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Tutorials in Clinical Chemistry
1st Edition - October 10, 2023
Author: Ibrahim A. Hashim
Paperback ISBN:9780128229491
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 9 4 9 - 1
eBook ISBN:9780128229187
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 2 9 1 8 - 7
Tutorials in Clinical Chemistry is designed for trainee pathology residents, clinical chemists, medical students, and clinical laboratory scientists, in addition to those… Read more
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Tutorials in Clinical Chemistry is designed for trainee pathology residents, clinical chemists, medical students, and clinical laboratory scientists, in addition to those preparing for board and postgraduate examination. It is helpful to those in training as well as a teaching aid for mentors, faculty, and directors. The book is organized into 17 system-based chapters covering essential pathophysiology, biochemical investigation, and technical aspects of relevance to results interpretation. Tutorials in Clinical Chemistry is a must-have, didactic and essential knowledge as well as practical resource for learning and review.
● Facilitates easy access to troubleshooting common questions within a daily practice ● Provides the landscape for the required knowledge and competency in clinical chemistry ● Presents concise, direct, practical material for clinicians and clinical practitioners reaching out to the clinical laboratory for advice and interpretation of findings ● Covers all aspects of clinical chemistry fellowship curriculum
Pathology residents, clinical laboratory professionals, clinicians, clinical chemistry fellows, and medical students
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Reference intervals
Chapter 1: Endocrine system disorders
Abstract
Introduction
The thyroid gland
The pituitary
The adrenal gland
The gonads
References
Further reading
Chapter 2: Electrolytes and fluid balance
Abstract
Introduction
Water and extracellular fluid homoeostasis
Electrolytes
Sodium pathophysiology
Potassium pathophysiology
Chloride pathophysiology
Diabetes insipidus
Calcium pathophysiology
Phosphate pathophysiology
Magnesium homoeostasis
Diuretics
Urinary electrolytes4
Methods of electrolytes measurement
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: Renal function
Abstract
Introduction
Kidney structure and function
Metabolic functions of the kidney
Estimated GFR (eGFR)
Acid-base homeostasis/balance
Endocrine functions and laboratory investigation
Kidney disorders and biomarkers
Urinalysis investigation
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 4: Liver function
Abstract
Introduction
Liver structure
Hepatic function and assessment
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 5: Bone metabolism and associated disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Bone structure and physiology
Biomarkers of bone metabolism
Biomarkers of bone formation
Biomarkers of bone resorption
Biochemical monitoring
Metabolic bone disorders
Biochemical investigation of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium disorders
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemic disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Glucose metabolism
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 7: Lipids metabolism and cardiac biomarkers
Abstract
Introduction
Lipids and cardiovascular disease risk
Lipids and lipoproteins
Apolipoproteins
Lipoprotein metabolism
Biochemical investigation of lipid disorders1
Dyslipidemia investigation
Primary dyslipidemias
Classification of inherited lipid disorders
Secondary (acquired) dyslipidemias
Cardiovascular risk assessment
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiac biomarkers2,3
Troponins
Natriuretic peptides
Point of care testing (POCT) methodologies
Algorithms in acute coronary syndrome
Heart failure
Heart failure and diabetes mellitus
Biomarkers of inflammation is use in assessment of the acute coronary syndrome
Summary
References
Suggested reading
Chapter 8: Obstetrics, fetal, and neonatal disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Pregnancy
Biochemical/physiological variability during pregnancy
Disorders in pregnancy
Laboratory investigation of infertility
Malignancy
Fetomaternal biochemistry
Biochemical aspects of neonatology
Preanalytical factors
Jaundice
Congenital bilirubin abnormalities
Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Acid base status
Inborn errors of metabolism
Sepsis
Assessment of renal function
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 9: Neurological disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Clinical presentations
Neurological disorders
Causes of neurological dysfunction
Neurometabolic disorders (inborn error of metabolism-associated neuropathies)
Nutrition-associated neuropathies
Infection-associated encephalopathy
Autoimmune encephalopathy
Endocrine disorders associated with neurological presentations
Malignancy-associated causes
New biomarkers in neurological disorders
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 10: Plasma and body fluids proteins
Abstract
Introduction
