Vitamin B12

1st Edition, Volume 119 - March 23, 2022
Editor: Gerald Litwack
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 2 2 3 - 7
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 2 2 4 - 4

Vitamin B12, Volume 119 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international… Read more

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Vitamin B12, Volume 119 in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Former Editors
Contributors
Preface
Chapter One: Insertion of cobalt into tetrapyrroles
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Aerobic B12 biosynthesis
3: Anaerobic B12 biosynthesis
4: Conclusions and future directions
References
Chapter Two: Application of bioorganometallic B12 in green organic synthesis
Abstract
1: Vitamin B12
2: B12 inspired reactions
3: Electrochemical reactions catalyzed by vitamin B12 derivative
4: Conclusion and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Three: Cobamide remodeling
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Cobamide diversity and distribution
3: Cobamide remodeling proteins
4: Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter Four: Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Expression sites of cubilin, Lrp2 and Amn
3: Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor
4: Amnionless
5: Megalin/Lrp2
6: The receptor complex CUBN/AMN, LRP2 and their partners (Fig. 2)
7: Cubilin in the kidney
8: Cubilin and receptor-mediated endocytosis
9: Cubilin/Amn, Lrp2, DAB2
10: Regulation of cubilin expression
11: Cubilin in vitamin B12 homeostasis vitamin B12 (Fig. 3)
12: Cobalamin absorption and transport (Fig. 4)
13: Renal handling of vitamin B12
14: IGS or juvenile megaloblastic anemia (Fig. 5)
15: Cubilin in pathology
16: Cubilin dysfunction in Fanconi-Bickel, Dent and Lowe syndromes
17: Cubilin in diabetes, the vitamin D/micronutrient connection
18: Cubilin in neural tube defects
19: Cubilin as a risk variant and/or prognostic factor in cancer progression
20: Cubilin in animal studies
21: Breed-specific cubilin mutations in dogs
22: Conclusion
References
Chapter Five: Membrane transport of cobalamin
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Membrane transport systems in bacteria
3: Transport of cobalamin in humans
4: Concluding remarks
References
Chapter Six: Vitamin B12 photoreceptors
Abstract
1: Introduction to photoreceptors and their chromophores
2: Vitamin B12 structure, chemistry, photochemistry
3: Vitamin B12, a precious biological cofactor
4: B12-based photoreceptors
5: Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Seven: Photolytic properties of B12-dependent enzymes: A theoretical perspective
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Summary of experimental results
3: Computational approach
4: Importance of axial bonding in construction of S1 PES
5: Photolytic properties of cobalamins
6: Summary and outlook
References
Chapter Eight: Antivitamins B12
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Vitamin B12 and organometallic B12-cofactors
3: Antivitamins B12
4: Summary and outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Nine: Vitamin B12 absorption and malabsorption
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Origin, food content and availability of vitamin B12
3: Physiology of vitamin B12 absorption (Fig. 1)
4: Causes of vitamin B12 malabsorption (Table 2)
5: Measurements of vitamin B12 malabsorption in humans
References
Chapter Ten: Intracellular processing of vitamin B12 by MMACHC (CblC)
Abstract
1: Overview of cellular metabolism of cobalamins
2: Structure and stability of CblC
3: Enzymatic activity of CblC
4: Regulation of CblC expression and clinical phenotypes mimicking cblC disease
5: Future directions
References
Chapter Eleven: Telomere length and vitamin B12
Abstract
1: Telomeres
2: Nutrition and telomere length
3: Role of vitamin B12 in telomere homeostasis
4: Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Twelve: Vitamin B12 and chronic kidney disease
Abstract
1: Vitamin B12 and chronic kidney disease: An overview
2: Vitamin B12 and the homocysteine metabolic pathway in chronic kidney disease
3: Vitamin B12 and chronic kidney disease in clinical practice
4: Vitamin B12 and chronic kidney disease: Evidence gaps and future directions
References
Chapter Thirteen: Inherited defects of cobalamin metabolism
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Diagnosis of inborn errors affecting cobalamin metabolism
3: Inborn errors affecting intestinal cobalamin absorption
4: Defects affecting cobalamin transport
5: Cellular cobalamin uptake
6: Lysosomal membrane cobalamin transport
7: The cblC disorder
8: Regulation of MMACHC expression
9: Partitioning cobalamin between the cytoplasm and mitochondria
10: Methylmalonyl-CoA isomerization in the mitochondria
11: Homocysteine remethylation
References
Chapter Fourteen: Behavioral profile of vitamin B12 deficiency: A reflection of impaired brain development, neuronal stress and altered neuroplasticity
Abstract
1: Introduction and background
2: Neuropathology and behavioral abnormalities in human disorders
3: Behavioral abnormalities in animal models
4: Regions of the brain involved and the physiologic basis of behavioral alterations
5: Genes and pathways involved
6: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter Fifteen: Vitamin B12 deficiency
Abstract
1: Overview
2: Basics of vitamin B12 biochemistry and physiology
3: Pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of vitamin B12 deficiency
4: Prevention and treatment of B12 deficiency
5: Conclusion and future directions
References
Further reading
Chapter Sixteen: Metabolism-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy and B12
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: TTP-TMA
3: B12 dysmetabolism and TMA-like syndrome
4: The triad of TMA in B12 deficiency and dysmetabolism
5: Diagnosis
6: Treatment
7: Conclusions
References
Chapter Seventeen: Neuropsychiatric manifestations in vitamin B12 deficiency
Abstract
1: Vitamin B12 and neuropsychiatry
2: Neurobiology of vitamin B12 related neuropsychiatric manifestations
3: Neuropsychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency
4: Treatment of neuropsychiatric manifestation due to vitamin B12 deficiency
5: Conclusion
References
Chapter Eighteen: Vitamin B12 and predatory behavior in nematodes
Abstract
1: Introduction: The ecological diversity of nematodes
2: Caenorhabditis elegans—A model system approach for modern biology
3: Pristionchus pacificus—A model for complex trait formation
4: P. pacificus predation, cannibalism and phenotypic plasticity
5: The role of vitamin B12 for the predatory behavior in P. pacificus
6: The role of vitamin B12 for the development and physiology of P. pacificus and C. elegans
7: Vitamins as limiting factors for nematode growth—A genomic perspective (from laboratory to natural habitats)
References
Chapter Nineteen: Determination of cobalamin and related compounds in foods
Abstract
1: Cobalamin
2: Cobalamin sources for humans
3: Determination of cobalamin in foods
4: Inactive cobalamins and related compounds in foods
5: Conclusions and future directions
Acknowledgments
References

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Vitamin B12

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Gerald Litwack