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Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning examines the practices and policies linking transportation, land use and environmental planning needed to achieve a healthy e… Read more
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Transportation, Land Use, and Environmental Planning examines the practices and policies linking transportation, land use and environmental planning needed to achieve a healthy environment, thriving economy, and more equitable and inclusive society. It assesses best practices for improving the performance of city and regional transportation systems, looking at such issues as public transit and non-motorized travel investments, mixed use and higher density urban development, radically transformed vehicles, and transportation systems. The book lays out the growing need for greater integration of transportation, land use, and environmental planning, looking closely at changing demographic needs, public health concerns, housing affordability, equity, and livability.
In addition, strategies for achieving these desired outcomes are presented, including urban design and land use planning, regional and corridor-level transit plans, bike and pedestrian improvements, demand management strategies, and emerging technologies and services. The final part of the book examines implementation challenges, considering lessons from the US and around the globe at both local and regional levels.
Urban transportation, land use, urban planning, environmental policy, and sustainable development academic researchers and graduate students. Transportation planners and engineers, urban planners and designers, land use planners, urban environmental specialists. Transportation and urban development government policy makers and citizen activists
Part I Motivations
1. The changing nature of work and time use: implications for travel demand
Noreen McDonald, Ke Peng
1 Introduction 3
2 Background 4
3 Research questions 5
4 Data and methods 6
5 Results 9
6 Discussion and conclusions 12
References 14
2. Integrating health into metropolitan transportation planning
Catherine Ross, Peter Hylton, Farran (Fangru) Wang 1
Overview 17
2 Previous work 18
3 Methodology 21
4 Findings 22
vi Contents
5 Policy implications 30
6 Conclusions 31
References 33
3. Transportation and land use as social determinants of health: the case of arterial roads
Carolyn McAndrews
1 Introduction 35
2 Neighborhoods and health 36
3 Transportation and land use as social determinants of health in neighborhood 39
3.1 Chronic stress 39
3.2 Behavior 41
4 The case of major arterial roads 41
5 Implications for policy, planning, and design 45
6 Conclusion 47
References 48
4. Transit-oriented displacement: the role of transit access in the housing market
Karen Chapple, Miriam Zuk
1 Introduction 55
2 TOD and displacement: understanding the relationships 56
3 Defi ning and describing TOD and displacement 57
3.1 Data sources and terms 57
3.2 TOD areas in the Bay Area 59
4 Modeling gentrifi cation, exclusion, and displacement 60
5 Anti-displacement and housing affordability policies 65
6 Conclusion 77
References 78
PART II Strategies
5. Urban design for sustainable and livable communities: the case of Vancouver
Elizabeth Macdonald
1 Introduction 83
2 Urban context and overview of Vancouver’s plans and policies in the two eras 85
3 Downtown neighborhood planning in the “Living First” era 90
4 Neighborhood planning in outlying areas during the EcoDensity era 98
5 Vancouver going forward 101
6 Conclusions 101
References 103
6. Measuring land use performance: from policy to plan to outcome
Gian-Claudia Sciara
1 Introduction 105
2 Government action and land use in the United States 106
3 The effectiveness of governmental efforts to shape land use in the United States 108
4 Four frameworks for evaluating land use plans and policy 118
5 Discussion and conclusions 123
References 125viii Contents
7. The transit metropolis: a 21st century perspective
Robert Cervero
1 Introduction 131
2 The transit metropolis: core principles 131
3 Megatrends and shifting lifestyle preferences 133
4 Transformative technologies and urban futures 137
4.4 E-commerce 143
5 21st century transit metropolises as hybrids 144
References 146
8. Livability as a framework for understanding and guiding transportation and land use integration
Bruce Appleyard, Alexander R. Frost
1 Introduction 151
2 Background and previous work on the topic 152
3 Methods and fi ndings 155
4 Discussion and policy implications 163
References 165
9. Making US cities pedestrian- and bicycle-friendly
Susan Handy
1 Introduction 169
2 Reworking car-friendly cities 170
3 Unleashing the potential of bicycling 176
4 Elevating pedestrians and bicyclists in regional planning 179
5 Conclusions 181
References 182
10. Parking: not as bad as you think, worse than you realize
Rachel Weinberger
1 Introduction 189
2 The parking problem 190
3 Problem: your parking demand impinges my supply and 30% of traffi c is searching for parking 191
4 Solution: provide more off-street parking 193
5 Impact of more parking 195
6 The impact of parking on the built environment, travel behavior and downtown economies 196
7 Is the problem well defi ned? 197
8 Is there a parking shortage? 197
9 How much driving is cruising after all? 199 '
10 Parking problem redefi ned 200
11 Solutions redefi ned 200
