Tone

A Linguistic Survey

1st Edition - January 1, 1978

Editor: Victoria A. Fromkin

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 1 - 4 8 3 2 - 7 3 7 6 - 1

Tone: A Linguistic Survey is a nine-chapter text that considers the phonetics and phonology of tone from both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view. The first chapters… Read more

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Tone: A Linguistic Survey is a nine-chapter text that considers the phonetics and phonology of tone from both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view. The first chapters deal with the physiological and perceptual correlations of tone. These chapters also describe the interactions of tonal and nontonal features. The succeeding chapters provide the phonetic basis for phonological tonal phenomena. These topics are followed by discussions of the physical and physiological aspects of tone, the number of possible contrastive tones in a language, and a suprasegmental representation of tones based on linguistic evidence. This text also summarizes the kinds of tone rules found in languages and the important syntactic function played by tone in a number of the world’s languages, particularly those in Africa. The final chapters look into the general and specific principles that constrain historical tone change. This book will prove useful to students with phonology course.

List of Contributors

Preface

Introduction

I Production of Tone

1. Introduction

2. Review of Laryngeal Anatomy and Physiology

3. Brief History of Research on Pitch Regulation

4. Recent Issues in Laryngeal Physiology

5. First Steps Toward Explaining Universal Tone Patterns

References

II The Perception of Tone

1. Introduction

2. Acoustic Correlates of Tone

3. Perceptual Effects of Tone Sandhi

4. Differential Threshold for Pitch

5. Categorical Perception of Tone

6. Hemispheric Specialization for Tonal Processing

7. Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Tone Perception

8. Concluding Remarks

References

III Consonant Types, Vowel Quality, and Tone

1. Introduction

2. Effect of Consonant Types on Tone

3. Effect of Tone on Consonants

4. Effects of Vowel Quality on Tone

5. Other Types of Tone Changes

References

IV What Is a Tone Language?

1. Standard Japanese

2. Mandarin Chinese

3. Enlarging the Typology

4. A Postscript on Syllables and Moras

References

V Tone Features

1. Introduction

2. Tone Levels

3. Tonal Contours

4. Feature Systems for Tonal Analysis

References

VI The Representation of Tone

1. Introduction

2. Etsako

3. Mende

4. Hausa

References

VII Tone Rules

1. The Formalization of Tone Rules

2. Interaction of Tones and Segments

3. Rules Which Determine the Domain of a Tone

4. Rules Which Operate within a Given Segmental Domain

5. Tone and Intonation

6. Paradigmatic Replacement of Tones

7. Grammatical Tone and Grammaticalized Tone Rules

References

VIII Historical Tonology

1. Introduction

2. General Principles

3. Tonally Induced Change

4. Accentually Induced Change

5. Boundary-Induced Change

6. Segmentally Induced Change

7. Conclusion

References

IX The Acquisition of Tone

1. Introduction

2. The Questions

3. The Data

4. Discussion

5. Directions for Further Research

References

Language Index

Subject Index