Tidy’s Physiotherapy: South Asia edition
- 1st Edition - December 18, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier India
- Editor: Rajeev Aggarwal
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 6 8 1 6 - 2
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 6 8 1 7 - 9
Tidy’s Physiotherapy: South Asia Edition is a comprehensive book for physiotherapy students as well as physiotherapy professionals. It covers fundamentals of physiotherapy, Physi… Read more
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Request a sales quoteTidy’s Physiotherapy: South Asia Edition is a comprehensive book for physiotherapy students as well as physiotherapy professionals. It covers fundamentals of physiotherapy, Physiotherapy in musculoskeletal conditions, Sports injuries, Cardiopulmonary conditions, Intensive care units,
Neurological conditions, Women’s health and Geriatric conditions.
Neurological conditions, Women’s health and Geriatric conditions.
Salient Features
• Chapters are revised and updated to meet the need of Physiotherapy students and professionals of India and South Asian countries
• Chapter wise MCQs have been added in chapters to revise the lessons learnt and help in competitive exams
• All the chapters are written succinctly with judicious balance of tables, pictures, boxes and line diagrams including flowcharts
• Contributors are eminent physiotherapy and medical professionals with vast clinical and academic experience
• The book has been written according to proposed physiotherapy syllabus by National Commission for Allied and Health care professions
New to this Edition
• 11 New chapters have been added in South Asia edition, the chapters are
1. Physiotherapist as a Health Care Professional: the Roles and Responsibilities
2. Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology for Physical Therapists
3. Orthotics and Prosthetics
4. Physiotherapy in Intensive care unit
5. Neurological Physiotherapy
6. Physiotherapy in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders
7. Geriatric Physiotherapy
8. Yoga in Physiotherapy
9. Domiciliary Physiotherapy
10. Tele-Physiotherapy
11. Basic Ergonomics
• Online six chapters
1. Collaborative Health and Social Care, and the Role of Inter-Professional Education
2. Clinical Leadership
3. Reflection
4. Changing Relationships for Promoting Health
5. Pharmacology
6. Acupuncture in Physiotherapy
• Chapters are revised and updated to meet the need of Physiotherapy students and professionals of India and South Asian countries
• Chapter wise MCQs have been added in chapters to revise the lessons learnt and help in competitive exams
• All the chapters are written succinctly with judicious balance of tables, pictures, boxes and line diagrams including flowcharts
• Contributors are eminent physiotherapy and medical professionals with vast clinical and academic experience
• The book has been written according to proposed physiotherapy syllabus by National Commission for Allied and Health care professions
New to this Edition
• 11 New chapters have been added in South Asia edition, the chapters are
1. Physiotherapist as a Health Care Professional: the Roles and Responsibilities
2. Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology for Physical Therapists
3. Orthotics and Prosthetics
4. Physiotherapy in Intensive care unit
5. Neurological Physiotherapy
6. Physiotherapy in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders
7. Geriatric Physiotherapy
8. Yoga in Physiotherapy
9. Domiciliary Physiotherapy
10. Tele-Physiotherapy
11. Basic Ergonomics
• Online six chapters
1. Collaborative Health and Social Care, and the Role of Inter-Professional Education
2. Clinical Leadership
3. Reflection
4. Changing Relationships for Promoting Health
5. Pharmacology
6. Acupuncture in Physiotherapy
- Tidy’s Physiotherapy
- Cover image
- Title page
- Disclaimer
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Foreword to the South Asia Edition
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- SECTION I. Physiotherapy as Profession
- 1. Physiotherapist as a health care professional: The roles and responsibilities
- Introduction
- History of physiotherapy in India and South Asian countries
- Regulations
- Roles of regulatory bodies
- Responsibilities of physiotherapists
- Scope of practice
- Code of ethics in physiotherapy (adopted from world physiotherapy—formerly known as world confederation for physical therapy)
- Evidence-based physiotherapy
- Types of delivery of physiotherapy services
- Safety of physiotherapists and patients
- Physiotherapist as a team member
- Professional development in physiotherapy
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- SECTION II. Fundamentals of Physiotherapy
- 2. Therapeutic exercises
- Introduction
- Strengthening exercises
- Introduction
- Measurement of muscle strength
- Isokinetic assessment
- Strength training
- Mobilizing exercises
- Introduction
- Classes of mobilizing exercise
- Progression of exercise
- The starting position
- Length of the lever
- Speed of movement
- Range of movement
- Resistance to movement
- Dealing with movement dysfunction
- Rehabilitation of sensorimotor control
- Exercises aimed at accessing the sensorimotor control loop to develop and enhance movement control
- Rehabilitation of sensorimotor control of the limbs
- Issues
- The lower limb
- The upper limb
- Rehabilitation of sensorimotor control of the spine
- Plyometric exercises
- Functional testing and rehabilitation
- Group exercise
- Benefits and drawbacks
- Planning group work
- Format of a group session
- Circuit training
- Hydrotherapy
- Buoyancy
- Turbulence
- Streamlining
- Exercise prescription and compliance
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 3. Muscle imbalance
- Introduction
- What is muscle imbalance?
