Translational Radiation Oncology

1st Edition - August 3, 2023
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Jeffrey A. Bakal, Daniel Kim, David Wazer, Adam E.M. Eltorai
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 4 2 3 - 5
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 8 8 4 2 4 - 2

Translational Radiation Oncology covers the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies them to the design of translational research. The book provides valuable discussio… Read more

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Translational Radiation Oncology covers the principles of evidence-based medicine and applies them to the design of translational research. The book provides valuable discussions on the critical appraisal of published studies and recent developments in radiation oncology, allowing readers to learn how to evaluate the quality of such studies with respect to measuring outcomes and make effective use of all types of evidence. By reading this book, researchers have access to a practical approach to help them navigate challenging considerations in study design and implementation.

It is a valuable resource for researchers, oncologists and members of biomedical field who want to understand more about translational research applied to the field of radiation oncology. Translational medicine serves as an indispensable tool in grant writing and funding efforts, so understanding how to apply its principles to research is necessary to guarantee that results will be impactful to patients.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Handbook for Designing and Conducting Clinical and Translational Research
Copyright
List of contributors
Foreword
Preface
Part I. Introduction
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Translational process
Key points
Why it matters
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Chapter 3. Scientific method
Key points
Why it matters
Reliability of scientific research
Get started
Additional reading
Chapter 4. Basic research
Key points
Why it matters
Disciplines
Common lab techniques
Major areas of current investigation
Get started
Resources
Selected website links
Part II. Pre-clinical: Discovery and development
Chapter 5. Overview of preclinical research
Key points
Why it matters?
Related research
Methods and techniques
Selection of an appropriate tumor model in animal studies
Evaluation of the tumor response
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 6. What problem are you solving?
Key points
Why it matters?
Appropriate target volume delineation
Optimal constraints of OAR
Outcome of isolated PALN recurrence
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 7. Types of interventions: drug, device, diagnostic, procedural technique, or behavior change
Key points
Why it matters?
Drugs complementing the effect of radiotherapy
Devices for precision radiotherapy
Diagnostic tools for target delineation
Procedural techniques
Behavior change
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 8. Drug discovery
Key points
Why does it matter?
Drug discovery in radiation oncology
Pitfalls to avoid
Get started
Chapter 9. Drug testing
In vitro testing: clonogenic assay and cell survival curve
In vivo testing
Major area of current investigation
Budgetary considerations
Chapter 10. Device discovery and prototyping
Key points
Why it matters
Overview
Prototyping (iterative refinement, optimization process)
Disciplines and common lab methods/techniques
Major areas of investigation
Budgetary considerations and how to fund this stage
Get started
Pitfalls
Chapter 11. Device testing
Key points
Why it matters
Overview
Classification system for devices
Safety testing
Brief overview of FDA submission process
Budgetary considerations and how to fund this stage
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 12. Diagnostic discovery
Key points
Why it matters
Significant areas of current investigation
Case study—meningioma
Predictive biomarkers for radiation therapy
Molecular signatures
Circulating tumor DNA
Theoretical example of a diagnostic discovery study
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Chapter 13. Diagnostic testing
Key points
Why it Matters
Next-generation sequencing
Proteomics
Diagnostic testing-real-time PCR
Get started
Pitfalls
Resources and funding sources
Chapter 14. Procedural technique development in radiation oncology
Key Points
Introduction
Reirradiation
Stereotaxy
Flash radiotherapy
Chapter 15. Behavioral intervention studies in radiation oncology
Key points
Why it matters
The NIH stage model for behavioral intervention development
Stages
Get started
Best practices and potential pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 16. Artificial intelligence
Key points
Why it matters
The basics of AI and deep learning
Radiation oncology and AI
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Part III. Clinical: Fundamentals
Chapter 17. Introduction to clinical research: What is it? Why is it needed?
Key points
Introduction
Chapter 18. The question: types of research questions and how to develop them
Why it matters/key points
What is a research question?
Types of research questions
Developing a research question
Evaluating a research question
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples
Defined terms
Chapter 19. Defining the study population: who and why?
Why it matters/key points
What is the study population?
How can the study population be defined?
