Waste Biorefinery

Value Addition through Resource Utilization

1st Edition - February 24, 2021
Editors: Thallada Bhaskar, Sunita Varjani, Ashok Pandey, Eldon R. Rene
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 8 7 9 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 8 9 4 - 5

Waste Biorefinery: Value Addition through Resources Utilization provides scientific and technical information surrounding the most advanced and innovative processing technolog… Read more

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Waste Biorefinery: Value Addition through Resources Utilization provides scientific and technical information surrounding the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. The book covers recent developments and achievements in the field of biochemical, thermo-chemical and hybrid methods and the necessities and potentials generated by different kinds of residual streams, including biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. An assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries illustrate the topics presented, covering energy, chemicals, fuels, food for animal recovery from different waste matrices, and more.

Finally, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy demand, government policies, environmental impacts and education in bioenergy. This book will serve as an excellent resource for science graduates, chemical engineers, environmental engineers, biotechnologists and industrial experts in these areas.

Cover
Title page
Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1: Advanced estimation and control schemes for biorefinery plants
Abstract
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Basic problems of bioprocess control and estimation
1.3. Innovative estimation and control strategies for a biorefinery plant
1.4. Case studies and simulation results
1.5. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgment
Chapter 2: Wastewater treatment and resource recovery: an essential component for biorefineries
Abstract
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Global status of 1G ethanol
2.3. State of 1G ethanol in India
2.4. Wastewater from 1G ethanol process
2.5. Conventional treatment scheme for molasses-based 1G ethanol wastewater
2.6. Advanced oxidation processes
2.7. AOP for biomethanated distillery effluent
2.8. 2G Ethanol
2.9. Characteristics of wastewater streams from the 2G ethanol process
2.10. 2G ethanol wastewater treatment options
2.11. Conclusion and perspectives
Acknowledgment
Chapter 3: Environmental impact assessment of wastewater based biorefinery for the recovery of energy and valuable bio-based chemicals in a circular bioeconomy
Abstract
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Biorefinery and circular bioeconomy—current scenario
3.3. Types of biorefineries
3.4. Global water cycle and generation of wastewater
3.5. Wastewater biorefineries and circular bioeconomy: current perspectives
3.6. Biorefinery-based energy, nutrients, and organic matter recovery
3.7. Biorefineries for circular bioeconomy toward sustainable society
3.8. Components of circular bioeconomy
3.9. Self-sustainable aquatic biorefinery: closing the loop
3.10. Case studies
3.11. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgment
Chapter 4: Bioreactors for wastewater to energy conversion: from pilot to full scale experiences
Abstract
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Anaerobic bioreactors for industrial wastewater treatment
4.3. Study cases: from pilot to full scale experience
4.4. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 5: Sugarcane-based ethanol biorefineries with bioenergy production from bagasse: thermodynamic, economic, and emissions assessments
Abstract
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Sugarcane processing
5.3. Sugar and ethanol production processes
5.4. Sugarcane-based autonomous ethanol distillery—the Base-Case
5.5. Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in sugarcane biorefineries
5.6. BECCS potential of large-scale sugarcane biorefineries—the BECCS-Case
5.7. Carbon balance and BECCS potential assessment
5.8. Water balance and water demand assessment
5.9. Thermodynamic assessment via maximum power production of biorefineries
5.10. Economic assessment and money-equivalent flows
5.11. Legislations and policies related to bioenergy in Brazil
5.12. Sugarcane biorefinery: a successful story in the Brazilian economy
5.13. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 6: Production of volatile fatty acids in biorefineries
Abstract
6.1. Introduction
6.2. VFAs as chemical building blocks
6.3. Microbial production of VFAs by pure cultures
6.4. VFAs production through anaerobic digestion using mixed cultures
6.5. Substrates for VFAs production
6.6. Composition of VFAs
6.7. Products recovery
6.8. Conclusions and perspectives
Chapter 7: Production of nutraceutical astaxanthin from waste resources
Abstract
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Sources of astaxanthin
7.3. Phaffia rhodozyma as a potential source of astaxanthin
7.4. Importance of fermentation conditions in intracellular astaxanthin accumulation
7.5. Extraction of astaxanthin from microbial cells
7.6. Astaxanthin production from waste carbon sources using Phaffia rhodozyma
