Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering

Chapter 1: System Studies1.1 Introduction1.2 Load flow1.3 System Stability1.4 Short circuit analysisChapter 2: Drawings and Diagrams2.1 Introduction2.2 Block diagrams2.3 Schematic diagrams2.4 Manufacturers' drawings2.5 Computer aided design (CAD)2.6 Case study2.7 Graphical symbolsAppendicesChapter 3: Substation Layouts3.1 Introduction3.2 Substation design considerations3.3 Alternative layouts3.4 Space requirementsChapter 4: Substation Auxiliary Power Supplies4.1 Introduction4.2 DC supplies4.3 Batteries4.4 AC suppliesChapter 5: Current and Voltage Transformers5.1 Introduction5.2 Current transformers5.3 Voltage transformers5.4 Future trendsChapter 6: Insulators6.1 Introduction6.2 Insulator materials6.3 Insulator types6.4 Pollution control6.5 Insulator specification6.6 TestsChapter 7: Substation Building Services7.1 Introduction7.2 Lighting7.3 Distribution characterization7.4 Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning7.5 Fire detection and suppressionChapter 8: Earthing and Bonding8.1 Introduction8.2 Design criteria8.3 Substation earthing calculations8.4 Computer simulationReferencesChapter 9: Insulation Co-ordination9.1 Introduction9.2 System voltages9.3 Clearances9.4 Procedures for co-ordination9.5 Surge protectionReferencesChapter 10: Relay Protection10.1 Introduction10.2 System configuration10.3 Power system protection principles10.4 Current relays10.5 Differential protection schemes10.6 Distance relays10.7 Auxiliary relays10.8 Computer assisted grading exercise10.9 Practical distribution network case study10.10 Recent advances in control, protection and monitoringReferencesChapter 11: Fuses and Miniature Circuit Breakers11.1 Introduction11.2 Fuses11.3 Fuse operation11.4 Miniature circuit breakersReferencesChapter 12: Cables12.1 Introdcution12.2 Codes and standards12.3 Types of cables and materials12.4 Cable sizing12.5 Calculation of losses in cables12.6 Fire properties of cables12.7 Control and communication cables12.8 Cable management systemsReferencesChapter 13: Switchgear13.1 Introduction13.2 Terminology and standards13.3 Switching13.4 Arc quenching media13.5 Operating mechanisms13.6 Equipment specificationsReferencesChapter 14: Power Transformers14.1 Introduction14.2 Standards and principles14.3 Voltage, impedance and power rating14.4 Thermal design14.5 Constructional aspects14.6 AccessoriesReferencesChapter 15: Substation and Overhead Line Foundations15.1 Introduction15.2 Soil investigations15.3 Foundation types15.4 Foundation design15.5 Site worksChapter 16: Overhead Line Routing16.1 Introduction16.2 Routing objectives16.3 Preliminary routing16.4 Detailed line survey and profileChapter 17: Structures, Towers and Poles17.1 Introduction17.2 Environmental conditions17.3 Structure design17.4 Pole and tower typesChapter 18: Overhead Line Conductor and Technical Specifications18.1 Introduction18.2 Environmental conditions18.3 Conductor selection18.4 Calculated electrical ratings]18.5 Design spans, clearances and loadings18.6 Overhead line fittings18.7 Overhead line impedance18.8 Substation busbar selection- case studyReferencesChapter 19: Testing and Commissioning19.1 Introduction19.2 Quality assurance19.3 Works inspections and testing19.4 Site inspection and testing19.5 Testing and commissioning methodsAppendicesChapter 20: Electromagnetic Compatibility20.1 Introduction20.2 Standards20.3 Compliance20.4 Testing20.5 Screening20.6 Typical useful formulae20.7 Case studiesChapter 21: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition21.1 Introduction21.2 Programmable logic controllers21.3 Power line carrier communication links21.4 Supervisory control and data acquisition21.5 Software managementReferencesChapter 22: Project Management22.1 Introduction22.2 Project Evaluation22.3 Financing22.4 Project phases22.5 Terms and conditions of contract22.6 Tendering22.7 Model forms of contract- exerciseAppendicesChapter 23: Distribution Planning23.1 Introduction23.2 Definitions23.3 Load forecasting23.4 System parameters23.5 System reliability23.6 Drawings and materials take offChapter 24: Power Quality- Harmonics in Power Systems24.1 Introduction24.2 The nature of harmonics24.3 The generation of harmonics24.4 The effects of harmonics24.5 The limitations of harmonics24.6 Ferroresonance and subharmonics24.7 Harmonic studies24.8 Case studiesReferencesChapter 25: Power Quality - Voltage Fluctuations25.1 Introduction25.2 The nature and cause of voltage disturbances in power systems25.3 Solutions25.4 Case StudyReferencesChapter 26: Fundamentals26.1 Introduction26.2 Symbols and nomenclature26.3 Alternating quantities26.4 Vector representation26.5 Vector algebra26.6 Sequence components26.7 Network fault analysis26.8 Design optimizationReferencesIndex