What are the types of sampling for defining a study population?
Evaluating a study population
Get started
Pitfalls
Real-world examples
Chapter 20. Outcome measurements: What data are being collected and why?
Chapter 21. Optimizing the question: Balancing significance and feasibility: Will the findings affect change? Can that change be implemented in clinical practice?
Key points
Why it matters?
Case-based learning
Case study 1: designing trials that address a research question of significance and importance
Case study 2: addressing barriers to accrual and trial completion
Case study 3: designing trials conducive to translation into clinical practice
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 22. Statistical efficiency in study design
Key points
Continuous value or binary cutpoint?
Time-to-event or landmark time?
Appendix
Part IV. Statistical principles
Chapter 23. Basic statistical principles
Key points
Why it matters
Confidence intervals
P-values
Sensitivity and specificity
Positive and negative predictive values
Incidence and prevalence
Odds ratios and risk ratios
Attributable risks and absolute risk reduction
Number needed to treat and number needed to harm
Precision and accuracy
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 24. Distribution
Key points
The normal (Gaussian) distribution
The standard normal distribution
Skewness and kurtosis as measures of distribution curve's shape
Other types of continuous distribution
Discrete probability distributions
Chapter 25. Hypotheses and error types
Key points
Introduction
Null hypotheses, alternative hypotheses, and hypothesis testing
Types of error and mitigation
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 26. Power
Key points
Introduction
Factors impacting power calculation
Clinical trial examples of power
Pitfalls of power analysis
Get started
Conclusions
Additional resources
Chapter 27. Regression
Key points
Why it matters
Linear regression
Logistic regression
Chapter 28. Continuous variable analyses: t-test, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxin rank
Key points
Introduction
Identifying and analyzing continuous data
Parametric tests: the t-tests
Non-parametric tests: the Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Executing the Mann–Whitney U test
Executing the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
Conclusion
Examples
Pitfalls to avoid
Getting started
Resources
Problem
Solution
Problem
Solution
Problem
Solution
Problem
Solution
Chapter 29. Categorical variable analyses: Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mantel–Haenszel
Key points
Introduction
Categorical data
Chi-square
Fisher's exact
Real-world example
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (Mantel–Haenszel X2 test)
Real-world example
Get started
Pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 30. Analysis of variance
Key points
Why it matters
One-way ANOVA
Two-way ANOVA (two factor without replication aka randomized block design)
Pitfalls
Real-world examples
Get started
Chapter 31. Correlation
Key points
Introduction
Correlation
Pearson's correlation coefficient
How to calculate Pearson's correlation coefficient
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
Interpreting correlation coefficients
Factors impacting interpretation of correlation
Calculating sample size
Get started
Real-world examples
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 32. Biases
Key points
Introduction
Types of bias
Getting started
Real-world examples
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 33. Methods and statistics for high-throughput data in basic science
Key points
Introduction
General themes in nucleic acid-based omics data
DNA sequencing for mutation calling
Genome wide association studies
RNA sequencing
Chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing
Dimensionality reduction
Gene set enrichment analysis
Multiple hypothesis correction
Chapter 34. Sample size
Key points
Introduction
Determining the primary outcome
Determining the effect size
Conducting a power analysis
Pitfalls to avoid
Get started
Resources
Chapter 35. Statistical software
Key points
Introduction
SPSS
STATA
SAS/STAT
R
Part V. Clinical: Study types
Chapter 36. Design principles: hierarchy of study types
Key points
Introduction/why it matters
Design principles
Hierarchy of evidence
Critical appraisal studies
Experimental studies
Observational studies
Determining the appropriate study design
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 37. Case series: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Introduction
Case series
Exposure
Patient population
Outcome
Data sources
Ethical approval
Data collection
Benefits
Limitations
Research team
Get started
Real-world examples
Pitfalls
Chapter 38. Case-control study
Key points
Introduction
Case-control study
Source population
Outcome
Exposure
Control group
Case group
Eligibility criteria
Matching criteria
Data sources
Study design
Nested case-control
Case-cohort
Case-crossover
Matched case-control
Ethical approval
Data collection
Data analysis
Odds ratio
Matching
Mahalanobis distance
Benefits
Limitations
Research team
Get started
Real-world examples
Pitfalls
Chapter 39. Cohort studies
Key points
Introduction
Cohort study
World examples
Pitfalls
Get started
Additional resources
Chapter 40. Cross-sectional study
Key points
Why it matters
Definition
Descriptive studies
Analytical studies
Sampling and data collection
Analysis
Advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies
Pitfalls to be avoided
Get started
Chapter 41. Longitudinal studies
Key points
Introduction—why are these studies important
Financial considerations
Get started—action items
Pitfalls to avoid
Additional reading
Chapter 42. Meta-analysis: design, measures, real-world examples
Key points
Introduction
Steps to conduct a successful meta-analysis
Real-world meta-analyses
Common pitfalls to avoid when conducting a meta-analysis
Get started
Resources and further readings
Chapter 43. A cost-effectiveness study: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Introduction
Steps to designing a CEA study
Pitfalls in CEA studies
Conclusions
Resources
Glossary terms
Getting started
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 44. Diagnostic test evaluation
Chapter 45. Reliability study
Terminology in conventional reliability study
Terminology applicable for quantitative imaging
Repeatability and reproducibility studies of an imaging test with nominal scale and three readers
Repeatability and reproducibility studies of an imaging test with nominal scale and five readers
Accuracy and precision studies based on an algorithm-driven device for pathology slide reads
Precision study
Summary
Chapter 46. Database studies
Key points
Introduction
Databases for epidemiologic research
Database studies for trends in radiotherapy utilization
Comparative effectiveness research
Getting started
Limitations of big databases for CER
Databases for rare malignances and uncommon scenarios
Potential pitfalls
Conclusions
Chapter 47. Surveys and questionnaires: design, measures, and classical examples
Key points
Introduction
Development and testing of questionnaires
Design-related considerations
Biases in survey research
How to get funded
Getting started
Further reading
Common pitfalls to avoid
Summary points
Resources
Chapter 48. Qualitative methods and mixed-methods: design, measures, and classic examples
Key points
Introduction
Methods
Get started
Budget and funds
Chapter 49. Visual analytics: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Why it matters
Visual analytics: definition, motivation, and types
Role of visual analytics in radiation oncology
Networks: definition and analytical methods
Application of bipartite networks to model molecular heterogeneity
Results
Potential pitfalls
Get started
Resources
Part VI. Clinical trials
Chapter 50. Randomized controlled trial
Key points
Randomized controlled trials
Standard research team personnel and roles
Budgetary considerations and funding
Chapter 51. Nonrandomized trials in clinical oncology
Key term
Key points
Introduction
Endpoints
Sample size
Comparison to a historical control population
Adaptive trial design
Statistical design
Success and failure of nonrandomized studies
Chapter 52. Historical control: design and measures
Benefits and limitations
Budgetary considerations
Chapter 53. Crossover study
Key points
Chapter 54. Factorial design
Key points
Why it matters/introduction
Factorial design
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Examples of factorial design
Resources
Chapter 55. Large, pragmatic: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Introductory section/why it matters
Benefits and limitations of large, pragmatic RCTs
Design of large, pragmatic RCTs
Examples of large, pragmatic RCTs
Research team personnel and roles
Budgetary considerations
Get started
Pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 56. Equivalence and non-inferiority trials: design, measures, classic example
Key points
Equivalence trials
Non-inferiority trials
Standard research team personnel and roles
Budgetary considerations and funding
Chapter 57. Adaptive designs
Key points
Introductory section/why it matters
Potential pitfalls
Examples of confirmatory studies for acute radiation syndrome treatment
Examples of screening studies for oncologic drug development
Chapter 58. Randomization: fixed or adaptive procedures
Introduction
Uses of randomization
Types of randomizations
Limitations of randomization
Chapter 59. Blinding: who and why?
Why do we blind?
Who and how do we blind?
Importance and impact on findings
Limitations of blinding: (when it is and it is not possible)
Perfect blinding: (how to go about it effectively)
Conclusion
Chapter 60. Phase 0 trials: windows of opportunity
Key points
Why it matters
Get started
Rationale for phase 0 studies
Phase 0 study design and practical considerations
Potential concerns of phase 0 studies
Closing remarks
Chapter 61. Registries
Key points
Why it matters
Conclusion
Getting started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 62. Phases of clinical trials: overview
Key points
Introduction
Phase 0 trials
Example
Phase I trials
Example
Phase II trials
Example
Phase III trials
Example
Phase IV trials
Example
Conclusion
Chapter 63. IDEAL framework for innovations in surgery
Key points
Why it matters?
Introduction
The preclinical stage
Idea stage
Development stage
Exploration
Assessment
Long-term study
Defining the problem context
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Part VII. Clinical: Preparation
Chapter 64. Patient perspectives
Key points
Why it matters
Development of research questions
Study design and conduct
Dissemination and implementation
Patient perspectives as research topic
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Resources
Chapter 65. Ethics and review boards: Guiding principles, permissible and non-permissible questions, IRB process
