Translational Surgery

1st Edition - March 22, 2023
Editors: Jeffrey A. Bakal, Adam E.M. Eltorai, Paige C. Newell, Adena J. Osband
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 3 0 0 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 0 6 3 0 - 2

Translational Surgery covers the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies these principles to the design of translational investigations. The reader will come to fully… Read more

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Request a sales quote

Translational Surgery covers the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies these principles to the design of translational investigations. The reader will come to fully understand important concepts including case-control studies, prospective cohort studies, randomized trials, and reliability studies. Investigators will benefit from greater confidence in their ability to initiate and execute their own investigations, avoid common pitfalls in surgical research, and know what is needed for collaboration. Further, this title is an indispensable tool in grant writing and funding efforts. The practical, straightforward approach helps the translational research navigate challenging considerations in study design and implementation. The book provides valuable discussions of the critical appraisal of published studies in surgery, allowing the reader to learn how to evaluate the quality of such studies. Thus, they will improve at measuring outcomes; making effective use of all types of evidence in patient care. In short, this practical guidebook will be of interest to every surgeon or surgical researcher who has ever had a good clinical idea, but not the knowledge of how to test it.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Handbook for Designing and Conducting Clinical and Translational Research
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgment
Part I. Introduction
Chapter 1. Introduction
Key points
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Additional resources:
Chapter 2. Translational research process
Key points
Why does it matter
Background
Current trends and scope
Correlation and application
Checkpoints for translational research trainee1
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Example of translational research
Additional resource
Chapter 3. Scientific method
Key points
Why it matters?
Observation
Research
Hypothesis
Experiment
Data collection
Analysis
Conclusions
“Get started”
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Chapter 4. Basic Research
Key points
Introductory/Why it matters
General approach to research
Disciplines
Common lab methods and techniques
Getting started (action items)
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Resources
Part II. Preclinical
Chapter 5. Overview of preclinical research
Key points
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Chapter 6. What problem are you solving?
Section 1: Introduction
Section 2: Take away points
Section 3: Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 7. Types of intervention
Why it matters
Introduction
Understanding timing and types of interventions in clinical and translational research
Getting started
Chapter 8. Drug discovery and development
Summary
Introduction
Target discovery and target validation
Lead compound identification and optimization
Preclinical development and clinical trials
Current trends in drug discovery and future outlook
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Examples of drug discovery and development
Additional resources
Chapter 9. Drug testing: translating a novel immunotherapeutic from bench to bedside
Key points
Introduction
Getting started: design and optimization
Real-world example: assessment of function
Real-world example: toxicology and dosing
Summary
Resources
Chapter 10. Device discovery and prototyping
Key points
Section 1: Introduction
Section 2: Identifying an unmet need
Section 3: Ideation, conceptualization, and prototyping
Section 4: Budgetary considerations and how to fund
“Get started” section: using dissolvable stent design as an example
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 11. Medical device testing: a neurosurgical perspective
Key points
Background
Overview (safety and efficacy)
Medical device classification systems
Investigational device exemption
Budgetary considerations and funding resources
List of some funding sources
Avoiding pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 12. Diagnostic discovery
Key points
Introductory\Why it matters
Beginning stages of diagnostic discovery
Clinical usefulness
Regulations for new diagnostic tests
Pitfalls to avoid
Get started
Real world examples
Additional resources
Chapter 13. Diagnostic testing
Introductory session/Why it matters
Overview of diagnostic testing
Get started:
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples:
Additional Resources:
Chapter 14. FDA regulating power & guidelines: other product types
What do they regulate and not regulate?
Overlap between FDA and certain organizations?
Roadmap of FDA approval process
Postmarket safety monitoring
Action steps
Pitfalls
Chapter 15. Procedural technique development
Summary
Introduction
Preclinical development
Stages of procedural development
Get started
Chapter 16. Behavioral Interventions
Key points
Section 1: Behavioral interventions
Section 2: NIH stage model
Get started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Additional resources for the reader
Part III. Clinical: fundamentals
Chapter 17. Introduction to clinical research: What is it? Why is it needed?
Section 17.1: Clinical research
Section 17.2: The study question
Section 17.3: The study design
Section 17.4: Why are study designs important?
Highlights and pitfalls
Chapter 18. The question: types of research questions and how to develop them
Key points
The research question
Development models
Examples—the bad, good, and great
Get started—action items
Chapter 19. Study population: Who and why them?
Key points
Why it matters
Why sample?
Selection of the study population
Bias in the sampling process
Get started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 20. Outcome measurements: What data are being collected and why?
Key points
“Why it matters?”
Define terms
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
“Get started”
Potential pitfalls
Corresponding links
Defined terms
Resources
Chapter 21. Optimizing the question: balancing significance and feasibility—Will the findings affect change? Can that change be implemented in clinical practice?
Part IV. Statistical principles
Chapter 22. Basic statistical principles
Key points
Summary
Section 1: An overview of statistics