7.7. Intensification of fermentation with ultrasound
7.8. Intensification of intracellular astaxanthin accumulation using bath sonication
7.9. Effective extraction of intracellular astaxanthin using probe sonication
7.10. Recent patents on astaxanthin production from Phaffia rhodozyma
7.11. Conclusion and perspectives
Chapter 8: Municipal solid waste biorefinery for sustainable production of bioenergy
Abstract
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Current scenario of MSW generation and management
8.3. Types of waste-based biorefineries
8.4. Overview of bioenergy and biofuel production from MSW in biorefinery concept
8.5. Current challenges faced by the MSW biorefinery sector
8.6. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 9: Valorization of solid and liquid wastes from palm oil industry
Abstract
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Integrated concept of palm oil industrial processing
9.3. Characterization of palm wastes and its potential use as raw materials
9.4. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic palm oil wastes
9.5. Production of value-added biomolecules
9.6. Bioeconomy and sustainability
9.7. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 10: Leather industry waste based biorefinery
Abstract
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Tannery solid waste
10.3. Tannery wastewater
10.4. Opportunities and challenges
10.5. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgment
Chapter 11: Production of renewable products from brewery spent grains
Abstract
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Brewer’s spent grains as a renewable source of bioproducts
11.3. The biorefinery concept based on BSG: challenges and advances
11.4. Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of biorefineries based on brewery spent grains
11.5. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 12: Small-scale biorefineries based on plantain and avocado residues
Abstract
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Biorefineries: definition, classification, and design
12.3. Conceptual design of biorefineries
12.4. Integration concept in biorefineries
12.5. Biorefineries as the basis for bioeconomy and sustainable development
12.6. Residues in Colombia as a study case. Plantain and avocado
12.7. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 13: Petroleum waste biorefinery: A way towards circular economy
Abstract
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Petroleum industry process and waste generation
13.3. Petroleum waste resource recovery strategy
13.4. Operational challenges and recommendations
13.5. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 14: Current trends and prospects of transforming food waste to biofuels in India
Abstract
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Statistical data on food waste
14.3. Causes for food waste
14.4. Methods of disposal
14.5. Rules and national missions on waste management
14.6. Current trends of transforming food waste to biofuels in India
14.7. Opportunities in the field of transforming food waste to biofuels in India
14.8. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15: Food waste biorefinery: case study in China for enhancing the emerging bioeconomy
Abstract
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Food waste biorefinery in the circular economy
15.3. Theoretical aspects related to bioconversion processes and bio-products of food waste: a brief overview
15.4. Review development reasoning and criterion integrated bioprocesses
15.5. A comprehensive review of environmental assessments of aerobic and anaerobic digestion-based plants for FW biorefinery
15.6. Biorefinery and bioeconomy
15.7. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 16: Municipal solid waste biorefineries: A case study in China
Abstract
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Municipal solid waste biorefinery case studies and circular bioeconomy
16.3. Bioconversion processes and bio-products of municipal solid waste: a brief overview
16.4. Products and applications
16.5. Current challenges
16.6. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 17: Food waste biorefinery: A case study for spent coffee grounds (SCGs) into bioactive compounds across the European Union
Abstract
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Structure of a SCG biorefinery in the EU
17.3. Potentiality for SCGs valorization
17.4. Challenges and opportunities
17.5. Conclusions and perspectives
Chapter 18: Cascading bioenergy systems for sustainable biofuel production by integrating biological and thermochemical technologies
Abstract
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Cascading bioenergy systems
18.3. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Chapter 19: Clean biological hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cell
Abstract
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Basics of microbial electrolysis cells
19.3. Performance of microbial electrolysis cells
19.4. Catalysts used in of microbial electrolysis cells
19.5. Electrode material used in microbial electrolysis cells
19.6. Reactors operation in microbial electrolysis cells
19.7. Applications of microbial electrolysis cells
19.8. Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
Index