Key points
Why it matters
Guiding principles
Conclusion
Potential pitfalls
Get started
Resources
Chapter 66. Regulatory considerations for new drugs and devices
Key points
Introductory
Drug regulation
Device regulation
For more information
Chapter 67. Funding approaches
Key points
Why it matters?
Introduction
Sources of funding
Disparities in biomedical research funding
Conclusions
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 68. Conflicts of interest
Key points
Introduction
Why it matters
Defining the problem of COI
Get started
Chapter 69. Clinical preparation—subject recruitment
Key points
Introductory section/why it matters
Where and when to engage in subject recruitment and retention
How to implement interventions
Get started
Pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources: additional reading, consultants, contractors
Chapter 70. Quality control
Key points
Introductory section/why it matters
Chapter 71. Translational radiation research—special populations
Introduction: populations
Cancer site-specific disparities
Conclusions
Chapter 72. Case report forms
Introduction
Who is the case report form written for?
When should the case report form be completed?
How should the case report form be completed?
Why should the case report form be completed?
Chapter 73. Subject adherence: are the subjects following the protocol? If not, how to assess and analyze (intention to treat vs. per protocol)
Section highlights
Introduction
Analyzing and interpreting adherence data in clinical trials
Common pitfalls to avoid
Key points
Examples of subject adherence related literature
Resources
Chapter 74. Survival analysis
Key points
Introduction
Life table
Cox-proportional hazard
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Part VIII. Regulatory basics
Chapter 75. FDA overview
Key points
Introduction
Organization of FDA
The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
The Center for Devices and Radiological Health
FDA decision-making
FDA resources
Get started
Potential pitfall
Useful resources
Real-world examples
Chapter 76. Investigational New Drug Applications
Key points
Introduction
What is a sponsor?
IND exemptions
The IND submission
The FDA review process
Sponsor and investigator responsibilities regarding the IND
Expanded access programs
Get started
Pitfalls
Real-world examples
Resources
Chapter 77. New drug application
Introductory/Why it matters: overview
Approval pathways
Get started: process: NDA submission and review
Potential pitfalls: common challenges
Chapter 78. Regulatory basics - medical devices for the US market
Key points
Why it matters
FDA's regulatory authority
Medical device regulation
Common challenges and pitfalls
Get started
Use a medical product?
Resources
Chapter 79. Regulatory basics: radiation-emitting electronic products
Key points
Why it matters
Common challenges and pitfalls
Get started
Resources
Chapter 80. Orphan drugs
Introductory
key points
OOPD core programs
Orphan drugs in oncology
Chapter 81. Biologics License Application
Key points
Introductory/why it matters: overview
Biosimilars15
Potential pitfalls: common challenges
Chapter 82. Combination products
Classification and jurisdiction assignment
Product jurisdiction/assignment of combination and non-combination products
Chapter 83. Chemistry, manufacturing, and controls
Introduction
Types of Information Included in the CMC Section
CMC for IND application
CMC for Phase 1, 2, and 3
CMC Submission Differences between INDs and NDAs
GMP and cGMP
Summary
Chapter 84. Postmarket drug safety monitoring
Key points
Introduction
Reporting requirements
Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies
Postmarketing requirements (PMRs) and commitments (PMCs)
FDA's office of surveillance and epidemiology
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world example
Resources
Chapter 85. Postmarket device safety monitoring
Key points
Why it matters?
FDA postmarket regulation
Device recalls
Active surveillance
Manufacturer inspections
Get started
Pitfalls
Resources
Part IX. Clinical implementation
Chapter 86. Implementation research overview
Key points
Objectives
Why it matters
Barriers and facilitators
Evaluate trials
Identifying gaps in care and clinical question
Theories and approach
Major current research
Potential pitfalls
Chapter 87. Design and analysis
Objectives
Key points
Introduction
Example of a randomized controlled trial
Example of case-control study
Review articles
Measurement challenges
Fidelity
External validity
Dissemination
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 88. Mixed-methods research
Key points
Introduction
Get started
Chapter 89. Clinical guideline development
Key points
Introduction
Finding a topic and creating a task force
Creating the key questions
Establishing and defining the quality of evidence
Guideline recommendations
Establishing and defining the strength of the recommendation
Guideline supporting text
Conclusion
Get started
Common pitfalls
Chapter 90. History of the Cooperative Group system (National Clinical Trials Network)
Radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging quality assurance
The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and the NRG
Success of Cooperative Group studies
NCTN commitment to diversity and inclusion
Future directions
Chapter 91. Digital health
Key points
Introduction: get started
Benefits of digital health in oncology
Symptom monitoring