Section 2: Measures of variability and confidence intervals
Section 3: Hypothesis testing and P values
Section 4: Screening
Section 5: Measures of disease frequency
Chapter 23. Distributions
Key points
Introduction
Normal distribution
Mean of the sample
Other distributions
How to present the data
Pitfalls
Get started
Real world examples
Resources
Chapter 24. Hypothesis and error types
Key points
Why it matters
The null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis
Error types
Multiple and posthoc hypotheses
Potential pitfalls
Get started
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 25. Power
Definition
Underpowered studies—false negatives
“Overpowered” studies—clinical versus statistical significance
Chapter 26. Regression analysis
Key points
Why it matters?
Introduction
Linear regression
Logistic regression
Cox regression
Model construction
“Get started”
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Real world examples
Resources
Chapter 27. Continuous variable analyses: t-test, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon sign rank
Key points
Introduction
Real-world examples: paired variable analysis
Real-world examples: unpaired variable analysis
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 28. Categorical Variable Analyses: Chi-square, Fisher Exact, and Mantel–Haenszel
Key points
Introduction
Real-world example: Fisher Exact test
Real-world example: chi-squared test
Real-world example: Mantel–Haenszel test
Pitfalls
Get started
Resources
Chapter 29. Analysis of variance
Key points
Getting started
Pitfalls
Additional resources
Chapter 30. Correlation
Key points
Why it matters
Determining the strength of correlation
Pearson's correlation coefficients
Spearman's correlation coefficient
Kendall's correlation coefficients
Real-world examples
Potential pitfalls
Get started
Chapter 31. Biases in research studies
Defining bias
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 32. Basic science statistics
Key points
Why does it matter?
What is a variable?
Type of variables based on output measurement
Most common types of statistical tests used in basic sciences
Most used descriptive statistics
Examples of parametric tests
Examples of nonparametric tests
Get started
Part V. Clinical: study types
Chapter 33. Design principles: hierarchy of study types
Key points
Section 1: Asking the right question
Section 2: Choosing the right study design
Potential pitfalls/recommendations
Real World Examples
Resources
Chapter 34. Case series: design, measures, and classic example
Key points
Basics of case series
Get started: Writing case series
Potential pitfalls
Chapter 35. Case-control study—design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Why it matters
Content
Benefits and limitations
Designing your own study
Examples
Research team roles
Funding
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 36. Cohort study: design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Why it matters
Content
Benefits and limitations
Designing your own study
Examples
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 37. Cross-sectional study: design, measures, classic examples
Key points
Definition
Benefits and limitations
Step-by-step design
Section 1 Examples of cross-sectional studies
Getting started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Online databases
Chapter 38. Longitudinal study: design, measures, and classic example
Section 1: Key points
Introductory section\Why it matters
Getting started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 39. Designing clinical trials of surgical interventions
Key points
Introductory section/Why it matters
What are clinical trials?
Advantages of a clinical trial study design
Limitations of a clinical trial study design
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Summary
Real-world examples
Chapter 40. Meta-analysis
Keywords
Key points
Why it matters?
Study design
In practice
Get started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 41. Cost-effectiveness research
Key points
Why it matters
Benefits and limitations
Step by step design
Definition of study type
Costs
Effectiveness and quality measures
Time is money
Decision analytic modeling
ICER
Accounting for uncertainty using sensitivity analysis
Conclusion
Define research team
Budget considerations/how to fund
Getting started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 42. Diagnostic test evaluation: design, measures, and classic example
Key points
Why does this matter?
Introduction to evaluation of diagnostic tests
Designing research to evaluate a new diagnostic test
Four phases of evaluating a new diagnostic test
Potential pitfalls
Examples of assessing diagnostic tests in the literature
Conclusion
Resources
Chapter 43. Reliability study: design, measures, and classic example
Key points
What is a reliability study?
What is the difference between reliability and validity?
Test–retest reliability
Internal consistency
Interrater reliability
How do we account for chance?
Note about pathological reliability
Potential pitfalls
Chapter 44. Database research
Key points
Why it matters
Definition of study type
Benefits and limitations
Step-by-step design
Define research team
Budget considerations/how to fund
Getting started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 45. Surveys and questionnaires: design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Introduction
Survey development
Response rate
Data analysis and reporting
Data analysis and reporting
Funding and budgetary considerations
Get started
How to avoid pitfalls
Chapter 46. Qualitative methods and mixed methods
Key points
Why it matters?
Qualitative methods: benefits and limitations
Qualitative data collection strategies
Data analysis and presentation
Qualitative approaches for health services research
Mixed methods designs for qualitative methods integration
Getting started: designing a qualitative study
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Additional reading and resources
Part VI. Clinical trials
Chapter 47. Randomized control: design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Introduction
Designing the study
Limitations
Standard research team
Budgetary considerations
Funding
Pitfalls
Get started
Resources
Chapter 48. Nonrandomized control: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Introductory/Why it Matters
Definition
Benefits and limitations
Step-by-step design
Examples of nonrandomized control studies
Getting started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 49. Historical controls
Types of historical controls
Overcoming bias and improving accuracy in historical control studies