Plasma proteins
Urinary proteins
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins
Pleural and peritoneal fluid proteins
Summary
References
Suggested reading
Chapter 11: Gastrointestinal disorders and nutritional assessment
Abstract
Introduction
Digestion
Gastrointestinal dysfunction
Gastrointestinal malignancy
Biomarkers of gastrointestinal dysfunction
Gastrointestinal dynamic test (breath) tests
The acute abdomen
Biochemical assessment of nutritional status
Water soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins
Trace elements
Patients on total parenteral and enteral nutrition (TPN)
Food and inhalants allergy
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 12: Common and rare metabolic disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Iron metabolism and associated anemia
Biochemical investigation of iron deficiency anemia and iron excess status
Porphyria
Laboratory diagnosis: Porphyria
Folic acid (folate)
Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
Uric acid metabolism
Inborn errors of metabolism
Amino acid disorders
Urea cycle defects
Carbohydrate disorders
Glycogen storage diseases
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Cystic fibrosis
IEM biochemical investigations
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 13: Biomarkers of malignancy
Abstract
Introduction
Types of tumor markers
Tumor markers in routine clinical practice
Organ-specific tumors
Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes
Neuroendocrine tumors
Metabolic impact of malignancy
Paraneoplastic neurology syndromes
Summary
Further reading
Chapter 14: Therapeutic drugs and toxicology testing
Abstract
Introduction
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Therapeutic drug monitoring
Therapeutic drugs
Cardioactive drugs
Bronchodilators
Psychoactive drugs
Antibiotics
Immunosuppressants
Drugs in oncology
Biomarkers in immunotherapy
Other drugs of clinical interest
Drugs-associated biomarkers
Herbal supplements and interference
Clinical toxicology
Alcohols and metabolites
Acetaminophen
Salicylate
Carbon monoxide
Heavy elements toxicity
Organophosphate insecticides
Drugs of abuse
Cocaine
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids (passive smoking)
Synthetic cannabinoids
Opioids
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Phencyclidine
Other drugs of increasing clinical interest
Sample types
Assay methodologies
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 15: Blood gases and acid-base homeostasis
Abstract
Introduction
Acid-base homeostasis and buffering systems
The lungs in acid-base homeostasis
The kidney in acid-base homeostasis
Acid-base disorders
Mixed disorders
Interpretation of acid-base data
Anion gap calculations and diagnostic value
Osmolality and osmolal gap
Co-oximetry analysis
Blood sample types in acid-base assessment
Analytical and regulatory considerations
Biomarkers in support of blood gases interpretation
Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 16: Aspects of clinical laboratory management
Abstract
Introduction
Medical directorship roles and responsibilities
Delegation of laboratory director activities
Accreditation and regulatory aspects
Quality management program
Method verification and validation (assessment of method error)
Chapter 17: Analytical methods and special considerations
Abstract
Introduction
Preanalytical considerations
Analytical methods
Assays performance characteristics
Methods principles
Lateral flow chemical tests
Antibody-based assays (immunoassays)
Methodological approaches to detect molecular variants (including free/bound)
Chromatography-based assays
Microscopic analysis
Interferences
Formulas and derived calculations
Summary
Further reading
Index
No. of pages: 554
Language: English
Edition: 1
Published: October 10, 2023
Imprint: Elsevier
Paperback ISBN: 9780128229491
eBook ISBN: 9780128229187
IH
Ibrahim A. Hashim
Dr. Ibrahim A. Hashim is Professor of Pathology, Chief of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Chemistry, and Director at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) at Dallas, Texas. He has over 29 years of experience as a clinical chemist and an educator. His work experience includes large university teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom and United States. In addition to directing the Clinical Chemistry Fellowship Program, he gives clinical chemistry didactic lectures to pathology residents, fellows, and clinical laboratory scientists. He also lectures on the Fundamentals for Clinical Reasoning course to medical students at UTSW. He is the director of the Clinical Chemistry and the Laboratory Management Rotations for the Pathology Residency program at UTSW and regularly contributes to the scientific literature on clinical chemistry and clinical laboratory topics. Dr. Hashim served as Director on the American Board of Clinical Chemistry and has co-authored Endocrine Society Practice Guidelines on Hypopituitarism.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Pathology, Chief of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Chemistry; Director, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA