 Biological impacts
3.5 Gender inequality
4 Components of decadal changes in climate
5 Summary
References
Chapter 2 Spatio-temporal variation in the water cycle: Case studies of different geographical locations
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Spatio-temporal water cycle variations in different geographical locations
2.1 Asia
2.2 Australia and Africa
2.3 Europe
2.4 Arctic and Antarctic circle
3 Conclusion and discussion
References
Chapter 3 Hydrological modeling on spatio-temporal variation
Abstract
Keywords
Declaration of competing interest
1 Introduction
2 Material and methodology
2.1 Study area
2.2 Datasets
2.3 Image processing
2.4 Calculation of NDWI
2.5 Land use mapping
3 Result and discussion
3.1 Changes that occurred during 2015 to 2022
4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Unveiling the flow: A comprehensive exploration of virtual water trade globally and in India
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Virtual water trade
3 Global VWT research trends
4 VWT research in India
5 Recommendations
6 Conclusion
References
Section 2: Climate extremes: Dimensions
Chapter 5 Statistical variability of precipitation and the detection approaches
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Precipitation variability
2.1 Natural factors
2.2 Anthropogenic factors
3 Statistical methods for analyzing precipitation variability
3.1 Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation trends
3.2 Analysis of long-term observational data
4 Detection approaches for precipitation changes
4.1 Satellite-based approaches for monitoring precipitation
4.2 Use of machine learning techniques for precipitation trend detection
5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Role of climatic extremes in planning of water supply system (WSS)
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Necessity of WSS planning
1.2 Planning of WSS
2 Existing standards for planning of water supply schemes
2.1 Integrated approaches in planning of WSS
3 Impacts of disruption of WSS on human life
4 Climatic extremes influencing the WSS
4.1 Temperature and evaporation
4.2 Precipitation and moisture
4.3 Floods
4.4 Droughts
4.5 Groundwater, ET and snowmelt
4.6 Stream flow and oceans
5 Socioeconomic factors
6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Understanding the spatiotemporal influence of hydrological extremes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Spatiotemporal influence of floods
3 Spatiotemporal influence of droughts
4 Conclusions
Data availability
References
Chapter 8 Relationship of water supply, irrigation, and droughts: Overview and synthesis
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Data used and methodology
2.1 Data used
2.2 Methods used
3 Results and discussions
3.1 River basins and area under irrigation
3.2 Temporal changes in irrigated area (1950–2023)
3.3 Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and drought propagation
4 Conclusions
Conflict of interest
References
Section 3: Quality-quantity bridge
Chapter 9 Climate change, pollution, urbanization, and pandemic in the context of hydrological extremes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Climate change and hydrological extremes
2.1 Importance of climate on precipitation patterns and frequency of extreme weather events
2.2 Examples of climate change-induced hydrological extremes around the world
3 Pollution and hydrological extremes
3.1 Types and impacts of water pollution on hydrological systems
3.2 Understanding hydrological extremes: Causes, effects, and consequences
3.3 Hydrological models for pollution management
4 Urbanization and hydrological extremes
4.1 Urbanization factors that influence hydrological extremes
4.2 Urbanization and extreme precipitation
5 Pandemic and hydrological extremes
5.1 Impact of pandemics on water supply and sanitation systems
5.2 Influence of pandemics on the occurrence and management of hydrological extremes
5.3 Case studies of pandemics and hydrological extremes
6 Integrated approaches to managing hydrological extremes
6.1 Case studies of integrated approaches to managing hydrological extremes
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Effects of anthropogenic imprints on water sustainability and hydrological extreme events
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Historical and preindustrial age perspectives
2.1 Indirect anthropogenic drivers
2.2 Direct anthropogenic influences
3 The modern age post industrialization
3.1 Groundwater abstraction
3.2 Untreated wastewater/inefficiently treated wastewater and atmospheric depositions
3.3 Land use and land cover changes (LULCC)
4 Role of anthropogenic imprints on extreme hydrological events and their impact on water sustainability
5 Human interventions for resilience against extreme hydrological events for sustainability of aquatic resources
5.1 Smart cities
5.2 Nature-associated and NBS
5.3 GIS and remote sensing
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11 Flood-resilient water supply and sanitation systems: Global case studies
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Floods
2.1 Definition
2.2 Impact of floods
2.3 Factors influencing the impact of floods
3 Flood resilience
3.1 Why is flood resilience necessary?
3.2 How to build flood resilience?