- Stability
- Neurophysiological components of muscle balance
- Motor control
- Muscle length adaptations
- Examination and assessment principles
- Treatment, intervention, and management principles
- Subjective examination
- Objective examination
- Plan
- Evaluation
- The cervical spine region
- Muscles
- Deep cervical flexors
- Posture
- Assessment and treatment
- The shoulder complex
- Scapulohumeral rhythm
- Muscles acting on the scapulothoracic joint
- Muscles acting on the glenohumeral joint
- Clinical presentations of the shoulder complex
- The knee
- Vastus medialis oblique
- Assessment
- Treatment/management
- Review questions
- Answers
- Acknowledgments
- Reference
- 4. Biomechanics
- Introduction
- Clinical gait analysis
- Kinematics
- The gait cycle
- Spatial and temporal parameters of gait
- Analysis of joint movement during gait
- How to find segment angles and joint angles
- Motion of the ankle joint
- Motion of the knee joint
- Motion of the hip joint in the sagittal plane
- Motion of the pelvis in the coronal plane (pelvic obliquity)
- Motion of the pelvis in the transverse plane (pelvic rotation)
- How to find linear displacement, velocity, and acceleration
- Linear displacement
- Linear velocity
- Linear acceleration
- Kinematics of a reaching task
- Linear displacement of the hand during reaching with and without shoulder dysfunction
- Linear velocity of the hand during reaching with and without shoulder dysfunction
- Linear acceleration of the hand during reaching with and without shoulder dysfunction
- How to find angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration
- Angular displacement
- Angular velocity
- Angular acceleration
- Kinematics of the knee during walking
- Knee angular displacement of normal knee function and medial compartment knee osteoarthritis during walking
- Knee angular velocity of normal knee function and a patient with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis during walking
- Knee angular acceleration of normal knee function and a patient with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis during walking
- Methods of movement analysis
- Common clinical tools
- Walk mat systems
- Movement analysis systems
- Understanding forces
- Forces
- Newton’s first law
- Newton’s second law
- Newton’s third law
- Mass and weight
- Mass
- Weight
- Acceleration owing to gravity
- Static equilibrium
- Free-body analysis
- How forces act on the body
- Ground reaction forces
- Ground reaction forces during the gait cycle
- Methods of force analysis
- Video vector generators
- Force platforms
- Pressure systems
- Understanding moments and forces
- How forces and moments act on the body
- How to find moments in the upper limb
- Moments about the elbow
- How to find moments in the lower limb
- Moments about the knee
- How to find muscle and joint forces
- Worked example 1: How to find muscle and joint forces in the upper limb
- Worked example 2: How to find moments in the lower limb
- Worked example 3: How to find muscle and joint forces on the base of the spine
- Moments about the ankle, knee and hip joints during normal walking
- Typical ankle moments during normal gait
- Typical knee moments during normal gait
- Typical hip moments during normal gait
- How to find linear work, energy, and power
- Linear work
- Linear power
- Linear energy
- Conservation of energy
- How to find angular work and power
- Angular work
- Angular power
- Joint power during normal walking
- Ankle power
- Knee power
- Hip power
- Strength testing and training
- Changing the effective moment caused by the body segment inclination
- Position and size of the applied load
- Muscle insertion points
- Effect of the angle of muscle pull
- Type of muscle contraction
- Effect of the speed of contraction
- Methods of objective assessment
- Conclusion
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- 5. Soft tissue manipulation
- Introduction
- Preparation
- Treatment room
- Couch
- Self-preparation
- Patient preparation
- Coupling media
- Legal aspects
- Contraindications
- Techniques
- Stroking manipulations
- Pressure manipulations or petrissage
- Percussion or tapotement manipulations
- Other techniques
- Myofascial release
- Myofascial spread
- Fascial lift and roll
- Myofascial mobilization
- Frictions
- Trigger pointing and acupressure
- Acupressure
- Specific usage of massage
- Tension headaches
- Specific frictions for tennis elbow
- Friction of tendo-achilles
- Massage for lymphedema
- Next steps in massage: How to build on and enhance basic massage skills
- Final thoughts
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 6. Pain
- Introduction
- Theories of pain
- Physiology of pain
