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Valorization of Wastes for Sustainable Development

Waste to Wealth

1st Edition - August 8, 2023

Editors: Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian, Nur Izyan Binti Wan Azelee, RS Saravanan, V Ponnusami, Ajay Kumar Mishra

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 4 1 7 - 4

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 8 7 2 - 1

Valorization of Wastes for Sustainable Development: Waste to Wealth highlights the various valorization of organic and non-organic waste to offer a way forward to a sustainable… Read more

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Valorization of Wastes for Sustainable Development: Waste to Wealth highlights the various valorization of organic and non-organic waste to offer a way forward to a sustainable world. Categorizing the various types of waste valorization for renewable fuel production and other valorizations utilizing organic and non-organic waste, this book offers the reader a comprehensive view of various waste valorizations together with their potential applications. Split into four sections, the book's chapters cover the general scenarios and challenges of current waste management and the valorization of waste specifically for renewable fuels as the alternative energy source to depleting fossil fuels.

Other chapters cover waste valorizations categorized into organic and non-organic waste for various applications and the future prospect of waste valorizations with possible plans and strategies for effective global waste management.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Section 1: Overview – Current scenarios and challenges
Chapter 1. Challenges and opportunities associated with different forms of waste resources utilizations
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of waste
1.3 Challenges in waste management
1.4 Current status in waste management
1.5 Problems encountered in waste handling
1.6 Future scope
1.7 Conclusion and discussion
References
Chapter 2. Mitigation of environment crisis: conversion of organic plant waste to valuable products
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of organic wastes
2.3 Various treatments employed for utilizing organic wastes
2.4 Importance of converting waste into valuable products
2.5 Valorization of organic wastes by microbial route
2.6 Valorization of cashew apple wastes
2.7 Conclusion
References
Section 2: Waste valorization for renewable fuel
Chapter 3. Conversion of waste tires into renewable fuel
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Waste tires
3.3 Traditional waste tire management
3.4 Sustainable waste tires management
3.5 Waste tires to renewable fuel via thermochemical conversion
3.6 Pyrolysis
3.7 Gasification
3.8 Hydrothermal liquefaction
3.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Mammals’ dung and urine for fuel production
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sources of animal manure
4.3 Methodologies used in biofuel production from animal manure
4.4 Various types of fuel production from animal dung and urine as feedstock
4.5 Challenges for fuel production
4.6 Future perspectives and conclusion
References
Chapter 5. Biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass waste
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Biomass to biofuel conversion techniques
5.3 Types of biofuels
References
Chapter 6. A holistic valorization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Valorization of food waste to biofuels
6.3 Food waste to bioethanol
6.4 Food waste to biodiesel
6.5 Biohydrogen
6.6 Bio-oil
6.7 Other sources of bioenergy
6.8 Future scope and challenges
6.9 Conclusion and remarks
References
Chapter 7. Biofuel scale-up from waste source and strategies for cost optimization
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biomass conversion routes—thermochemical conversion process
7.3 Biomass conversion routes—biological conversion process
7.4 Strategies for cost optimization of biofuel
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8. Biobutanol production from agricultural wastes
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Micronutrients effects on biobutanol production
8.3 Methodological perspective
8.4 Strategies for enhancing biobutanol production
8.5 Techno-economic assessment of biobutanol
8.6 Summary and future prospective
Declaration of competing interest
References
Chapter 9. Thermochemical treatment of wastes for power generation
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fuel properties and process description
9.3 Pollutant formation and other operational difficulties related to incineration and gasification
9.4 Power plant simulation studies based on waste feedstock
9.5 Real-scale industries
9.6 Conclusions and future scope
References
Section 3: Other valorizations of organic waste and non-organic waste
Chapter 10. Marine waste for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical production
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Current trend of marine waste valorizations
10.3 Functional polysaccharides from marine waste
10.4 Functional protein and bioactive peptides from marine waste
10.5 Sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from marine waste
10.6 Purification process
10.7 Marine waste for food and nutraceutical industries
10.8 Marine waste for cosmeceutical industries
10.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11. Algae cultivation in industrial effluents for carbon dioxide sequestration and biofuel production
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Carbon sequestration by microalgae
11.3 Microalgae cultivation in industrial effluents
11.4 Biofuel as renewable energy production
11.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Valorization of agricultural waste for activated carbons
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Sources and availability of agro biomass
12.3 Properties of biomass
12.4 Methods of preparation of activated carbon
12.5 Properties of agrowaste-based biomass from a different source
12.6 Applications of activated carbon
12.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Biomaterial-based waste for membranes and energy applications
Abstract
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Biomaterials used for membranes fabrication in wastewater and air management
13.3 Biomaterials membranes for antipathogenic applications
13.4 Biomaterials for various energy applications
13.5 Critical factors influencing the efficiency of biomaterials and their challenges
13.6 Impact of biomaterial-based waste management on socioeconomic development
13.7 Advancement of biomaterials and future prospect in city management
13.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Valorization of industrial wastes
Abstract
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Industrial waste
14.3 Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 15. Waste resources utilization for biosorbent preparation, sorption studies, and electrocatalytic applications
Abstract
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Production of carbon-based biosorbents
15.3 Electrocatalytic applications
15.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16. Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste as supplementary cementitious addition in bacteria concrete—a review
Abstract
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Need of alternate for Portland cement
16.3 Supplementary cementitious additions
16.4 Bacterial strains
16.5 Effect of bacteria in supplementary cementitious addition
16.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian

Dr. Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian currently working as Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, India. Previously worked in the Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree from National Institute of Technology Calicut, India. He was awarded Post-Doctoral Fellowship by Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, 2015, Germany. He was further awarded the National-Post Doctoral Fellowship from SERB-DST, 2016-2018, India. Dr Selvasembian was awarded as Young Scientist by DST, India for the BRICS Conclave held in Durban, 2018, South Africa and was the recepient of Hiyoshi Young Leaf Award from Hiyoshi Ecological Services, Hiyoshi Corporation, 2018, Japan. His major research interests are bioremediation and wastewater treatment. He is Editorial Board Member in Separation & Purification Reviews, Scientific Reports, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery and Environmental Management. He is also serving as Associate Editor in International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, IET Nanobiotechnology, Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry and also as an Academic Editor for Adsorption Science and Technology. He has published more than 100 peer reviewed international research articles and contributed several book chapters. He is editing books from prestigious publishers such as Elsevier, Wiley, CRC and Springer. Recently Dr Selvasembian was listed in Top 2% most cited research scientist in the world as per data published by Stanford University USA.

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522240, India.

Nur Izyan Binti Wan Azelee

Dr. Nur Izyan Wan Azelee is a senior lecturer in the Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) under the Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering. She is also an associate research fellow in the Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), UTM. Currently she holds a position as the Head of Laboratory for Bioprocess Teaching Lab at the faculty and the Head of Cosmeceutical and Fragrance Laboratory in IBD. She has obtained her bachelor degree as well as completed her Ph.D in Bioprocess Engineering, both from UTM. She has received Post-Doctoral Fellowship from UTM, Malaysia for a project on Valorization of Agricultural Waste for Sugar Production. Her research expertise is on enzyme technology, enzyme immobilization, carbohydrate analysis, biomass pretreatment, biomass conversion, bioprocess optimization, enzyme kinetics and biomass for cosmetics. Currently she is working on several biorefinery projects specifically bioconversion of biomass which include agricultural waste and marine biomass into valuable ingredients for various applications including cosmeceutical products as well as biofuel. She is currently active providing several training courses and consultations to the government and private sectors in the field of biomass conversion and bioproducts. She has received 12 research grants as project leader and 22 research grants as project member from the university level, national level and several research contract grants from R&D based companies for product developments. She has published more than 68 research articles in peer-reviewed International Journals including several book chapters in Elsevier, Springer Nature, CRC Press, Academic Press and UTM Press. She has taken part as an active reviewer to numerous reputable and high impact journals and also act as a managing editor for Journal of Bioprocessing and Biomass Technology under the UTM Press, She has supervised many Masters and Ph.D students as main and co-supervisor. She has filed several Intellectual Properties including several copyrights and trade secrets.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

