Vaccine Biotechnology

Preface

Vaccines Produced by Conventional Means to Control Major Infectious Diseases of Man and Animals

I. Vaccines for DNA Viruses

II. Vaccines for RNA Viruses

III. Vaccines for Gram-Positive Bacteria

IV. Vaccines for Gram-Negative Bacteria

References

Poliovirus: Three-Dimensional Structure of a Viral Antigen

I. Introduction

II. Poliovirus

III. Poliovirus Structure

IV. Antigenic Sites

V. Use of Synthetic Peptides to Characterize Antigenic Sites

VI. Comparison of Antigenic Structures of Polio and Rhinovirus

VII. Relationship between Antigenic Sites and Possible Receptor Binding Sites

VIII. Future Prospects

References

Immune Response to Vaccination

I. Introduction

II. Lymphoid System

III. Infection and Immunity

IV. Summary

References

The Development of Biosynthetic Vaccines

I. Introduction

II. Biosynthesis of Subunit Immunogens

III. Progress toward the Generation of Useful Vaccines

IV. Considerations in the Design of Biosynthetic Subunit Vaccines

References

The Development of Chemically Synthesized Vaccines

I. Introduction

II. The Concept of Synthetic Vaccines

III. Requirements for a Protective Immune Response

IV. The Problem of Antigenic Variation

V. The Potential of Peptide Vaccines for Other Diseases

VI. What Does the Future Hold?

References

Infectious Recombinant Vectored Virus Vaccines

I. Introduction

II. Characteristics of Poxviruses as Vectors

III. General Characteristics of Poxviruses

IV. Poxvirus Vector Construction and Applications

V. Other Infectious Vectored Virus Vaccines

VI. Conclusions

References

Modern Approaches to Live Virus Vaccines

I. Introduction

II. General Views on the Development and Use of Live Virus Vaccines

III. Spontaneously Occurring Attenuated Virus Strains

IV. Experimentally Produced or Selected Attenuated Virus Variants with Genomic Point Mutations, Deletions, or Insertions

V. Attenuation by Formation of Chimeric Constructs of Different Types or Strains of Picornaviruses

VI. Epilogue

References

Live Bacterial Vaccines and Their Application as Carriers for Foreign Antigens

I. Introduction

II. Salmonella Species

III. Course of Salmonella Infection

IV. Immunity to Infection

V. Subunit versus Living Vaccines

VI. Genetics of Attenuation of Salmonella

VII. Human Typhoid Vaccine Strains

VIII. The Use of Salmonella as a Carrier of Foreign Antigens

IX. Vaccines against Other Pathogens

X. BCG as a Carrier of Heterologous Antigens

XI. Conclusions

References

Immunomodifiers in Vaccines

I. Introduction

II. New Strategies for Preparation of Vaccine Antigens

III. Components of an Effective Vaccine

IV. The Experimental System

V. Carriers

VI. Vehicles

VII. Immunostimulators (IS)

VIII. Concluding Remarks

References

Vaccines for Parasitic Infections

I. Introduction

II. Vaccines for Hemoparasites

III. Vaccines for Other Protozoan Parasites

IV. Vaccines for Helminth Parasites

V. Conclusion

References

Vaccines against Tumor Antigens

I. Introduction

II. Immune Surveillance

III. Immunotherapy

IV. Anti-idiotype Antibodies

V. Vaccines against Tumor Viruses

VI. Feline Leukemia Virus Vaccines

VII. Hepatitis B Vaccines and Liver Cancer

VIII. Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Retroviruses

IX. Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus

X. Human Immunodeficiency Virus

XI. Summary

References

Human Immunodeficiency Virus: An Agent That Defies Vaccination

I. Introduction

II. Infection with HIV

III. Immune Response

IV. Experimental Vaccines

V. Discussion and Commentary

References

Animal Virus Infections That Defy Vaccination: Equine Infectious Anemia, Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis, Maedi-Visna, and Feline Infectious Peritonitis

I. Ungulate Lentivirus Infections

II. Feline Infectious Peritonitis

References

Index