- Activation of the nociceptive system
- Sensitization of the nociception/pain system
- Pain modulation via psychological and social influences
- Assessment and measurement of pain
- The WHO international classification of functioning, disability and health
- The interview
- Measures and scales
- Management of pain
- Promoting optimal function with reference to WHO ICF
- Deactivating/desensitizing the nociceptive system
- Targeting cortical representations of the body
- Limitations and opportunities
- Case study: Inflammatory phase (immediate postinjury to 2–5 days)
- Introduction
- The physiology of pain
- Physiotherapy appointment (day 2 postinjury)
- Management of pain
- Case study: The remodeling phase (from 3 weeks to 2+ years)
- Introduction
- The physiology of pain
- Physiotherapy appointment (4 months postinjury)
- Management of pain
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- 7. Electrophysical agents
- Introduction
- Scope
- Model of electrotherapy
- Therapeutic windows
- Electrotherapy modality grouping
- Electrical stimulation modalities
- General principles of electrical stimulation
- Nerve action potentials
- Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
- Interferential therapy
- Muscle stimulation modalities
- Microcurrent therapy
- Other forms of electrical stimulation
- Thermal modalities
- Introduction
- Principles of thermal treatments
- Therapeutic effects of heating therapies
- Infrared radiation
- Wax therapy
- Hot packs
- Shortwave and microwave diathermy
- Other radio frequency therapies
- Nonthermal modalities
- Introduction
- Therapeutic ultrasound
- Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and fracture healing
- Pulsed shortwave therapy
- Laser therapy/low-level laser therapy/low-intensity laser therapy
- Shockwave therapy
- Summary
- Review questions
- Answers:
- Reference
- 8. Diagnostic imaging and radiology for physical therapists
- Introduction
- Basics of radiology
- Diagnostic radiology in physiotherapy
- Role of diagnostic radiology in physiotherapy assessment
- Imaging modalities for diagnosis in physiotherapy
- Indications and contraindications for radiological examinations
- Interventional radiology in physiotherapy
- Technique and procedures
- Indications in physiotherapy
- Future directions and advances in radiology for physiotherapy
- Emerging imaging technologies and their potential impact on physiotherapy
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning in radiology for physiotherapy
- Conclusion
- Reference
- SECTION III. Physiotherapy in Musculoskeletal Conditions
- 9. Musculoskeletal assessment
- Introduction
- General issues
- When should physiotherapists assess patients?
- Format of a general assessment
- Aims of the subjective assessment
- Aims of the objective assessment
- Subjective assessment
- Objective assessment
- Spinal assessments
- The lumbar spine
- The cervical spine
- Peripheral joint assessments
- The shoulder joint
- The hip joint
- The knee joint
- The ankle and foot
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- 10. Physiotherapeutic management of inflammation, healing, and repair
- Introduction
- The continuum of tissue healing and repair
- Soft tissue injury
- Phases 1 and 2 of tissue healing and repair
- Phase 1: Bleeding (0–10 hours)
- Phase 2: Inflammation (0–4 days)
- Physiotherapy interventions in phases 1 and 2 (0–72 hours postinjury)
- Phases 3 and 4: Proliferation and remodeling
- Plasticity in human tissue
- Factors influencing the rate of healing in the stages of proliferation and remodeling
- Phase 3: Tissue proliferation (fibrous repair) (1–10+ days postinjury)
- General physiotherapy aims in the tissue proliferation stage—phase 3
- Phase 4: Tissue remodeling (10 days + postinjury)
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- 11. Management of sports injuries
- Introduction
- Qualifications, skills, and relevant continuing professional development
- Knowledge and skills needed
- Summary
- Role of the physiotherapist in sport
- Key preseason considerations
- Key prematch considerations
- Pitch-side
- Principles of first aid
- Practicalities of injury management
- Summary
- Role of the team doctor
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 12. An introduction to fractures
- Definition and classifications
- Classification of fractures
- Causes of fractures
- Trauma
- Pathological fractures
- Clinical features of fractures
- Pain
- Deformity
- Edema
- Muscle spasm
- Abnormal movement/crepitus
- Loss of function
- Shock
- Limitation of joint movement
- Muscle atrophy
- Fracture healing
- Healing of compact bone
- Healing of cancellous bone
- When is a fracture healed?
