Treatments, Nutraceuticals, Supplements, and Herbal Medicine in Neurological Disorders

1st Edition - June 7, 2023
Editors: Colin R Martin, Vinood B. Patel, Victor R Preedy
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 0 5 2 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 4 4 4 - 0

Treatments, Nutraceuticals, Supplements and Herbal Medicine in Neurological Disorders offers readers a comprehensive reference on their potential for treatment in a wide variety o… Read more

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Treatments, Nutraceuticals, Supplements and Herbal Medicine in Neurological Disorders offers readers a comprehensive reference on their potential for treatment in a wide variety of neurological diseases. Spanning various types of these compounds, this broad coverage allows readers to learn about the use of nutraceuticals and botanicals alone, or in combination with, other dietary regimes and/or vitamins and minerals. It covers diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS and MS, and severe neurological conditions including brain injury, stroke, headache and migraine. This volume provides a platform for research on nutraceuticals and botanical agents and on future investigations of these compounds.

There are over 600 neurological disorders affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, some of which have been treated by nutraceuticals and herbal medicine, hence this is a timely resource on the topics covered.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Part I: Alzheimer’s disease and dementias
Chapter 1: Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth): Applications to Alzheimer's disease and dementias
Abstract
Introduction
Alzheimer's disease
Guarana
Guarana and amyloid-β peptide
Guarana and memory
Guarana and aging
Guarana and metabolic disorders
Applications of guarana to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Conclusions
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 2: Herbs for Alzheimer's disease management; clinical studies: A narrative
Abstract
Introduction
Bacopa monnieri
Boswellia serrata
Centella asiatica
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Crocus sativus
Convolvulus pluricaulis
Curcum longa
Ginkgo biloba
Hypericum perforatum
Huperzia serrata
Lavandula officinalis
Melissa officinalis
Panax ginseng
Salvia species
Withania somnifera
Zingiber officinale
Some combinations
Conclusion
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini dictionary of terms
Key facts of herbs for “Alzheimer's disease management: A narrative” for nutrition and neurological disorders
Summary points
References
Chapter 3: Reducing neurodegeneration and oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease: Role of the Nrf2 pathway activation by natural compounds
Abstract
Introduction
Nrf2 pathway
Nrf2 activation in Alzheimer's disease
Natural compounds activate the Nrf2 pathway and prevent neurodegeneration
Other compounds of interest for AD
Contribution of Nrf2 to the pathogenesis of other neurological conditions
Final remarks
Key facts
Summary points
Mini-dictionary of terms
References
Chapter 4: Alzheimer's disease and green coffee bean extract
Abstract
Introduction
Neuroscientific aspects
Available treatment options
Nutritional aspects
Green coffee beans
Green coffee beans and obesity
Green coffee beans and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Other beneficial effects of green coffee beans
Green coffee beans and Alzheimer's disease
Chlorogenic acid and Alzheimer's disease
Caffeine and Alzheimer's disease
Green coffee beans and brain insulin signaling
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of Alzheimer's disease
Summary points
References
Chapter 5: Medicinal importance of Callistemon viminalis in Alzheimer
Abstract
Introduction
Phytoconstituents
Pharmacological activities
Role of Callistemon viminalis in various disorders
Research findings
Conclusion
Key facts
Mini-dictionary
Summary points
References
Chapter 6: Herbs for Alzheimer’s disease management—Preclinical studies: A narrative
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
Applications to other neurological conditions (200–750 words)
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of herbs for Alzheimer's disease management: A narrative for “Nutrition and Neurological Disorders”
Summery points
References
Chapter 7: Allicin as nutraceutical: Protective mechanisms and therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Introduction
The pharmacokinetic profile and bioequivalence of allicin
Neuroprotective mechanisms of allicin
Conclusion
Components of interest
Key facts
Summary points
References
Part II: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Chapter 8: Rutin and its application to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Epidemiology
Signs and symptoms and risk factors
Mechanism of ALS pathogenesis
Rutin: Structure and pharmacological benefits
Role of rutin on different causative factors of ALS
Inhibition of neuroapoptosis
Mitigation of glutamate excitotoxicity
Concluding remarks
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Key facts of rutin
Summary points
References
Chapter 9: Kaempferol and kaempferide against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Abstract