Potential pitfalls: limitations of digital health
Conclusion
Part X. Public health
Chapter 92. Public health and cancer: an overview
Key points
Introduction
Prevention and incidence
Diagnosis and screening
Disparities in cancer care
Survivorship
National legislation and health policy
Research agenda
Budgetary considerations
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples and resources
Chapter 93. Epidemiology
Key points
Why it matters
Overview
Objectives
Principles
Data sources
Methods
Analysis
Limitations
Examples
Get started
Pitfalls
Additional resources
Chapter 94. Multifactorial considerations of human health and public health in oncology
Key points
Introduction
Biomedical considerations
Social/socioeconomic considerations
Behavioral considerations
Systems considerations
Environmental considerations
Conclusion
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Real-world examples and resources
Chapter 95. Good questions
Key points
Why it matters
How to ask the right public health research questions
Meaningful
Measurable
Feasible
Examples
Get started
Pitfalls
Additional resources
Chapter 96. Population and environmental-specific considerations
Key points
Why it matters?
Age effects
Race effects
Smoking effects
Environmental factors
Insurance and socioeconomic status factors
Pitfalls to avoid
Chapter 97. Public health law
Key points
Introduction
Case 1: Vaccine mandates and misinformation
Case 2: Paid clinical trial participation and therapeutic misconception
Case 3: Drug pricing
Conclusion
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 98. Public health institutions and systems
Why it matters
Navigating translational science
Pitfalls to avoid
Get started
Chapter 99. Diversity, equity, and inclusion
Key points
Introduction
Why DEI matters
The current state of US clinical trial enrollment
Barriers and potential pitfalls to diverse clinical trial enrollment
How can we improve now and in the future? A solutions-based approach
Conclusion
Additional resources
Part XI. Practical resources
Chapter 100. Ethics in scientific publishing
Authorship
Plagiarism
Falsification and fabrication
Investigative process
Recourse for early-career authors
Conclusion
Chapter 101. Presenting data
Key points
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Introduction
Presenting results in text
Describing your study population
Figures and plots
Best practices for figures and plots
Resources
Chapter 102. Manuscript preparation
Key points
Why it matters
History of the manuscript
Preparing the manuscript
How to create a title
How to write an abstract
How to write an introduction
How to write a methods/materials section
How to write a results section
How to write a discussion section
Pitfalls
Examples
Getting started
Resources
Chapter 103. Promoting research
Key points
Introduction
Author-level metrics
Journal-level metrics
Altmetrics
Conclusion
Pitfalls
Get started
Chapter 104. Social media and clinical trials
Introduction
Physician communities
Patient communities
Physician and patient engagement
Caveats
Chapter 105. Quality improvement
Key points
Why it matters
Definition of study type
Benefits
Limitations
Designing your own study1–6
Designing a successful, focused QI study
Recently published examples
Standard research team and roles
Budgetary considerations and funding
Get started
Pitfalls to avoid
Additional resources
Chapter 106. Education to translate research into practice
Key points
Introduction
Step-wise approach to educational design
Key curriculum design considerations
Key points
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 107. Team science and building a team
Introduction
Developing and defining a research team
Project management
Feedback and psychological safety
Conclusion
Getting Started
Potential Pitfalls
Resources
Chapter 108. Promoting research: why, how, indices h-index, m-index, etc
Introduction
Need of such index
Advantage
Limitations
Alternatives and modifications
Newer indexes
Conclusion
Chapter 109. Venture Pathways for aspiring radiation oncologists
Key points
Why it matters?
Radiation Oncology in perspective
Clinical aspect
Regulatory aspect
Infrastructural aspect
Technical aspect
Financial aspect
Critical pathways, divisions, and dimensions
Hub and spoke model
Focus on one disease
Unique rollout strategy
Tech-enabled disruptive innovation
Quality and financial prudence
Case study of acquisition: Suchirayu
Points to note and pitfalls to avoid
Approach
Fit for purpose branding
Purposeful nonconformism
Cost-effectiveness
Community involvement
Failure in perspective
Solution-centric collaboration
Committed core team
Government as a key stakeholder
Media management
Equity in perspective
HCG's PE route to redemption
Chapter 110. Developing Translational Ventures with the Federal Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) Seed Funds
Key points
Overview
The three phases4
Which federal agencies participate in the SBIR/STTR program?
How much fund does SBIR/STTR provide?
The roles and benefits of SBIR/STTR for translational ventures
How to choose between SBIR and STTR?
How to apply?
Resources to help develop competitive SBIR/STTR applications
Chapter 111. Sample forms and templates
Key points
Introduction/why it matters
Using sample forms and templates for study design, IRB submission, and grant funding application while relying on PICO, Gantt Chart, EQUATOR, CONSORT, and Lincoln & Guba Framework
Get started
Potential pitfalls
Resources
Glossary
Index