- Time for a fracture to unite
- Complications of fractures
- Principles of fracture management
- Reduction
- Immobilization
- Physiotherapy and fractures
- General issues
- Initial patient assessment
- The problem-oriented medical record
- The subjective assessment
- The objective assessment
- Setting goals for orthopedic patients
- Commonly encountered fractures and some principles of management
- Fractures of the upper limb
- Fractures of the lower limb
- Spinal fractures
- Cryotherapy
- Acknowledgments
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 13. Joint arthroplasty
- Introduction
- Definition and types
- Materials, design, and methods of fixation
- Contraindications to arthroplasty for joint replacement
- Upper limb arthroplasty
- Shoulder arthroplasty
- Total elbow arthroplasty
- The hand
- Lower limb arthroplasty
- Total hip replacement
- The implant
- Complications of hip replacement
- The immediate postoperative period
- Suggested rehabilitation protocol following total hip replacement
- After discharge
- Rehabilitation following revision surgery
- Total knee replacement
- The implant
- The operation
- Suggested rehabilitation protocol following total knee replacement
- Total ankle replacement
- Suggested rehabilitation protocol following total ankle replacement
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 14. Physiotherapy for people with major amputation
- Introduction
- Causes and levels of amputation
- The psychosocial impact of amputation
- Pain and pain relief
- Residual limb pain
- Phantom limb pain and sensations
- Secondary pain
- The role of the physiotherapist following lower-limb amputation
- Physiotherapy aims
- Considerations
- Physiotherapy assessment
- Assessment
- Problem list
- Treatment plan
- Stages of physiotherapy management
- Preoperative stage
- Postoperative stage
- Preprosthetic stage
- Prosthetic stage
- Lifelong stage
- Falls
- Prostheses
- Prosthetic gait deviations
- Transtibial level deviations
- Transfemoral level deviations
- Outcome measures
- Special considerations
- Children with amputation and limb absence
- Trauma and tumor amputation
- Upper-limb amputation
- Complex cases
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 15. Orthotics and prosthetics
- Introduction
- Essence of orthosis and prosthesis
- Orthosis
- Prosthesis
- Classification
- Principles: Orthosis and prosthesis
- Orthoses
- Prostheses
- Scope and boundaries of orthosis and prosthesis
- Indications
- Biomechanical principles
- Limitations and things to remember
- Role of a physiotherapist
- Checking orthosis and prosthesis
- Summary
- Review questions
- Answer key
- Further reading
- SECTION IV. Physiotherapy in Cardiopulmonary Conditions and Intensive Care Units
- 16. Management of respiratory diseases
- Introduction
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Basic issues
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Clinical features of COPD
- Medical treatment of COPD
- Physiotherapy techniques in COPD
- Asthma
- Types of asthma
- Etiology and prevalence of asthma
- Pathology of asthma
- Clinical features of asthma
- Acute severe asthma
- Medical treatment of asthma
- Physiotherapy techniques in asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Types and prevalence of bronchiectasis
- Pathology of bronchiectasis
- Clinical features of bronchiectasis
- Prognosis of bronchiectasis
- Management of bronchiectasis
- Physiotherapy for bronchiectasis
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pathology of cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary changes
- Other pathological changes
- Prognosis of cystic fibrosis
- Clinical features of cystic fibrosis
- Management of cystic fibrosis
- Physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis
- Restrictive pulmonary diseases
- Pneumonia
- Pleurisy
- Pleural effusion
- Empyema
- Pneumothorax
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Fibrosing alveolitis
- Other pulmonary diseases
- Lung abscess
- Pulmonary tuberculosis
- Bronchial and lung tumors
- Respiratory failure
- Causes of type 1 respiratory failure
- Causes of type 2 respiratory failure
- Clinical features
- Treatment
- Physiotherapy in respiratory failure
- Chronic hypercapnia/acute-on-chronic type 2 respiratory failure
- Respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease
- Sleep and breathing
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- 17. Adult spontaneous and conventional mechanical ventilation
- Introduction
- Spontaneous ventilation
- The respiratory muscles
- Respiratory mechanics and airflow
- The opposing forces to ventilation
- The frictional forces
- Respiratory failure
- Acute hypoxemic (type I) respiratory failure
- Ventilatory (type II) respiratory failure
- Pathways to respiratory failure
- Mechanical ventilation
- A potted history
- Invasive/conventional ventilation
- Ventilation modes
- The complications of mechanical ventilation
- Rehabilitation for the critical care population
- Who needs critical care rehabilitation?