Introduction
Pathological outcomes of ALS
Biochemical aspects of kaempferol and kaempferide
Discerning the curative potential of kaempferol and kaempferide in mitigating ALS pathology
Discerning the beneficial effects of kaempferol and kaempferide against other neurological disorders
Other phytochemicals, alleviating effects in mitigating ALS pathology
Remarks and conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of ALS
Summary points
References
Part III: Brain injury
Chapter 10: French maritime pine bark extract and neurological disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Traumatic brain injury
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
Key facts of French pine bark extract
References
Chapter 11: Angong Niuhuang pill could be an effective medicinal agent for stroke treatment
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Neuroprotective effects of ANP on ischemic brain injury
Neuroprotective effects of ANP on hemorrhagic stroke
Current progress of clinical trials on ANP for stroke treatment
Conclusion and perspectives
Key facts
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 12: Polyphenols as therapeutic interventions against cerebral ischemic injury
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Polyphenols
Polyphenols against neuroinflammation
Polyphenols as neuroprotectants
Extracts against stroke
Herbal formulations for treatment of cerebral ischemia
Polyphenols for neuroregeneration
Nanoencapsulated polyphenols
Synthetic polyphenols
Network pharmacology approaches
Applicability to other neurological conditions
Concluding remarks
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary
Key facts of cerebral ischemia
Summary points
References
Chapter 13: Chinese herbal medicine in brain injury and other neurological disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Herbs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for neurological conditions
Herbs that have been chosen in our selective research platforms on three areas of neurological disorder
Research projects using herbal treatment for neurological conditions
Applications to other neurological conditions and problems related
Other components of interest
Discussion
Conclusion
Summary points
Mini-dictionary of terms
References
Part IV: Dietary neurotoxins
Chapter 14: Protection by Coriandrum sativum against mercury neurotoxicity
Abstract
MeHg as a source of neurological disorders
Nutraceuticals aspects
Medicinal aspects
Summary points
References
Chapter 15: Taurine in symptom amelioration and recovery in lead-induced neurotoxicity
Abstract
Introduction
Effects of developmental Pb2 + neurotoxicity
Pb2 +-induced glutamatergic pathophysiology
Pb2 +-induced GABAergic pathophysiology
Taurine neuroprotection by glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission
Taurine protects against developmental Pb2 +-exposure
Other compositions of interest
Discussion
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 16: Omega-3 fatty acid as a protectant in lead-induced neurotoxicity
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of Pb-induced toxicity
Absorption, distribution, and excretion of Pb
Lead toxicity
Symptoms of Pb toxicity
Mechanism of Pb toxicity
Lead-induced oxidative stress
Omega-3 fatty acid and its protective mechanism
Mechanism of omega-3 fatty acid
Eicosanoid
Substrate specificity
Membrane fluidity
Lipid peroxidation
Acylation of protein
Gene interaction
Protective evidence of omega-3 fatty acid in in vitro and in vivo studies
Molecular mechanism of omega-3 fatty acid in Pb neurotoxicity
Neuroprotective role of omega-3 fatty acid in Pb neurotoxicity
Applications to other areas of neurological conditions: Clinical significance of omega-3 fatty acid
Conclusions
Key facts
Summary points
References
Part V: Epilepsy
Chapter 17: Cellular and molecular interactions of dietary flavonoids toward seizures suppression in epilepsy
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Flavonoid absorption and the blood-brain barrier
Seizure suppression by flavonoids via inflammation and oxidative stress inhibition
Antiepileptic mechanism of flavonoids involving CREB signaling
mTOR as a molecular target of flavonoids in epilepsy
Flavonoids interacting with microRNAs to target epilepsy
Flavonoids targeting P-glycoprotein in pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Antiepileptic effect of flavonoids by interaction with synaptic neurotransmission
Conclusion and future research aspects
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 18: Magnesium supplemental therapy in epileptogenesis and ictogenesis
Abstract
Introduction
Generalities on Mg and its metabolism
Epileptogenesis: Generalities
Ictogenesis: Generalities
Bases of the medical treatment of epilepsy: Generalities
Bases of the antiepileptogenic action of Mg
Bases of antiseizure action of Mg
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of epileptogenesis and ictogenesis
Key facts of antiepileptogenic and antiictogenic effect of Mg
Summary points
References
Chapter 19: Curcumin usage in epilepsy
Abstract
Introduction
Curcumin alleviates oxidative stress
Curcumin attenuates gliosis
Inflammatory pathways
Neuroprotection by curcumin
Curcumin and neurotransmitters
Voltage-gated ion channels