Chapter 50. Cross-over: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Definition
Benefits
Limitations
Step-by-step design
Examples of cross-over studies
Getting started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Additional resources
Chapter 51. Withdrawal studies: design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Withdrawal studies
Design and measures
Classic examples
Get started—action items
Chapter 52. Factorial design: design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Introduction
Design
Analysis
Benefits and limitations of factorial design
Classic examples
Creating your own factorial experiment
Conclusion
Chapter 53. Group allocation
Key points
Why it matters?
Advantages of cluster-randomized trials
Pitfalls of cluster-randomized trials
Variations on cluster-randomized trials
Get started
Resources
Chapter 54. Hybrid design
Key points
Why it matters
Hybrid design in clinical trials
Geting started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 55. Large, pragmatic trials: designs, measures and classic examples
Key points
The pragmatic clinical trial
Real-world examples
Get started: action items
Potential pitfalls
Chapter 56. Equivalence and noninferiority
Key points
What is an equivalence or noninferiority study?
Benefits and limitations
How to design an equivalence or noninferiority study
Examples of noninferiority and equivalence trials
Research team and roles
Budgetary considerations and funding
Summary
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 57. Adaptive: design, measures, and classic examples
Introduction
Study design
Subtypes
Examples
Get started
Chapter 58. Principles and methods of randomization in research
Key points
Get started/action items
Pitfalls
Overview
Types of fixed randomization
Types of adaptive randomization
Randomization in clinical trials
Randomization tools
Chapter 59. Blinding: who and how?
Key points
Why it matters?
Introduction
Blinding methods
Assessment, documentation, and reporting
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 60. Multicenter considerations
Key points
Introduction
Practical considerations
Budgetary considerations
Role of social media
International considerations
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Get started
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 61. Registries
Key points
Introduction
Registries
Registry-based studies
Designing a registry
Registry trials
Designing a registry trial
Potential pitfalls of registry trials
Real-world examples: additional contemporary examples of registry trials
Budgetary considerations
Resources
Chapter 62. Phases of clinical trials
Key points
Why it matters
Understanding phases of a clinical trial
Challenges in different trial phases
Real-world examples
Getting started
Potential pitfalls
Resources for further reading
Chapter 63. IDEAL framework
Key points
“Why it matters?”
Description, evolution, and adaptations of the IDEAL framework
Real world examples of IDEAL framework stage application
Get started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 64. Artificial intelligence methodology in clinical research
Key points
Chapter in brief
Introduction: What is Aartificial Iintelligence (AI)?
Difference between AI and standard predictive methods
Section I. Application of AI in clinical trials
Section II. Future trends of AI applications in research
Section III. Practicalities for developing an AI solution
Chapter 65. Patient perspectives
Key points
Why it matters
Patient perspectives
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Part VII. Clinical: preparation
Chapter 66. Sample size
Key points
“Why it matters?”
Introduction to methodology
Elements of sample size calculations
Additional considerations
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real world examples
Resources
Chapter 67. Budgeting
How to determine a budget?
Get started
Chapter 68. Medical ethics and review boards
Key points
“Why it matters?”
Ethical pillars in human research
Institutional review board process
Informed consent and vulnerable populations
Conclusions
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 69. Regulatory considerations for new drugs and devices
Key points
Introduction
Data collectable on a nonapproved medical product
Issues with regulatory agencies
Get started
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 70. Funding approaches
Key points
Introduction
Sources of funding
Applying for a grant
Reasons for failure
Conclusion
Real-world translational surgical research project publications
Chapter 71. Subject recruitment
Key points
Why it matters?
Subject recruitment
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 72. Data management
Key points
Why it matters
Research data management
Real-world examples
ESTS database optimized practices
ESTS database pitfalls
Pitfalls to avoid
Get started: action items
Chapter 73. Quality control
Key points
Why it matters?
Terminology
Quality management plan—data and safety monitoring plan
Get started
Potential pitfalls—common deficiencies10
Real-world examples
Resources for further reading
Chapter 74. Statistical software
Key points
SAS
SPSS
R
STATA
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 75. Case report forms: harm and quality of life
Who performs a case report form?
When is a case report form done?
How is a case report form designed?
Why are cases report forms done?
Consequences of proper management and mismanagement of case report forms
Sample images outlining the contents of case report forms
Inclusion/exclusion criteria sample (Illustrated in Fig. 75.3)
Concomitant medications form sample (Illustrated in Fig. 75.4)
The value of CRFs in harm and quality of life
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Pitfall #2: underrating the benefit of technology
Pitfall #3: failure of specification of the inclusion and exclusion criteria
Real-world examples of case report forms
Resources
Chapter 76. Subject adherence
Defining adherence
Approaches to measuring adherence
Determinants of adherence
Ethical considerations
Determining successful adherence
Moving forward
Chapter 77. Survival analysis
Key points
Introduction
Survival analysis: Real-world examples
Kaplan–Meier method: Real-world examples
Log-rank test (Peto-Mantel-Haenszel test): Real-world examples
Cox model: Real-world examples
Potential pitfalls
Get started
Resources
Chapter 78. Monitoring committees in clinical trials
Key points
Why it matters
Roles and functioning of a DSMB
When is a DSMB needed
Membership of DSMB
Get started
Real-world examples
Potential pitfalls
Resources for further reading
Part VIII. Regulatory basics
Chapter 79. FDA overview
Key points
The FDA and why it matters
A brief history
