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Vitamin D Hormone

1st Edition - January 30, 2016

Editor: Gerald Litwack

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 4 8 2 4 - 5

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 0 5 2 4 0 - 2

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Series provides up-to-date information on vitamin and hormone… Read more

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First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press.

The Series provides up-to-date information on vitamin and hormone research spanning data from molecular biology to the clinic. A volume can focus on a single molecule or on a disease that is related to vitamins or hormones. A hormone is interpreted broadly so that related substances, such as transmitters, cytokines, growth factors and others can be reviewed.

This volume focuses on vitamin D hormone.

Former Editors
Preface
Chapter One: Vitamin D: Historical Overview
- Abstract
- 1 The Discovery of Vitamin D
- 2 The Discovery of the Physiological Functions of Vitamin D
- 3 The Discovery of the Hormonal Form of Vitamin D
- 4 The Isolation of the Final Active Form of Vitamin D
- 5 Discovery of the Vitamin D Endocrine System (Fig. 5)
- 6 Other Metabolism of Vitamin D
- 7 Discovery of the Vitamin D Receptor
Chapter Two: Genomic Determinants of Vitamin D-Regulated Gene Expression
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals New Concepts in Vitamin D Action
- 3 Novel Principles of Vitamin D Action
- 4 The Influence of Cellular Differentiation on Vitamin D Activity
- 5 VDR Modulates Histone Acetylation at Target Genes
- 6 Summary
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Three: Inhibitors for the Vitamin D Receptor–Coregulator Interaction
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Peptide-Based Inhibitors of the VDR–Coregulator Interaction
- 3 Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the VDR–Coregulator Interaction
- 4 VDR Antagonists or Allosteric Inhibition of the VDR–Coregulators Interaction
- 5 Conclusion and Future Directions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Four: Structural Studies of Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor Ligand-Binding Properties
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Crystal Structures of VDR LBD in Complex with 1,25(OH)₂D₃
- 3 Secosteroidal Derivatives of 1,25(OH)₂D₃
- 4 Synthetic Mimics of 1,25(OH)₂D₃
- 5 Crystal Structures of VDR LBD with Lithocholic Acid
- 6 Crystal Structures of HVDRR-Associated VDR Mutants
- 7 Dynamic Process of Ligand Binding
- 8 Conclusion and Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Five: Crystal Structure of the Vitamin D Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain with Lithocholic Acids
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Lithocholic Acids
- 3 Structures of the VDR LBD with LCAs
- 4 Mechanism of Agonist Activities of LCA to VDR
- 5 Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter Six: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D₃ 24-Hydroxylase: A Key Regulator of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ Catabolism and Calcium Homeostasis
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction and Catalytic Properties
- 2 CYP24A1 Gene and Crystal Structure of CYP24A1
- 3 Cyp24a1-Null Mice
- 4 Genetic Defect in CYP24A1: A Cause of Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia
- 5 Regulation of CYP24A1
- 6 Aging and CYP24A1
- 7 Placental CYP24A1
- 8 Genomic Mechanisms Mediating 1,25(OH)₂D₃ Regulation of CYP24A1
- 9 Conclusion and Future Directions
- Acknowledgment
Chapter Seven: Analogs of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ in Clinical Use
- Abstract
- 1 Discovery of the Vitamin D Endocrine System
- 2 Vitamin D Metabolites
- 3 Precursors to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃
- 4 Analogs of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃
- 5 Functions of Vitamin D Beyond Bone, Parathyroid, Calcium, and Phosphorus
Chapter Eight: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Klotho: A Tale of Two Renal Hormones Coming of Age
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
- 3 Klotho
- 4 Conclusion and Future Directions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Nine: Hedgehog and Vitamin D Signaling Pathways in Development and Disease
- Abstract
- 1 The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
- 2 Vitamin D Metabolism and Regulation
- 3 Vitamin D/Hh Pathway Regulation in the Skin
- 4 Inhibition of Hh Signaling by Vitamin D-Based Small Molecules
- 5 Discussion and Conclusions
Chapter Ten: Molecular Approaches for Optimizing Vitamin D Supplementation
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 A View from Evolution
- 3 Vitamin D and the Epigenome
- 4 Molecular Insight from Vitamin D Intervention Trials
- 5 Consequences for Vitamin D Supplementation
- 6 Conclusion and Future Directions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Eleven: The Role of Vitamin D₃ in the Development and Neuroprotection of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Vitamin D₃
- 3 Vitamin D₃ and Health
- 4 Vitamin D₃ in the Central Nervous System
- 5 Vitamin D and Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease
- 6 Future Developments and Applications to Parkinson's Disease
Chapter Twelve: Vitamin D and Cardiac Differentiation
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Calcitriol and CVD
- 3 Calcitriol Is Critical in the Modulation and Maintenance of Heart Cell Structure and Function
- 4 Noncanonical Wnt11 Signaling and Cardiogenesis
- 5 1,25-Vitamin D₃ Promotes Cardiac Differentiation Through Modulation of the Wnt Signaling Pathway
- 6 Regulation of Cardiac Function Through Inhibition of Wnt Signaling Pathway
- 7 Conclusion and Future Directions
Chapter Thirteen: Vitamin D in Prostate Cancer
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Vitamin D Metabolism: Synthesis, Degradation, Relevance to Prostate Cancer
- 3 VDR-Regulated Gene Transcription: Ligand Specificity, DNA Response Elements, Domain-Induced Allostery
- 4 Inhibition of Prostate Cancer by Vitamin D: Insights from Cell Culture and Preclinical Studies, and Clinical Trials
- 5 Functional Interplay of AR and VDR in Prostate Cancer: Impact on Cell Growth and Intracrine Androgen Biosynthesis
- 6 Summary and Future Possibilities
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Fourteen: Metabolism and Action of 25-Hydroxy-19-nor-Vitamin D₃ in Human Prostate Cells
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The Chemistry and Synthetic Schemes for 25-Hydroxy-19-nor-Vitamin D₃
- 3 19-nor-Vitamin D₃ Analogs as Therapeutic Agent for Human Prostate Cancer
- 4 The Biological Activities of 25-Hydroxy-19-nor-Vitamin D₃
- 5 The Metabolism of 25-Hydroxy-19-nor-Vitamin D₃ in Prostate Cells
- 6 Novel Mechanism of Action of 25-Hydroxy-19-nor-Vitamin D₃
- 7 Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter Fifteen: Vitamin D Analogs with Nitrogen Atom at C2 Substitution and Effect on Bone Formation
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Synthesis of New VDR Ligands: (Heteroaryl)ethyl Group at C2α
- 3 Synthesis of New VDR Ligands: Cyanoalkyl or Cyanoalkoxy Group at C2α and C2β
- 4 Biological Activity of New VDR Ligands
- 5 New Ligands Bound to hVDR: X-Ray Cocrystallographic Analyses
- 6 Summary
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Sixteen: Mechanistic Insights of Vitamin D Anticancer Effects
- Abstract
- 1 Overview of Vitamin D Anticancer Effects
- 2 Epidemiological Studies
- 3 Experimental Studies
- 4 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
Chapter Seventeen: Vitamin D Signaling Modulators in Cancer Therapy
- Abstract
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Vitamin D Receptor and 1,25D₃ Signaling
- 3 Glucocorticoid, 1,25D₃-Mediated Antitumor Effect and Hypercalcemia
- 4 GR and VDR Signaling
- 5 Regulation of CYP24A1 Expression
- 6 CYP24A1 Expression in Cancer
- 7 CYP24A1 Inhibitors
- 8 Vitamin D Analogs
- 9 Conclusions
Index