- What is critical care rehabilitation?
- Guidance and evidence base
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 18. Physiotherapy in an intensive care unit
- Introduction
- Assessment
- Vitals monitoring
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Percussion
- Auscultation
- Investigations
- Management
- Respiratory physiotherapy (chest physiotherapy)
- Early mobilization
- Handling emergencies in ICU
- Infection control in ICU
- Review questions
- Answers
- Reference
- 19. Cardiac rehabilitation
- Introduction
- Background
- What is cardiac rehabilitation?
- Research evidence for cardiac rehabilitation
- Patient groups in cardiac rehabilitation
- Provision in the United Kingdom and cost-effectiveness
- Components of cardiac rehabilitation
- Operation and delivery
- Benefits of exercise training
- Physiological adaptations to exercise training in healthy individuals and coronary heart disease patients
- Adaptations at submaximal level of aerobic exercise
- Assessment for exercise prescription
- Contraindications to exercise
- Exercise prescription: The FITT principle
- Intensity of exercise
- Frequency
- Time
- Type
- Risk stratification
- Classification
- Functional capacity
- Exercise programming
- Warm-up
- Cardiovascular conditioning
- Class management
- Cool-down
- Progression
- Resistance training
- Exercise considerations for special populations
- Heart failure
- Older adults
- Hypertension
- Diabetes
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Obesity
- Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
- Respiratory conditions
- Exercise prescription and delivery across three phases of cardiac rehabilitation
- Phase I: Inpatient period
- Phase II: Postdischarge period
- Phase III: Long-term follow-up/maintenance outpatient program, including structured exercise
- Discharge planning
- Conclusion
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- References
- 20. Physiotherapy in thoracic surgery
- Applied aspects of the thorax
- The rib cage
- The lungs
- The esophagus
- Thoracic surgery
- Indications for surgery
- Preoperative investigations
- Types of thoracic incision
- Operations on the lung
- Pneumonectomy
- Lobectomy
- Segmental resection
- Wedge resection
- Lung volume-reduction surgery
- Complications of pulmonary surgery
- Operations on the pleura
- Pleurectomy
- Decortication
- Operations on the esophagus
- Esophageal resection
- Repair of esophageal perforations
- Complications of esophageal surgery
- Intercostal drains
- Amount and type of drainage
- Pain control in thoracic surgery
- Epidural anesthesia
- Paravertebral block
- Patient-controlled analgesia
- Transcutaneous nerve stimulation
- Oral analgesia
- The physiotherapist and thoracic surgery
- Preoperative care
- Postoperative care
- Patient assessment
- Modalities of physiotherapy
- Breathing exercises
- Forced expiration
- Supported cough
- Chest binders
- Positioning
- Fast-track protocols (early mobilization)
- Shoulder exercises
- Adjuncts to physiotherapy
- Discharge
- Acknowledgments
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- SECTION V. Physiotherapy In Neurological Conditions
- 21. Neurological physiotherapy
- Principal causes of neurological damage
- Clinical features due to neurological damage
- Impairments related to motor system
- Impairments related to sensory system
- Impairments related to movement
- Impairments related to cognition
- Impairments related to perception
- Impairments related to visual system
- Impairments related to auditory system
- Impairments related to communication/swallowing
- Impairments related to bladder/bowel
- Impairments related to autonomic nervous system
- Fatigue
- Assessment of an individual with neurological condition (Adapted from Bickerstaff 2017; Dejong 1999)
- International classification of functioning, disability, and health
- Interventions
- Cognitive rehabilitation
- Functional electrical stimulation
- Task-oriented approach
- Constraint-induced movement therapy
- Mirror therapy
- Mental/motor imagery
- Body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT)
- Robotic rehabilitation
- Posturography
- Virtual reality (VR)
- Common neurological conditions
- Stroke
- Pathology of stroke
- Clinical features
- Diagnosis of stroke
- Medical management of stroke
- Surgical management
- Physiotherapy
- Primary prevention and health promotion
- Assessment
- Goal setting
- Management
- Planning for discharge
- Post-discharge
- Interdisciplinary collaboration
- Tele-physiotherapy
- Brain injury/head injury
- Classification
- Pathophysiology
- Raised intracranial pressure
- Clinical features
- Investigations
- Management (Gerber et al. 2021)
- Physiotherapy services (Oberholzer and Muri 2019)
- Multiple sclerosis
- Introduction and epidemiology
- Etiopathology