FDA today
Is my product regulated?
Final points
Resources
Examples
Chapter 80. Investigational new drugs
Introduction
Clearance overview
Preclinical
Clinical
Clearance
IND maintenance
Common challenges
Funding
Get started
Chapter 81. Drug development
Key points
Introduction
Drug development
Preclinical research
Clinical trial phases
FDA review
FDA postmarket safety monitoring
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 82. Devices
Key points
Why it matters?
Devices
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Chapter 83. Regulatory basics: radiation-emitting electronic medical products
Key points
Introduction
Process/pathways
Components
Examples
Common challenges
Budgetary considerations funding resources
Pitfalls to avoid
Relevant literature examples of regulations governing radiation-emitting medical products
Getting started
Chapter 84. Orphan drugs
Key points
Introduction
Orphan drugs
Regulatory process and pathway
Examples of orphan drugs
Challenges to orphan drug development
Budgetary considerations for orphan drug development
Get started
Chapter 85. Biopharmaceuticals
Key points
Introduction
Biopharmaceuticals
Regulatory process and pathway
Examples of biologics
Challenges to biopharmaceutical development
Get started
Chapter 86. Combination products
Key points
Introduction/Why it matters
Defining combination products
United States FDA approval process for combination products
Common challenges in the FDA approval process
Financing considerations in combination product development and funding resources
Getting started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 87. Foods
Introductory section/Why it matters
Key points
Common challenges
Potential pitfalls
Get started
Real-world examples
Chapter 88. Cosmetics
Process/pathways
Components
Common challenges
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Chapter 89. Non-US regulatory
Key points
Introduction
Good clinical practice
Key legislation and organizations
Regulatory body approvals
Informed consent
Clinical trial information
Real-world examples
Get started
Common challenges
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Part IX. Clinical implementation
Chapter 90. Implementation research
Key points
Introductory section\why it matters
Get started
Potential Pitfalls
Theoretical basis of implementation research
Approach to implementation research
Implementation research in surgery: real-world examples
Funding for implementation research in surgery
Chapter 91. Design and analysis
Overview
Objectives
Commonly used methodologies
Measurement challenges, fidelity, and external validity
Dissemination
Three, illustrative, theoretical/recently published examples
Getting started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources section
Chapter 92. Population- and setting-specific implementation
Key points
Introductory section/Why it matters
Ethnography and implementation
Individualized support within a multitier system
Improved colorectal cancer screening by reducing health disparity
Challenges and pitfalls of translating interventions into population health: Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Part X. Public health
Chapter 93. Public health
Key points
What is public health?
Real-world examples: theory in action
Getting started
Resources
Chapter 94. Epidemiology
Key points
Why it matters
Epidemiology
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 95. Factors in surgical public health and health disparities research
Key points
Introduction
Behavioral
Social
Health systems
Environmental
Biomedical
Conclusion
Get started
Potential pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Chapter 96. Good questions in public health research
Key points
Introduction
Question frameworks
Public Health Pentagon
Equipoise
Community
Impact
Implementation
Public policy
Conclusion
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Chapter 97. Population and environmental specific considerations
Key points
Why it matters?
Population and environmental specific considerations
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 98. Law, policy, and ethics
Overview
Objectives
Methods
The impact of law and policy change
Challenges
Conclusions
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 99. The role of healthcare institutions in translational surgical research
Key points
Introductory section/why it matters
Healthcare institutions' role as clinical trial sponsors
Academic health centers
Community hospitals and managed care organizations
Not-for-profit organizations and charitable foundations
The biomedical, pharmaceutical, and medical device industries
Venture capital
Contract research organizations
Potential pitfalls
The role of the clinical research associate
Getting started
Real-world examples
Translational research accelerators
Summary
Chapter 100. Public health institutions and systems
The public health system
Public health system functions
Governmental versus nongovernmental public health
Conclusion
Part XI. Practical resources
Chapter 101. Data presentation
Key points
“Why it matters?”
Presenting data
Types of data
Data presentation
Developing and delivering and effective presentation
Common pitfalls
“Get started”
Chapter 102. Manuscript preparation: an overview for authors
Key points
Why it matters?
Preparation
Manuscript sections
Submission considerations
Final thoughts
Chapter 103. Building a team
Key points
Introduction/Why it matters
Identify a mentor
Develop core competencies for interprofessional collaboration
Avoid these pitfalls
Collaborate with statisticians, coordinators, and laboratory managers
Get started
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 104. Patent basics
Key points
Introductory section\Why it matters
Intellectual property
Overview of patent filing process and fees
Patent content and timeline
Intellectual property in research
Patenting biotechnology
Get started
Summary and pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 105. Venture pathways
Key points
Introduction
Types of pharmaceutical companies3
Basics of beginning a medical venture
Additional business pathways
Pitfalls: common deficiencies
Getting started
Chapter 106. Small Business Innovation Research and Small Business Technology Transfer
Key points
Introduction
SBIR/STTR program
The phases of the program
Eligibility
Women-Owned Small Business and Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Small Business
Participating agencies
Grants versus contracts
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 107. Sample forms and templates
Key points
Why it matters
Sample forms and templates
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Glossary terms
Index