4 Case studies
4.1 Bangladesh
4.2 Leyte, Philippines
4.3 Sri Lanka
4.4 Bangkok, Thailand
4.5 Wuhan, China
4.6 Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, India
5 Overview of flood-resilient water supply and sanitation infrastructure
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12 A probable framework for flood-induced risk evaluation for water supply, sanitation and hygiene
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Research gaps and objectives
2.1 Research gaps
2.2 Objectives
3 Impact of floods on water, sanitation, and hygiene systems
3.1 Water supply contamination
3.2 Sanitation infrastructure damage
3.3 Hygiene disruption
4 Flood-induced risk evaluation for WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene): A global and Indian perspective
5 Comprehensive framework for assessing and mitigating flood impact on WASH systems
5.1 Hazard identification and vulnerability assessment
5.2 Impact analysis
5.3 Risk evaluation
5.4 Mitigation and adaptation strategies
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 The impacts of drought on the available water quality
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Water quality parameters
2.1 Physical parameters
2.2 Chemical parameters
2.3 Biological parameters
3 Impact of drought on water quality
3.1 Water quality changes due to drought: Mechanisms
3.2 Impact on different parameters
4 Overall view of the effects of hydrological drought on water quality
5 Conclusion
References
Section 4: Sustainability
Chapter 14 United nations sustainable development goals in the context of hydrological extremes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Observed and projected effects of climate change
3 Impact of disaster on WASH services
4 Existing rural water supply technologies
4.1 Floods and flash floods
4.2 Landslides
4.3 Drought
4.4 Source of drinking water supply
4.5 Uttaranchal Koop
5 Impacts of innovative technologies in terms of quality, social and economy
6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Stakeholders participation and groundwater management: Raising the awareness
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Challenges and opportunities for stakeholder participation in groundwater management
2.1 Lack of awareness and understanding among stakeholders
2.2 Limited stakeholder engagement and representation
2.3 Institutional and governance barriers
2.4 Opportunities for enhancing stakeholder participation
3 Benefits of stakeholder participation in sustainable groundwater management
3.1 Improved decision-making and policy development
3.2 Enhanced resource sustainability and protection
3.3 Increased social acceptance and legitimacy
3.4 Strengthened capacity for adaptive management
4 Strategies for raising awareness among stakeholders
4.1 Communication and education approaches
4.2 Targeted outreach programs and campaigns
4.3 Use of technology and social media
4.4 Collaboration with local communities and organizations
5 Building trust and collaboration among stakeholders
5.1 Importance of trust in stakeholder relationships
5.2 Conflict resolution and consensus-building mechanisms
5.3 Collaborative governance models and platforms
5.4 Promoting transparency and accountability
6 Policy recommendations and best practices for stakeholder participation
6.1 Legal and regulatory frameworks for stakeholder involvement
6.2 Integration of stakeholder perspectives in decision-making processes
6.3 Capacity-building and training programs for stakeholders
6.4 Monitoring and evaluation of stakeholder engagement initiatives
7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16 Options and strategies for managing droughts: Case studies from agro-ecological regions
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Data and methodology
3 Results and discussions
3.1 Drought incidence, trends, and impacts
3.2 Effectiveness of drought management strategies
4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 17 Exploring the role of digital technologies in promoting circular economy practices in the Indian agriculture sector
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Research objectives
1.3 Research questions
2 Literature review
2.1 Circular economy in agriculture
2.2 Digital technologies and agriculture
2.3 Integration of digital technologies in circular economy practices
2.4 Benefits of digital technologies in the Indian agriculture sector
2.5 Challenges and barriers
3 Methodology
3.1 Research design
3.2 Data collection
3.3 Data analysis
4 Case studies
4.1 Case study 1: IoT and resource efficiency
4.2 Case study 2: Blockchain and transparent supply chains
4.3 Case study 3: Mobile applications for knowledge dissemination
4.4 Case study 4: Data analytics for decision-making
5 Findings and discussion
5.1 Resource efficiency and waste reduction
5.2 Transparent and trustworthy supply chains
5.3 Knowledge dissemination and empowerment
5.4 Data-driven decision-making
6 Implications and opportunities
6.1 Policy implications
6.2 Economic implications
6.3 Social implications
6.4 Environmental implications
7 Challenges and limitations
7.1 Access and infrastructure
7.2 Digital literacy
7.3 Inclusivity and equity
8 Conclusions
8.1 Summary of findings
8.2 Recommendations for future research
8.3 Practical implications
References
Index

Manish Kumar

Manish Kumar is a professor and head of the ‘Sustainability Cluster’ at School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, India. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC). He earned his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the University of Tokyo, Japan. He has been the recipient of Water Advanced Research and Innovation (WARI) Fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) foreign research fellowship, Brain Korea (BK)-21 post-doctoral fellowship, Monbukagakusho scholarship, Linnaeus-Palme stipend from SIDA, Sweden, and Research Fellowship from CSIR, India and others. He supervised 8 Ph.D. thesis and published >150 international peer-reviewed journal papers, and has 20+ years’ research/teaching experience with H-index =43, i10-index=124 with total citation (~7000)-Google Scholar. He is the core committee member of the International Water Association (IWA)-India Chapter. He is the one of the illustrious members of global collaboration on wastewater-based epidemiology of COVID-19.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and head, Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India

Vivek Agarwal

Vivek Agarwal is currently employed as Lecturer at the School of Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom. Before this, he pursued his PhD from the University of Nottingham in Geospatial Environment Engineering. His thesis title was “Study of groundwater properties and behavior using geospatial tools”, and he was awarded “the best PhD Thesis award” for his doctoral thesis. Dr. Agarwal has published 10+ international publications. He has a wide-ranging research interest in subjects related to civil engineering and interdisciplinary areas. His expertise is in remote sensing, GIS, water supply, hydraulics, fluid mechanics, water quality and sewage pollution. He intends to combine NASA’s GRACE gravity anomalies relating and InSAR land subsidence data relating them to groundwater quantity and quality variations. The aim of the research is to find solutions to the Climate Emergency by better understanding and managing the earth’s groundwater resources.

Affiliations and expertise

Lecturer, School of Engineering, Northumbria University, New Castle, United Kingdom

Rachel L Gomes

Rachel Gomes is a Professor in Chemical and Environmental Engineering with research into intelligent resource use in process environments, with a particular focus on waste/water treatment, water reuse, and process manufacturing for emerging pollutants and pollutant-to-product opportunities. She is head of the Food, Water, Waste (FWW) Research Group and leads the University of Nottingham Interdisciplinary Research Cluster, Water Works. Prof. Rachel has a PhD from Imperial College London and received the Wellcome Trust Value in People Award and was one of the '100 women, 100 visions' celebrating women scientists and engineers. Prof. Rachel has several funding portfolios from Research Councils, Charities and Industry Prof. Rachel have expertise in process resilience, circular economy, wastewater treatment, process manufacture, analytics, and modelling. She has been recognized with an MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)) for her services to research and to education in the 2022 Birthday Honors List.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Food Water Waste Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

Durga Prasad Panday

Durga Prasad Panday is a faculty at Sustainability Cluster, UPES. He is a post-graduate in Water Resources Engineering from IIT Delhi. He has twice qualified the GATE exam with 99 percentiles. He has published several research articles including journal papers, book chapters and conference proceedings. His area of interest is Water resources modelling, Hydroclimatic extremes, Game-theoretic conflict resolution techniques, watershed management, water quality modelling and GIS. He has a teaching experience of 7 years. He is actively engaged in consultancy works in water resources and quality modelling.

Affiliations and expertise

Faculty, Sustainable Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India

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Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes

Quantity, Quality, and Security

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Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Manish Kumar

Vivek Agarwal

Rachel L Gomes

Durga Prasad Panday