- Subtypes of MS (Klineova 2018)
- Clinical presentation
- Medical management
- Physical rehabilitation
- Therapeutic modalities
- Motor neuron disease
- Clinical features
- Tongue atrophy and fasciculations
- Classification (Tartaglia 2007; Quinn 2020)
- Prognosis
- Management
- Physiotherapy (Ortega-Hombrados et al. 2021; Majumdar et al. 2014)
- Maintain function and quality of life
- Brachial plexus injury
- Causes and types of injury
- Investigations
- Management
- Spinal cord injuries
- Common causes
- Clinical presentation
- Clinical assessment
- Management
- Motor training
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Clinical features
- Management
- Acknowledgment
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 22. Physiotherapy in Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders
- Introduction
- Relevant anatomy
- Etiology and epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical presentation
- Motor symptoms
- Tremor
- Rigidity
- Hypokinesia or bradykinesia
- Postural instability
- Non-motor symptoms
- Cognitive dysfunction
- Mood disorder
- Psychotic disorder
- Autonomic dysfunction
- Sleep disorder
- Sensory impairment
- Classification
- Clinical course
- Diagnosis
- Medical management of PD
- Physiotherapy management
- Assessment
- Drug history
- Pain
- Bradykinesia
- Rigidity
- Tremor
- Posture
- Balance and postural instability
- Gait
- Falls
- Transfer
- Physical capacity
- Pulmonary function
- Outcome measures
- Interventions
- Aerobic exercises
- Resistance training
- Balance training
- Flexibility exercise
- Respiratory muscle strength training
- Functional training
- Gait training
- LSVT big™
- Education and home exercise program
- Other movement disorders
- Chorea
- Hemiballismus
- Dystonia
- Athetosis
- Myoclonus
- Tics
- Ataxia
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 23. Neurodynamics
- Introduction
- Mechanics of the peripheral nervous system
- Pathophysiology of the nervous system
- Extraneural dysfunction
- Intraneural dysfunction
- Assessment principles
- Indications
- Structural differentiation
- Sensitizing maneuvers
- Interpretation of findings
- Normal neurogenic response
- Abnormal neurogenic response
- General tests
- Passive neck flexion
- Slump test
- Lower limb neurodynamic tests (LLNTs)
- Straight leg raise test
- Modifications of SLR test: Peroneal, sural, and tibial nerve tests
- Prone knee bend
- Upper limb neurodynamic tests (ULNTs)
- Median neurodynamic test 1 (MNT1 or ULNT1)
- Median neurodynamic test 2 (MNT2 or ULNT2A)
- Ulnar neurodynamic test (UNT or ULNT3)
- Radial neurodynamic test (RNT or ULNT2)
- Treatment principles
- General rules when carrying out neurodynamic treatment
- Neural tissue mobility
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- SECTION VI. Physiotherapy in Women and Elderly
- 24. Geriatric physiotherapy
- Introduction
- Anatomical and physiological changes in elderly
- Cardiovascular system–related changes in elderly
- Neurological system–changes in elderly
- Respiratory system–related changes in elderly
- Integumentary system–related changes in elderly
- GI system–related changes in elderly
- Urogenital system–related changes in elderly
- Reproductive system–related changes in elderly
- Musculoskeletal system–related changes in elderly
- Vision-related changes in elderly
- Auditory system–related changes in elderly
- Olfactory system–related changes in elderly
- Endocrine system–related changes in elderly
- Aims of geriatric physiotherapy
- Effects of exercising in elderly
- Benefits related to exercises among elders
- Degenerative joint diseases (DJDs) in elderly
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Osteoarthritis of hip and knee
- Cervical spondylosis
- Lumbar spondylosis
- Management plan for osteoarthritic conditions ()
- Frozen shoulder
- Geriatric syndromes
- Indications of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA)
- Objective assessment of elderly
- Cognitive impairment
- Incontinence
- Falls
- Frailty
- Sarcopenia
- Osteoporosis
- Risk factors (Table 24.12)
- Diagnosis of osteoporosis
- Management (Tables 24.13 and 24.14)
- Physiotherapy case study for knee osteoarthritis
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 25. Physiotherapy in women’s health
- Introduction
- Anatomy and physiology
- Bones and joints of the pelvis
- Muscles
- Organs of reproduction
- The physiology of pregnancy
- Musculoskeletal changes during pregnancy
- Postural changes
- Articular and connective tissue changes
- Neuromuscular changes
- Rectus abdominis
- Lateral abdominal muscles
- Pelvic floor muscles
- Labor, birth and the puerperium
- Labor
- Puerperium
- Physiotherapy in the childbearing year
- Pelvic floor dysfunction
- Pregnancy-related lumbar spine and pelvic girdle pain