Jeffrey A. Bakal

Jeff Bakal PhD, P.Stat. is the Program Director for Provincial Research Data Services at Alberta Health Services which operates the Alberta Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) data platform and Health Service Statistical & Analytics Methods teams. He has over 10 years of experience working with Health Services data and Randomized Clinical Trials. He completed his PhD jointly with the Department of Mathematics and Statistics and the School of Physical Health and Education at Queen's University. He has worked on the methodology and analysis of several international studies in business strategy, ophthalmology, cardiology, geriatric medicine and the analysis of kinematic data resulting in several peer reviewed articles and conference presentations. His current interests are in developing statistical methodology for time-to-event data and the development of classification tools to assist in patient decision making processes.

Affiliations and expertise

Division General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta, Canada

Daniel Kim

Daniel Kim works in Radiation Oncology at the Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA.

Affiliations and expertise

Radiation Oncology, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA

David Wazer

David E. Wazer, MD, is Professor and Chairman of the Department of Radiation Oncology at Brown University. He is radiation oncologist-in-chief at Rhode Island Hospital, the Miriam Hospital, Newport Hospital, and Women and Infants Hospital. He serves as Director of the Lifespan Cancer Institute. Dr. Wazer’s current areas of clinical research include the study of the efficacy, toxicity, and cost/utility analysis of image-guided radiation therapy, proton beam radiotherapy, partial breast irradiation, and brachytherapy. He is actively involved in the development of clinical trials for cancers of the breast, skin, GI tract, and lung. He is also actively engaged in multiple initiatives to promote and advance oncology care in the developing world.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor and Chairman, Department of Radiation Oncology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, USA

Adam E.M. Eltorai

Adam E. M. Eltorai, MD, PhD completed his graduate studies in Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology along with his medical degree from Brown University. His work has spanned the translational spectrum with a focus on medical technology innovation and development. Dr. Eltorai has published numerous articles and books.

Affiliations and expertise

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Translational Radiation Oncology

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Resources

Jeffrey A. Bakal

Daniel Kim

David Wazer

Adam E.M. Eltorai

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