Vitamin A

1st Edition - March 20, 2007

Editor: Gerald Litwack

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 7 0 9 8 7 5 - 3

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 7 5 1 6 - 5

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones… Read more

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First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.

Former Editor
- Publisher Summary
Contributors to Volume 75
- Publisher Summary
Preface
- Publisher Summary
1: RXR: From Partnership to Leadership in Metabolic Regulations
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II RXRs and Their Many Partners Belong to the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily
- III RXR in Partnership: The Permissive Heterodimers as Metabolic Sensors
- IV The Rexinoid-Signaling Pathways: From Partnership to Leadership
- V Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
2: The Intersection Between the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)- and Retinoic Acid-Signaling Pathways
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Retinoid Signaling
- III The AhR/Arnt Pathway
- IV AhR and RA Availability
- V Molecular Interactions Between the RA and AhR Pathways
3: Role of Retinoic Acid in the Differentiation of Embryonal Carcinoma and Embryonic Stem Cells
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Molecular Mechanism of Action of RA
- III Model Systems to Study Differentiation
- IV Role of RARs
- V RA-Regulated Genes
- VI Role of Specific RA-Regulated Genes
- VII Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
4: Metabolism of Retinol During Mammalian Placental and Embryonic Development
- Abstract
- I General Aspects of Retinol Transport and Metabolism in Mammalian Species
- II Placental Transport and Metabolism of Retinol During Mammalian Development
- III Embryonic Metabolism of Retinol During Mammalian Development
- Acknowledgments
5: Conversion of β-Carotene to Retinal Pigment
- Abstract
- I General Aspects of Vitamin A Metabolism
- II Conversion of β-Carotene to Vitamin A
- III β-Carotene as Provitamin A in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
- IV Alternative Routes of Vitamin A Supply
6: Vitamin A-Storing Cells (Stellate Cells)
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Morphology of HSCs
- III Regulation of Vitamin A Homeostasis by HSCs
- IV HSCs in Arctic Animals
- V Roles of HSCs During Liver Regeneration
- VI Production and Degradation of ECM Components by HSCs
- VII Reversible Regulation of Morphology, Proliferation, and Function of the HSCs by 3D Structure of ECM
- VIII Stimulation of Proliferation of HSCs and Tissue Formation of the Liver by a Long-Acting Vitamin C Derivative
- IX Extrahepatic Stellate Cells
- X Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
7: Use of Model-Based Compartmental Analysis to Study Vitamin A Kinetics and Metabolism
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Highlights of Whole-Body Vitamin A Metabolism
- III Early Kinetic Studies of Vitamin A Metabolism
- IV Overview of Compartmental Analysis
- V Use of Model-Based Compartmental Analysis to Study Vitamin A Kinetics
- VI Conclusions
8: Vitamin A Supplementation and Retinoic Acid Treatment in the Regulation of Antibody Responses In Vivo
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Rationale for Interest in VA Supplementation and Antibody Production
- III VA and the Response to Immunization in Children
- IV Experimental Studies of VA or RA Supplementation and Antibody Production In Vivo
- V Innate Immune Cells and Factors Regulated by VA and RA That May Affect Immunization Outcome
- VI Discussion and Perspectives
- Acknowledgments
9: Physiological Role of Retinyl Palmitate in the Skin
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Structure and Physiological Functions of the Skin
- III Cutaneous Absorption and Deposition of Dietary and Topically Applied Retinol and Retinyl Esters
- IV Mobilization and Metabolism of Retinol and Retinyl Esters in the Skin
- V Effects on Selected Biological Responses of the Skin
- VI Summary
10: Retinoic Acid and the Heart
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Role of RA in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Defects
- III Postnatal Development Effects of RA in the Heart
- IV Conclusions
11: Tocotrienols in Cardioprotection
- Publisher Summary
- I Introduction
- II A Brief History of Vitamin
- III Tocotrienols and Cardioprotection
- IV Atherosclerosis
- V Tocotrienols in Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activity
- VI Tocotrienols in Ischemic Heart Disease
- VII Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
12: Cytodifferentiation by Retinoids, a Novel Therapeutic Option in Oncology: Rational Combinations with Other Therapeutic Agents
- Abstract
- I Premise and Scope: Differentiation Therapy with Retinoids Is a Significant Goal in the Management of the Neoplastic Diseases
- II The Classical Nuclear RAR Pathway Is Complex and Has Led to the Development of Different Types of Synthetic Retinoids
- III Retinoids Promote Differentiation in Numerous Types of Neoplastic Cells
- IV Retinoids Exert Pleiotropic Effects Interacting with Multiple Intracellular Pathways: An Opportunity for Combination Therapy
- V Retinoid-Based Differentiation Therapy, General Observations, and Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
13: Effects of Vitamins, Including Vitamin A, on HIV/AIDS Patients
- Abstract
- I Introduction
- II Vitamins and Immune Function
- III Vitamins, HIV Transmission, and Pregnancy Outcomes
- IV Vitamins and HIV Disease Progression in Adults
- V Vitamins, Growth, and Disease Progression in HIV-Infected Children and HIV-Negative Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers
- VI Comment
- VII Future Research
- Acknowledgments
14: Vitamin A and Emphysema
- Abstract
- I Does Vitamin A Protect Against Pulmonary Emphysema?
- II Conclusions
Index
- Publisher Summary