Jeffrey A. Bakal

Jeff Bakal PhD, P.Stat. is the Program Director for Provincial Research Data Services at Alberta Health Services which operates the Alberta Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) data platform and Health Service Statistical & Analytics Methods teams. He has over 10 years of experience working with Health Services data and Randomized Clinical Trials. He completed his PhD jointly with the Department of Mathematics and Statistics and the School of Physical Health and Education at Queen's University. He has worked on the methodology and analysis of several international studies in business strategy, ophthalmology, cardiology, geriatric medicine and the analysis of kinematic data resulting in several peer reviewed articles and conference presentations. His current interests are in developing statistical methodology for time-to-event data and the development of classification tools to assist in patient decision making processes.

Affiliations and expertise

Division General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, Canada

Adam E.M. Eltorai

Adam E. M. Eltorai, MD, PhD completed his graduate studies in Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology along with his medical degree from Brown University. His work has spanned the translational spectrum with a focus on medical technology innovation and development. Dr. Eltorai has published numerous articles and books.

Affiliations and expertise

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Paige C. Newell

Paige Newell MD received her Bachelor of Arts in History of Art and Architecture from Harvard University, and subsequently received her Doctor of Medicine from Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University. She started general surgery residency at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA in 2018, and spent her two years of dedicated research time from June 2020 - June 2022 as the Vicky and Joseph Safra Cardiac Surgery Clinical Outcomes Research Fellow within the Division of Cardiac Surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital and as a research fellow for the Center for Surgery and Public Health. Her research interests include socioeconomic disparities in cardiac surgery outcomes and barriers to access to high quality care. After completing general surgery residency she plans to complete a fellowship in cardiothoracic surgery.

Affiliations and expertise

Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Adena J. Osband

Adena Osband, MD is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and New Jersey Medical School. She is currently a transplant surgeon and director of the living donor program at Rhode Island Hospital, with over 15 years in practice. She also holds the positions of associate professor of surgery and director of surgical intern education at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Translational Surgery

Purchase options

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Jeffrey A. Bakal

Adam E.M. Eltorai

Paige C. Newell

Adena J. Osband