Tone

List of Contributors

Preface

Introduction

I Production of Tone


1. Introduction


2. Review of Laryngeal Anatomy and Physiology


3. Brief History of Research on Pitch Regulation


4. Recent Issues in Laryngeal Physiology


5. First Steps Toward Explaining Universal Tone Patterns

References

II The Perception of Tone


1. Introduction


2. Acoustic Correlates of Tone


3. Perceptual Effects of Tone Sandhi


4. Differential Threshold for Pitch


5. Categorical Perception of Tone


6. Hemispheric Specialization for Tonal Processing


7. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Tone Perception


8. Concluding Remarks

References

III Consonant Types, Vowel Quality, and Tone


1. Introduction


2. Effect of Consonant Types on Tone


3. Effect of Tone on Consonants


4. Effects of Vowel Quality on Tone


5. Other Types of Tone Changes

References

IV What Is a Tone Language?


1. Standard Japanese


2. Mandarin Chinese


3. Enlarging the Typology


4. A Postscript on Syllables and Moras

References

V Tone Features


1. Introduction


2. Tone Levels


3. Tonal Contours


4. Feature Systems for Tonal Analysis

References

VI The Representation of Tone


1. Introduction


2. Etsako


3. Mende


4. Hausa

References

VII Tone Rules


1. The Formalization of Tone Rules


2. Interaction of Tones and Segments


3. Rules Which Determine the Domain of a Tone


4. Rules Which Operate within a Given Segmental Domain


5. Tone and Intonation


6. Paradigmatic Replacement of Tones


7. Grammatical Tone and Grammaticalized Tone Rules

References

VIII Historical Tonology


1. Introduction


2. General Principles


3. Tonally Induced Change


4. Accentually Induced Change


5. Boundary-Induced Change


6. Segmentally Induced Change


7. Conclusion

References

IX The Acquisition of Tone


1. Introduction


2. The Questions


3. The Data


4. Discussion


5. Directions for Further Research

References

Language Index

Subject Index