Conclusion and future prospective
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 20: Triheptanoin as a nutraceutical and its potential use in epilepsy
Abstract
Introduction
The anaplerotic diet
Brain cell-specific effects of triheptanoin
Triheptanoin in epilepsy
Triheptanoin in diseases with epilepsy as comorbidity
Triheptanoin in other diseases
Nutritional aspects
Final considerations
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of “Triheptanoin as a nutraceutical and its potential use in epilepsy”
Summary points
References
Part VI: Headaches and migraines
Chapter 21: Dietary supplementation in migraine: A focus on omega-3 fatty acids
Abstract
Introduction
Neuroscientific aspects of migraine
Omega-3
The beneficial effects of omega-3 on migraine characteristics
The beneficial effects of omega-3 on neuro-inflammatory aspects of migraine
Suggested mechanisms for the effects of omega-3 on migraine
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Summary
Key facts of migraine
Key facts of omega-3
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 22: Headaches, migraine, and herbal medicine
Abstract
Introduction
Herbs for tension-type headache during the attack
Herbs for prevention of tension-type headache
Herbs for migraine during the attack
Herbs with limited evidence for migraine
Preventive treatment
Cluster headache
Herbs for cluster headache during the attack
Preventive treatment
Sleep-related headache
Hangover headache managements
Major functions: Hydration, diuretics (potassium K +), glucose supply, vitamin C, glutathione, alcohol antagonists
Applications to other areas of neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
Summary of herbs and functions for different types of headaches
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23: Magnesium and migraine
Abstract
Introduction
Oral magnesium alone
Oral magnesium combinations
Intravenous magnesium
Transdermal magnesium
Pediatric population
Conclusions
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Applications to other areas
Summary points
References
Part VII: Multiple sclerosis
Chapter 24: Betaine as a neuroprotective therapy in multiple sclerosis
Abstract
Introduction
Betaine
Betaine as an osmolyte
Therapeutic targets for betaine in MS
Key facts
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 25: Protective role of natural products and bioactive compounds in multiple sclerosis
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology of MS
Pathophysiology of MS
Risk factors associated with MS pathology
Therapeutic strategies
Natural products
Application to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Summary and conclusions
Mini dictionary
Key facts
Summary points
References
Chapter 26: The crocin usage in multiple sclerosis disease
Abstract
Introduction
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Oxidative stress and MS
Dietary natural antioxidants and MS
Carotenoids and MS
Crocin and MS
Conclusion
Key facts of Crocin and MS
Mini-dictionary
Summary points
References
Part VIII: Neuroinflammation
Chapter 27: The potential role of herbal medicine and nutraceutical in neuroinflammatory disorders: A mechanistic insight via multisignaling cascades
Abstract
Introduction
The antineuroinflammatory potential of phytochemicals in neurological disorders
Potential neuroprotective mechanisms of phytochemical via multisignaling cascades
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts
Summary points
References
Chapter 28: Arbutin as a natural soluble glycosylated phenol and usage in neuroinflammation
Abstract
Introduction
The effect of arbutin in the animal model of Parkinson's disease
The effect of arbutin in other neurological diseases
Mechanisms of arbutin's action in the central nervous system
Inflammatory response
Oxidative stress
Neuroprotective effect and cellular function of arbutin
Other components of interest
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of neuroinflammation
Summary points
References
Chapter 29: Plant-based oils as natural antiinflammatory for neurological conditions
Abstract
Introduction to neuroinflammation
Natural dietary intake—Plant-based oils
Plant-based oils for neuroinflammation
Plant-based oils for Alzheimer's disease
Plant-based oils for Parkinson's disease
Plant-based oils for other neurological conditions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of the microglia
Key facts of astrocytes
Summary points
References
Chapter 30: Antineuroinflammatory potentials of Clinacanthus nutans leaf
Abstract
Introduction
Neuroinflammation
Overview of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm f.) Lindau
Metabolomics
Antineuroinflammatory potential of CN
Conclusion
Applications to other neurological conditions
Key facts of statistical analysis
Key facts of cytokines
Summary points
References
Further reading
Chapter 31: Nutraceuticals and bioactive components of herbal extract in the treatment and prevention of neurological disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Role of nutrition in neurological disorders
Nutraceuticals and neurological disorders
Supplements in neurological disorders
Medicinal plants in the treatment of neurological disorders
Minidictionary of terms
Key facts of nutraceuticals
Summary points
References
