Viral Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops

Section 1- Introduction to plant Virology

1.1 A tribute to plant virologists of the 20th century [email protected]

1.2 Important landmarks in the history of plant virology

Section 2- Viral diseases of field crops

2.2 Viral diseases of Cereals

2.2.1 Wheat

2.2.2 Emerging and re-emerging of wheat viruses in the Middle East

2.2.3 Barley

2.2.4 Oats

2.2.5 Rye

2.2.6 Rice (Paddy)

2.2.7 Maize (Corn)

2.2.8 Sorghum (Milo)

2.2.9 Millets
2.3 Viral diseases of legumes /Pulses

2.3.1 Alsike Clover

2.3.2 Black gram/Green gram

2.3.3 Chickpea, Lentil

2.3.4 Cowpea

2.3.5 Faba bean (Broad bean)

2.3.6 Pigeon Pea

2.3.7 Soybean
2.4 Viral diseases of oilseeds

2.4.1 Mustard

2.4.2 Canola

2.4.3 Ground nut

2.4.4 Sesame

2.4.5 Sunflower

2.4.6 Flax (Linseed)

2.4.7 Caster
2.5 Viral diseases of cash crops

2.5.1 Sugarcane

2.5.2 Tobacco

2.5.3 Commercial bast fibre crops

2.5.4 Cotton

2.5.5 Biotechnological interventions in controlling Cotton leaf curl disease

2.5.6 Opium Poppy

2.5.7 Hemp (Cannabis sativa)

2.5.10 Impact, Epidemiology, and Management of virus and viroid diseases of hop (Humulus lupulus)
2.6 Viral diseases of plantation crops

2.6.1 Areca nut

2.6.2 Cashew nut

2.6.3 Coconut

2.6.4 Cacao

2.6.5 Cola

2.6.6 Coffee

2.6.7 Tea

2.6.8 Olives
2.7 Viral diseases of spices and condiments

2.7.1. Asafoetida, Basil,

2.8 Viral diseases of forage crops

2.8.1 Alfalfa

2.8.2 Clover

2.8.3 Oat Hay

Section -3 Viral diseases of vegetables/ Horticultural crops

3.1 Economic significance of viruses in horticultural crops

3.1.1 Economic significance of viruses in horticultural crops
3.2 Viral diseases of vegetables

3.2.1 Potato

3.2.2 Tomato

3.2.3 Viroid diseases of tomato

3.2.4 Brinjal (Eggplant)

3.2.5 Chilli

3.2.6 Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

3.2.7 Cucurbitaceous
Vegetables –A

1.Cucumber,

2.Watermelon,

3.Musk melon,

4.Snake gourd,

5.Bitter gourd,

6.Pointed gourd

3.2.7 Cucurbitaceous vegetables -B

1.Squash,

2.Bottle gourd,

3.Round gourd,

4.Ridged gourd

3.2.8 Emergence of potyvirus diseases in Cucurbits

3.2.9

1.Broccoli

2.Cabbage

3.Cauliflower

4.Radish,

5. Turnip

3.2.10 Parsnip

3.2.11 Legume vegetables:

1.French bean

2.Pea

3.Common bean,

4.Raj mash

5. Cluster bean

3.2.12 Lady’s finger (Okra)

3.2.13 Sugar beet

3.2.15 Carrot

3.2.16 Onion

3.2.17 Artichoke

3.2.18 Asparagus

3.2.19 Lettuce

3.2.20 Viral diseases of tuber crops

3.2.21 Cassava

3.2.22 Aroids

3.2.23 Colocasia/Yam (Taro and Cocoyam

3.2.24 Mushroom
3.3 Viral diseases of Horticultural crops / fruits trees

3.3.1 Viral diseases of tropical fruits

3.3.2 Avocados

3.3.3 Papaya

3.3.3

1.Papaya leaf curl,

2.Papaya distortion mosaic

3.3.4 Banana [email protected]

3.3.5 Citrus

3.3.6 Passion fruit

3.3.7 Pomegranate

3.3.8 Pineapple

3.3.9 Fig (Ficus carica)

3.3.10 Kiwifruit

3.3.11 Mulberry

3.3.12 Viral diseases of temperate fruits
(i)Tree fruits
a. (Apple, Pear, Quince, Loquat, Cherries)

3.3.13 Viral diseases of temperate fruits
(i) Tree fruits
b. (apricot, peach, plum)

3.3.13
(i)Tree fruits
c-Nut trees (almond, walnut and pistachios)

3.3.13 (ii) vine fruits
a-Grapevine)

3.3.13 (iii) Small fruits /soft fruits
(Strawberry, Raspberry, Currant, and Blueberry)

3.3.14 Viral diseases of fruits in Egypt: A critical
3.4 Viral diseases of ornamental plants

3.4.1 a-Characterization of begomovirus infecting rose

3.4.2 b-Common and emerging viral pathogens of annual ornamental plants
i. Chrysanthemum,
ii. Geranium
iii. Impatiens
iv. Petunia

3.4.3 c-Viral diseases of ornamental plants :
i. China rose
ii. Croton
iii. Dahlia
iv. Marigold
v. Narcissus
vi. Tulip

3.4.4 d-Viral diseases of ornamental plants :
i. Salvia
ii. Tube rose
iii..Verbena
iv. Clematis
v. Lotus
vi.Nerium
vii. Moonbeam (Wax Flower)
viii. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Parijat)
ix.Bela(Jasminum sambac)
x. Champa(Plumeria alba)
xi.Rat ki Rani (Cestrum nocturnum)

3.4.5 e-Viral diseases of Ornamental Plants
i. Balsam
ii. Begonias
iii. Canna
iv. Crossandra
v. Gomphrena
vi. Jasmine
vii. Lavender
viii. Phlox
ix. Vinca
x. Zinnia

3.4.6 Gladiolus
3.5 Viral diseases of medicinal and aromatic plants

3.5.1 i..Andrgraphis paniculata
ii. Periwinkle( Catharanthus roseus (L)
iii..Mentha
iv..Hyoscyamus
v.Senna

3.5.1 i.Yam ( Dioscorea spp.)
ii..Sarpagandha. (Rauvolfia serpentine)
iii..Belladona.
iv..Withania somenifera
v. Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivillanum
vi. Senna (Cassia angustifolia vahi)
vii.Atropa belladonna
viii.Calendula officinalis
ix.Passiflora incarnata
x.Chamomile recutita

Section 4. Viral diseases of Orchids

4.1 Viral diseases of Orchids in India

Section 5. Viral diseases of flowering and non-flowering trees

5.1Bauhinia, Ficus, Bamboo, Populus ,Willow, green ash and red spruce

Section 6. Viral diseases of weeds (Alternate hosts of many viruses)

6.1 The importance of weeds as reservoirs of viruses of field and horticultural crops

Section 7. Plant viruses’ applications in nanotechnology

7.1 Plant viruses applications in nanotechnology

Section 8. Food borne viral disease

8.1 Food borne viral disease: The role of fruits and vegetable in the transmission of viruses to human

Section 9. Molecular Detection and Cryotherapy elimination of plant viruses

9.1 Molecular methods for the detection of plant viruses

9.2 Cryotherapy elimination of plant viruses

Section 10. Emergence of companies for plant virus detection

10.1 Emergence of companies in the development of technology for detecting plant viruses