RS Saravanan

Dr. Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam is currently working as Assistant Research Professor in Biosystems Engineering Department at Auburn University, Alabama, USA. He has previously worked as a DST Inspire Faculty in the School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India. He received his Doctor of Philosophy degree from University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. He has worked as an Associate Scientist in AgraCity Crop & Nutrition Ltd., Wallaceburg, Ontario, Canada. During his tenure he has registered two biofertilizer products towards commercialization and submitted the dossier for three other products to Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). He has received Post-Doctoral Fellowship from Auburn University, Alabama, USA. He has received numerous research grants such as Alabama Agricultural Experimental Station (AAES)- SEED grant, Auburn University Intramural Grants Program and Ocean University of China (OUC)- Auburn University (AU) grants program. Currently, he has received a Core Research Grant from DST and has also completed another DST grant (DST Inspire Faculty Fellowship). He is currently involved with industry projects from Chameleon Speciality Chemicals, UK, EID Parry Nutraceuticals Pvt. Ltd. and CUB CSR funded work. He has also founded a start-up “ENVIROHIL Solutions” and currently incubated at ABLEST-TBI, SASTRA. The start-up focuses on converting organic wastes into food, fuel, fertilizer and a variety of products such as grease, soaps and shoe polish. His major research interests are biofuels production, wastewater treatment, nutrient and energy recovery from waste streams and biopolymer production. He has published more than 28 research articles in peer-reviewed International Journals and 4 book chapters including one in Elsevier.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Research Professor in Biosystems Engineering Department at Auburn University, Alabama, USA.

V Ponnusami

Dr. Ponnusami is at present working as Associate Dean in the School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India. He did the doctoral research on textile effluent treatment at SASTRA Deemed University, India. His post-doctoral research includes wastewater treatment by physico-chemical treatments, lignocellulose degradation, bioprocessing for the production of enzymes and microbial polysaccharides, and biodiesel production. Towards achieving the goals of sustainable development his team is exploring the uses of green methods in biorefining of biomass. In particular, bioconversion of biomass into microbial exopolysaccharides such as levan, xantham gum, dextran, cellulose that are suitable for food and medical treatments are investigated. As far as renewable fuels are concerned we mainly work on process development for biodiesel and bioethanol from various agricultural and industrial waste products. The group is interested in developing chemical and biocatalysts for above-mentioned conversion processes. Prof. Ponnusami is included in the list of top 2% highly cited researchers’ published by Elsevier, consecutively for the past two years (2021 and 2022).

Affiliations and expertise

Associate Dean in the School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India.

Ajay Kumar Mishra

Dr. Ajay Kumar Mishra MSc, MPhil, PhD, CSci, FRSC working as Professor at Durban University of Technology, South Africa. Besides Prof Mishra is also working as Director: Academy of Nanotechnology and Waste Water Innovations (ANWWI), South Africa and Visiting Professor at Robert Gordon University, UK, Bashir State University, Russia and Adjunct Professor at Hebei University of Science and Technology and Jiangsu University, China. He is actively serving as Chair of the IEEE Nanotechnology Council, South Africa Chapter since 2016. Prof Mishra has published more than 400 papers in international journals/conferences, books/book chapters and others. He graduated 13 PhD, 22 Master students and hosted more than 10 postdoctoral fellows/scientist globally. He was awarded a number of international awards including Top 2% most cited scientist in the world for year 2019-2022 and Chancellor prize (2020) & many more. He is editor and editorial board member of many peer reviewed journals and scientific societies, conferences/workshops.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Road, Durban 4001, South Africa