12 Conclusion 202
References 203
11. Traffi c management strategies for urban networks: smart city mobility technologies
Alexander Skabardonis
1 Existing traffi c management strategies in urban networks 207
2 Emerging applications: the promise 209
3 Emerging applications: the implementation challenge 212
References 215
12. Vehicle technologies for achieving near and longer term fuel economy and climate goals
Timothy E. Lipman
1 Introduction 217
2 The global oil supply and demand conundrum 218
3 Regulatory approaches for reducing motor vehicle emissions and energy use 221
4 Additional strategies for improved fuel economy and reduced GHG emissions 227
x Contents
5 Recent research on zero-tailpipe emission vehicles 229
6 Conclusions 234
References 235
13. Sharing strategies: carsharing, shared micromobility (bikesharing and scooter sharing), transportation network companies, microtransit, and other innovative mobility modes
Susan Shaheen, Adam Cohen, Nelson Chan, Apaar Bansal
1 Introduction 237
2 Emerging shared mobility services 238
3 Carsharing 240
4 Shared micromobility (bikesharing and scooter sharing) 245
5 Ridesharing 248
6 On-demand ride services 248
7 Microtransit 253
8 Courier network services 255
9 Trip planning apps 257
10 Conclusion 258
References 259
14. The role of behavioral economics and social nudges in sustainable travel behavior
William Riggs
1 Statement of the problem 263
2 Previous work on the topic 264
3 Experiments 266
4 Findings 269
5 Findings and policy implications 272
References 273
Part III Broadening the scope
15. Energy sources for sustainable transportation and urban development
Blas L. Pérez Henríquez
1 Introduction: the energy outlook and emerging challenges 281
2 Global decarbonization efforts 283
3 Subnational and non-governmental action for clean energy and greenhouse gas reductions 286
4 Case example: California’s emissions and energy policies for a clean future 289
5 Implications for energy planning 292
References 297
16. Balancing education opportunities with sustainable travel and development
Carrie Makarewicz
1 Introduction 299
2 Country differences in school funding, governance, and assignment policies 302
3 Reasons for differential school outcomes 304
4 Attempts to address urban school decline and school sprawl 312
5 Policy implications and alternative approaches 317
6 Conclusion 322
References 324
xii Contents
17. Planners’ presence in planning for water quality and availability
Caitlin Dyckman
1 Introduction/statement of the problem 333
2 Previous work on the topic 338
3 Methodology 347
4 Findings 349
5 Policy implications 386
6 Conclusions 387
References 388
Part IV Implementation issues: the case of California
18. Integrated transport and land use planning aiming to reduce GHG emissions: International comparisons
Andrea Broaddus
1 Introduction 399
2 What legal regulatory frameworks for transportation and land use planning are in use? 400
3 What policies linking transportation and land use planning to CO2 emissions are in place? 409
4 What types of projects and development have resulted in practice, and what are the barriers to implementation? 411
5 Conclusion 416
References 417
19. Defi ning TOD: learning from California law
Gregory L. Newmark, William L. Kaplowitz
1 Introduction 419
2 Background 420
3 Methodology 421
4 California TOD legislation and state programs 423
5 Defi nitional issues 427
6 Conclusions 436
References 437
20. Sustainability planning by Metropolitan Planning Organizations: California and national trends
Elisa Barbour
1 Introduction 439
2 Sustainability planning by MPOs 440
4 Findings on sustainability planning by large US MPOs 447
5 Sustainability planning by California MPOs 456
6 Conclusion 462 7 List of RTPs 464
References 465
21. The role of county-level agencies in coordinating local climate planning in California
Elizabeth Mattiuzzi
1 Introduction 469
2 Background 470
3 County-level agencies’ roles in California transportation and housing 472
4 Methodology 476
xiv Contents
5 Evidence for subregional coordination of local climate planning and SB 375 implementation 477
6 Conclusion and policy implications 493
References 494
22. California’s SB 375 and the pursuit of sustainable and affordable development
Sarah Mawhorter, Amy Martin, Carol Galante
1 Introduction 497
2 Background 498
3 Research approach 501
4 Analysis 502
5 Conclusion 516
References 519
23. Citizen mobilization in digital and analog: when regional planning lands in Marin County, California, is it a carrot or a stick painted orange?
Karen Trapenberg Frick
1 Statement of the problem 523
2 Conceptual framework—the (virtual) cycle of organizing and adapting in digital 528
3 Research design 531
4 The opposition to Plan Bay Area in Marin County 532
5 Planning proponents in response 537
6 Discussion 540
References 546
PART V Conclusions
24. The role of modern research universities in advancing innovative transportation infrastructure renewal
Bjorn Birgisson
1 Background 555
2 Key trends affecting university-based research on transportation infrastructure renewal 556
3 Changing nature of research universities 557
4 Accelerating globalization 558
5 Accelerating rate of technological change 559
6 Growth in multidisciplinary research and innovation 559
References 567
Integrating transportation, land use, and environmental planning 569
Index 601
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