Chapter 32: Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on neuroinflammation
Abstract
Introduction
Microglia: The double-edged sword
Astrocyte: Complementing neuroprotection
Inflammatory cascade in the CNS
Neuroinflammation consequence or cause of neurodegenerative and other disorders
Tinospora cordifolia: A wonder herb
Pharmacological actions other than its neuronal effect
Herbal formulations of Tinospora cordifolia
Pharmacological actions of Tinospora cordifolia on the CNS
Challenges of herbal formulations to target CNS
Improving pharmacokinetic profile of herbal compounds
Challenges to crossover BBB
Approaches to target microglia and cytokines
Available herbal formulations to target CNS
Challenges in translation of herbal formulations and hurdles to get FDA approval
Future perspective
Applications to other areas of neuroscience
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of neuroinflammation: Microglia activation
Key facts of Tinospora cordifolia
Summary points
References
Further reading
Chapter 33: Neuroprotective potential of quercetin as a nutraceutical targeting fused neuroinflammation in neurological disease
Abstract
Introduction
Antioxidant mechanism of quercetin
Antiinflammatory mechanism of quercetin
Role of quercetin in apoptosis
Pathophysiology of AD and protective effect of quercetin
Pathophysiology of PD and protective effect of quercetin
Pathophysiology of HD and protective effect of quercetin
Conclusion and future perspectives
Summary points
References
Part IX: Parkinson’s disease
Chapter 34: Prebiotics and probiotics and Parkinson's disease
Abstract
Introduction
Gut microbiota-Parkinson axis
Gut dysfunction among Parkinson's disease patients
Alternation Gut microbiota components in Parkinson's disease
Cause of gut microbiota alternation
Microbiota-targeted therapy for PD
Clinical studies assessed the effect of probiotics intake on Parkinson's disease
Prebiotics and Parkinson
Prebiotics metabolites and their actions
Possible effect of prebiotics on Parkinson's disease
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 35: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and its use in Parkinson's disease
Abstract
Introduction
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts
Summary points
References
Chapter 36: The flavone chrysin and usage in Parkinson's disease
Abstract
Introduction
Pathogenesis of PD
Structure and availability of chrysin
Neuroprotective role of chrysin in in vivo studies
Neuroprotective role of chrysin in vitro studies/in vitro studies
In silico validation of chrysin for PD
Role of chrysin in other neurological conditions
Effect of different nutraceuticals in neurological conditions
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of Parkinson's disease
Summary points
References
Chapter 37: Blackberry (Morus nigra) usage in Parkinson's disease
Abstract
Introduction
Pathology, etiology, and pathogenesis
Role of inflammation in PD
Environmental factors responsible for PD
Morus nigra
Protective effects against PD
Conclusion
Application to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Part X: Peripheral neuropathy
Chapter 38: Use of coumarin osthole in peripheral neuropathy
Abstract
Introduction
Potential of coumarins in neuropathic pain
Modulation of P2X and P2Y receptors mediated inflammatory pathway by osthole: Possible target to treat peripheral neuropathy
TRPV1 signaling in neuropathy: Plausible target for osthole to treat neuropathy
Emerging targets in neuropathy: Future scope for unexplored molecular aspects of osthole
Applications of osthole to other neurological conditions
Conclusions
Other components of interest
Key facts of peripheral neuropathy
Multi-dictionary of terms
Summary
References
Chapter 39: Therapeutic benefits of phenolic acids in peripheral neuropathy
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology of NP
Pathophysiology of NP
Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in NP
Treatment strategies in peripheral neuropathy
Phenolic acids
Rosmarinic acid (RA)
Caffeic acid
Chlorogenic acid (CGA)
Ferulic acid (FA)
Protocatechuic acid (PCA)
Sinapic acid (SA)
Syringic acid (SYA)
Vanillic acid (VA)
Conclusion
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini dictionary of terms
Key facts of peripheral neuropathy
Summary points
References
Chapter 40: Resveratrol as a potential therapeutic molecule against neuropathy: A new narrative
Abstract
Introduction
Neuropathy
Management of neuropathy by resveratrol
Limitations of resveratrol
Conclusion
Key facts of resveratrol and neuropathy
Summary points
References
Chapter 41: Nutrition and neurological disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Etiology
Neurological complications of malnutrition
Prevention (Lozoff & Wachs, 2001; Lumley et al., 2001)
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of neurological disorders
Summary points
References
Chapter 42: Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala fruit on neuropathy
Abstract
Introduction
Applications for other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Part XI: Prenatal effects and neurodevelopment
Chapter 43: Nutritional supplementation for the prevention and treatment of neonatal brain injury: Breast milk and beyond
Abstract
Introduction
Lipids
Carbohydrates, prebiotics, and probiotics