Thallada Bhaskar

Dr Thallada Bhaskar, Senior Scientist, is currently heading the Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD) at CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India. He received Ph D for his work at CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) from Osmania University, Hyderabad in the year 1999. He carried out Postdoctoral Research at Okayama University, Okayama, Japan after which he joined as Research Assistant Professor and taught catalysis, chemical kinetics and thermodynamics for ~7 years. He has about 90 publications in journals of international repute, contributed 10 book chapters to renowned publishers (ACS, Elsevier, Woodhead Publishing, CRC Press etc) and 11 patents to his in his field of expertise in addition to 250 national and international symposia presentations. His 20 years of research experience cover various fields of science revolving around his expertise in heterogeneous catalysis thermo-chemical conversion of biomass, waste plastics and e-waste plastics into value added hydrocarbons. He has prepared several catalysts and thrown a light on the structure activity relationships of novel catalytic materials for hydrotreatment of fossil based crudes. His contributions to the field of sustainable hydrocarbons are in the form of process knowhow and catalyst developments. His patents and publications discuss crucial points encompassing wide areas of thermo-catalytic conversion like pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction for biomass (agricultural, forest residues and aquatic biomass) and plastic waste (industrial and e-waste) conversion. In addition he worked on developing micro-channel reactors for several chemical reactions and separation processes. His other interests include utilization of non-conventional energies for the sustainable production of hydrocarbons utilizing the polymeric wastes available which will make the thermo-chemical methods of conversion more energy efficient. In view of his expertise, he is on the editorial board of 2 international peer reviewed journals and expert member of several committees. He received the Distinguished Researcher award from AIST (2013), Japan and Most Progressive Researcher award from FSRJ, Japan (2008). He is also the Fellow of Biotech Research Society of India and member of the Governing Council. He received the Raman Research Fellowship for the year 2013-14. He was also a JSPS Visiting Scientist to Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan during 2009. He has carried out several research projects with great success with national and international collaborators. He has organized several international symposia in India and abroad in this area and visited several countries to deliver invited/ plenary lectures.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Scientist, Thermo-catalytic Processes Area, Bio-Fuels Division (BFD), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, India

Sunita Varjani

Dr. Sunita Varjani is Scientific Officer at Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Her major areas of research are Industrial and Environmental Microbiology/Biotechnology. She has worked as visiting scientist at EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Varjani has authored more than 110 publications, including research and review papers, books and book chapters. She has won several awards, including Young Scientist Awards from Association of Microbiologists of India, International Society for Energy, Environment and Sustainability and AFRO-ASIAN Congress on Microbes for Human and Environmental Health, New Delhi; Top Reviewer Award - 2017, Bioresource Technology, Elsevier and Best Paper Awards in national and international conferences in 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2018. She is member of editorial board of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability and has served as guest editor of special issues of Bioresource Technology, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, ASCE- Journal of Environmental Engineering and others. She is Management Council Member of the BRSI (www.brsi.in).

Affiliations and expertise

Scientific Officer, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

Ashok Pandey

Prof. Ashok Pandey is currently Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow. His major research and technological development interests are industrial and environmental biotechnology and energy biosciences, focusing on biomass to biofuels and chemicals, waste to wealth and energy, etc.

Affiliations and expertise

Executive Director, Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability-India, Lucknow, India

Eldon R. Rene

Eldon R. Rene is Senior Lecturer at IHE-Delft, Institute of Water Education, The Netherlands. He has a PhD in Chemical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Madras (India). Eldon’s broad research interests are related to the development of biological treatment processes for wastewater and waste-gas treatment, resource recovery, and the use of artificial intelligence tools for environmental monitoring and environmental process control. He is the Managing Editor of the journal ‘’Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology’’, the Associate Editor of ‘’Journal of Environmental Engineering (ASCE)’’ and the editorial board of ‘’Bioresource Technology Reports’’. He has over 250 publications and conference communications, which include 2 books, 160 original and review papers, 26 book chapters, 10 journal special issues and 7 conference monographs. Eldon is the two time recipient of the ‘’Young Scientist Award’’ conferred by the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering Conference (CESE) organizers in Sydney (Australia) and Kaohsiung (Taiwan), respectively. Previously, for his post-doctoral research stays, he was awarded the ‘’Juan de la Cierva’’ fellowship by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain), and the ‘’Brain Korea 20 (BK20) Fellowship’’ from the South Korean government. For the years 2018 and 2019, he has recently been awarded the Research Fund for International Young Scientists by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). As a part of his educational campaign and capacity building activities on improving scientific writing skills for non-english speaking researchers, he regularly conducts scientific writing workshop at major conferences, especially, if they are held in developing countries. Since 2016, he has taught more than 700 MS, PhD students and young staff members during specialized events/workshops. He is also affiliated as a life member at the International Forum on Industrial Bioprocesses (IFIBiop).

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Lecturer, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands

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Waste Biorefinery

Value Addition through Resource Utilization

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Thallada Bhaskar

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