- Symphysis pubis dysfunction
- Diagnosis of pelvic girdle pain
- Nonmusculoskeletal causes of pelvic girdle pain
- Management of lumbopelvic pain and dysfunction
- Management of diastasis rectus abdominis
- Pain management
- Nerve compression syndromes
- Exercise and pregnancy
- General issues
- Benefits and contraindications
- Advice
- Types of exercise
- Antenatal classes
- Postnatal physiotherapy
- Postnatal groups
- Urogenital dysfunction
- Bladder dysfunction
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Factors contributing to urogenital dysfunction
- Physiotherapy
- Anorectal dysfunction
- Fecal incontinence
- Constipation
- Gynecological surgery
- Physiotherapy
- Pelvic pain
- Acute and chronic pain
- Menopause
- Breast cancer
- Adjuvant therapies
- Physiotherapy
- Lymphedema
- Classification of lymphedema
- Prevalence and incidence of cancer-related lymphedema
- Onset and progression
- Physiotherapy
- Psychosexual issues
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Menopause
- Gynecological surgery
- Breast cancer
- Urinary incontinence
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- Physiotherapy in women’s health
- Pregnancy and childbirth
- Antenatal classes, advice and exercises
- Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and rehabilitation
- Breast cancer and lymphedema
- Psychosexual issues
- References
- SECTION VII. New Avenues in Physiotherapy
- 26. Yoga in physiotherapy
- Introduction
- Understanding Yoga
- Four paths of Yoga (Swami Vivekanand)
- Yoga: A physiotherapist’s perspective
- Physiotherapist’s role as a spiritual healer
- Ashtangyoga: the eight-step ladder for rehabilitation
- Ashtangyoga (in ascending order)
- Ashtangyoga to the author as physiotherapist
- Ashtangyoga therapy: an alternative or an adjunctive therapy
- What is physioyoga?
- Physioyoga and rehabilitation
- Physioyoga and biomechanics (Fig. 26.23)
- Physioyoga and exercise therapy (Figure 26.24)
- Physioyoga and postural health
- Physioyoga in pain management
- Physioyoga in musculoskeletal conditions
- Physioyoga in respiratory conditions
- Physioyoga in cardiovascular conditions
- Physioyoga in neuromuscular conditions
- Physioyoga in post-CV stroke rehabilitation
- Physioyoga in women’s health
- Physioyoga in geriatric rehabilitation
- Physioyoga in sports fitness
- Summary
- Acknowledgments
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- 27. Domiciliary physiotherapy
- Introduction
- Home care models
- Home environment
- Role of a domiciliary physiotherapist
- Specific role of a domiciliary physiotherapist
- Competence of a domiciliary physiotherapist
- Advantages of domiciliary physiotherapy
- Benefits of domiciliary physiotherapy
- Challenges and disadvantages of domiciliary physiotherapy
- Patient context
- Therapist context
- Factors influencing domiciliary physiotherapy
- Equipment requirement for domiciliary physiotherapy
- Assistive devices
- Effectiveness of domiciliary physiotherapy
- Cardiac rehabilitation
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Neurological conditions
- Musculoskeletal conditions
- Palliative care
- Risks and safety in domiciliary care
- Moving and handling
- Fall prevention
- Infection prevention and control
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Pressure ulcers
- Emergency management and basic life support
- Lone working
- Adverse events in home care
- Summary
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 28. Tele-physiotherapy
- Introduction
- Utility of tele-physiotherapy
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Components of tele-physiotherapy
- Teleconsultation
- Tele-therapy
- Telemonitoring
- Tele-education
- Teleconferencing
- Technical support and equipment requirements
- Setup, apps, and supports available
- Tele-physiotherapy management
- Summary
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 29. Basic ergonomics
- Introduction
- Background and history
- Definition
- Benefits of ergonomics
- Work-related musculoskeletal disorder and cumulative trauma disorders
- Risk factors at the workplace
- Contributing factors
- Principles of ergonomics
- Signs and symptoms of WMSDs
- Working safely with video display terminals
- Health effects in video display terminal
- Interventions
- Video display terminal design display screen
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Ergonomics in home: Pre- and post-COVID scenario
- Safety and health program management guidelines
- Future directions for ergonomics
- Summary
- Review questions
- Answers
- Futher readings
- References
- SECTION VIII. Online Chapters
- 30. Collaborative health and social care, and the role of interprofessional education
- Introduction
- History of interprofessional education
- Is interprofessional education an international phenomenon?
- The interprofessional education context within the United Kingdom
- Interprofessional education and collaborative working
- Interprofessional education in practice
- Interprofessional education and technology
- Practice-based learning
- Simulated learning
- Problem-based learning
- Student-led interprofessional learning
- Professional identity and interprofessionalism
- Conclusion
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 31. Clinical leadership
- Introduction
- Context
- The allied health professions and physiotherapy
- NHS leadership qualities framework
- Personal qualities
- Setting direction
- Delivering service
- Commissioning world class health care services: The role of clinical leadership and service improvement
- Service improvement
- The case for clinical leadership
- Social interaction, spheres of influence, and professional practice examples
- Developing your leadership competencies
- Organizational requirements
- Individual requirements
- Conclusion
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 32. Reflection
- Introduction
- Defining reflection
- Rationale for reflection in practice
- Clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice
- Applying the above concepts to a real-world physiotherapy context (e.g., the painful shoulder)
- Requirements for reflective practice
- Use of reflection as a form of assessment
- Processes of reflection: Using reflection in practice
- Reflection following action/reflection on action (Schon 1983)
- Reflection during action/reflection in action
- Reflection before action/reflection on the future
- Reflecting with a supervisor
- Important principles of reflective practice
- Closing the loop
- Planning
- Appropriate timing
- Others’ perspectives
- Knowing yourself
- What to reflect on
- Ways to reflect
- Verbal reflection
- Graphical (mind maps, spider diagrams, concept maps)
- Reflective diary
- Prose/free writing
- Using models of reflection
- Conclusion
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 33. Changing relationships for promoting health
- Introduction
- Between people
- Communication
- Cultural differences
- Context of relationships
- Inequalities in health
- Different models
- Changing relationships
- Partnership and user involvement
- Health promotion
- Conclusion
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- 34. Pharmacology
- Introduction
- Pharmacology?
- What is pharmacology?
- Why would I, a physiotherapist or a student, want to know about this?
- Basic science
- Where do drugs act (eTable 34.2)?
- How may drugs get to their destination?
- Metabolism and excretion: The body gets hostile
- A note on dosing
- Medicines you will (probably) encounter
- The heart and vascular systems
- The lungs
- Neurological medicine
- Antibiotics
- Analgesia/anesthesia
- Final thoughts
- Appendix pharmacology glossary
- Drugs
- Review questions
- Answers
- Further reading
- 35. Acupuncture in physiotherapy
- A brief history of acupuncture
- Acupuncture in the twentieth century
- Acupuncture from a traditional Chinese medicine perspective
- Western medical acupuncture
- Prevalence of acupuncture use
- Safety of acupuncture
- Acupuncture research in the twentieth century
- Brain imaging acupuncture research
- Acupuncture research since the turn of the twenty-first century
- The current Western scientific understanding of acupuncture
- Western correlates of traditional Chinese medicine paradigms
- Conditions that may be treated: From the AACP site
- Clinical implications
- Review questions
- Answers
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: December 18, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier India
- No. of pages: 682
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9788131268162
- eBook ISBN: 9788131268179