Proteins
Micronutrients
Future perspectives and challenges
Conclusion
Summary points
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts
References
Chapter 44: Maternal naringenin supplementation during pregnancy disrupts the redox status in the developing rats’ brain
Abstract
Section I
Section II
Section III
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)
Summary points
References
Chapter 45: Tryptophan as a supplement in cerebral palsy
Abstract
Introduction
Cerebral palsy
Feeding difficulties in cerebral palsy
Tryptophan
Damage in tryptophan metabolism and cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy and supplementation with tryptophan—Effects on masticatory movements
Cerebral palsy and supplementation with tryptophan—Effects on masticatory muscles
Potential benefits of tryptophan supplementation
Applications to other neurologic conditions
Other components of interest—Serotonin
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of tryptophan supplementation for CP
Summary points
References
Chapter 46: Centella asiatica and protection in neurodevelopment
Abstract
Introduction
Morphology of the plant
Historical data on medicinal use
Chemical composition (Tables 1 and 2)
Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds
Bioavailability and toxicity
C. asiatica in neurodevelopment
Neuroprotection against neurotoxicity
In memory and learning
Neuroprotection against stress
Other actions of C. asiatica
Cellular mechanism in C. asiatica actions
Conclusions
Limitations and possibilities
Key facts as neuroprotective agent
Key facts of other actions
Mini-dictionary
Summary points
References
Part XII: Stroke
Chapter 47: Genistein and its use as a neuroprotective agent in stroke
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanisms of neuronal death in ischemic stroke
Sources and biochemistry of genistein
Genistein in the prevention of ischemic stroke
Genistein in cerebral ischemic neuroprotection
Receptor targets of genistein
Mechanisms of neuroprotection
Application to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of stroke
Summary points
References
Chapter 48: Leucine-enriched amino acid supplement and use in stroke
Abstract
Neuroscientific aspects
Nutritional aspects
Ingestion and effects of branched-chain amino acids or protein
Combination of branched-chain amino acids or protein ingestion and exercise
Timing and effects of branched-chain amino acid or protein ingestion
Requirements of countermeasures for stroke-related sarcopenia
Utilization of leucine-enriched amino acids in stroke
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 49: Arginine and neuroprotection: A focus on stroke
Abstract
Introduction
Mitochondrial angiopathy in MELAS
Endothelial dysfunction in MELAS
Neuroimaging of SLEs in MELAS
Clinical study of l-arginine in MELAS
Superacute intervention by l-arginine
Therapeutic regimen of l-arginine for MELAS
Contraindication in the treatment of MELAS
Concluding remarks
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of arginine and neuroprotection: A focus on stroke
Summary points
References
Chapter 50: Isoflavones as nutraceuticals in stroke: Therapeutic targets and signaling pathways
Abstract
Introduction
Dietary sources
Isoflavones in stroke
Applications to other neurological conditions
Other components of interest
Future directions and concluding remarks
Key facts
Mini-dictionary of terms
Summary points
References
Chapter 51: Trigonelline and its uses in stroke
Abstract
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Trigonelline, its sources, and conventional uses
Structure and properties of trigonelline
Chemical properties and structure-activity relationship of trigonelline
The structure-activity relationship
Biological properties of trigonelline
Trigonelline in stroke
Trigonelline in other CNS disorders
Other components of interest
Conclusion
Mini-dictionary of terms
Key facts of trigonelline and its uses in stroke
Summary points
References
Chapter 52: Recommended resources for studying nutraceuticals, botanical medicine, and neurological disorders
Abstract
Introduction
Resources
Other resources
Summary points
Acknowledgments (in alphabetical order)
References
Index

Colin R Martin

Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director: Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK

Vinood B. Patel

Dr. Patel is a Reader at the University of Westminster. After completing his PhD at King’s College London, he continued his research experience by undertaking his post-doctoral studies in the laboratory of Professor Cunningham in the Department of Biochemistry at the Wake Forest University School of Medicine, (Winston-Salem, NC, USA). This extensive project involved investigating mechanisms of hepatic mitochondrial ribosome dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using biophysical and proteomic techniques. These studies have led to new avenues in determining the pathology of ALD. His teaching areas at both post-graduate and undergraduate levels include clinical biochemistry, investigative pathology and laboratory investigation.

Affiliations and expertise

Reader in Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, London, UK

Victor R Preedy

Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK