Thermal Methods

1st Edition - April 18, 2023
Editors: Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Alireza Alamatsaz, Mingzhe Dong, Zhaomin Li
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 9 3 3 - 1
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 2 1 9 3 4 - 8

Thermal Methods, Volume Two, the latest release in the Enhanced Oil Recovery series, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in this fast-growing area. In the book, differ… Read more

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Thermal Methods, Volume Two, the latest release in the Enhanced Oil Recovery series, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in this fast-growing area. In the book, different techniques are described in addition to the latest technologies in data mining and hybrid processes. Supported field case studies are included to illustrate a bridge between research and practical applications, making it useful for both academics and practicing engineers. Structured to start with thermal concepts and steam flooding, the book's editors then advance to more complex content, guiding engineers into areas such as hybrid thermal methods and edgier technologies that bridge solar and nuclear energy.

Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest research developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future of energy.

Cover
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1: Overview of thermal concepts in enhanced oil recovery
Abstract
1.1: Introduction
1.2: Types of heat transfer
1.3: Heat-carrying capacity of steam
1.4: Heat of combustion
1.5: Heat losses
1.6: Fluid flow in porous media
1.7: Thermal methods
1.8: Thermodynamic mechanisms
1.9: Effect of heat on fluid-rock properties
1.10: Effect of reservoir mineralogy and heterogeneity
1.11: Steam characteristics
1.12: Steam quality
1.13: Steam distillation
1.14: Beneficial effect of steam distillation
1.15: Saturation pressure and temperature
1.16: Oil viscosity
1.17: Hybrid thermal recovery processes
1.18: Future directions of heavy oil recovery processes
References
Chapter 2: Steam flooding (steam drive)
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Steam flooding concepts
2.3: Screening criteria
2.4: Water quality for steam generation
2.5: Steam generation
2.6: Steaming injection in heavy oil reservoir and tar sands
2.7: Mechanisms
2.8: Reservoir thickness, heterogeneity, and properties
2.9: Well spacing and proper well pattern
2.10: Improvement of an oil/water mobility ratio and relative permeability
2.11: Existing laboratory-scale recovery factor
2.12: Case studies
2.13: Models and simulation
2.14: Fracturing and reservoir expansion
References
Chapter 3: Cyclic steam stimulation
Abstract
3.1: Introduction
3.2: CSS process
3.3: Recovery mechanisms of the CSS process
3.4: Steam-rock interactions
3.5: Relative permeability
3.6: Modeling and simulation
3.7: Upscaling
3.8: CSS with horizontal wells
3.9: Optimization
3.10: Screening criteria
3.11: Case studies
References
Further reading
Chapter 4: Steam-assisted gravity drainage
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Operational parameters in the SAGD process
4.3: Preheating (startup phase)
4.4: Emulsification phenomenon
4.5: Multiphase fluid flow
4.6: Heat transmission mechanisms in the steam chamber boundary
4.7: Finger rise theory
4.8: Variations of the SAGD process
4.9: Co-SAGD processes
4.10: Experimental studies
4.11: SAGD in reservoirs with a bottom aquifer
4.12: SAGD in fractured reservoirs
4.13: Effect of heterogeneity on SAGD
4.14: Hydraulic fracturing in SAGD
4.15: Impact of geomechanical effects during SAGD
4.16: Mathematical modeling and simulation
4.17: Artificial intelligence (AI)-based simulation
4.18: Optimization of SAGD
4.19: Screening criteria
4.20: Field-scale studies and challenges
4.21: Environmental issues
4.22: Economical evaluation and feasibility of the SAGD
References
Chapter 5: In situ combustion
Abstract
5.1: Overview
5.2: In situ combustion conceptual reactions
5.3: In situ combustion mechanisms
5.4: Screening criteria
5.5: Reservoir fluid characterization for combustion studies
5.6: Laboratory experiments: From reaction kinetics development to combustion process evaluation
5.7: Combustion modeling and challenges—Process view
5.8: Forward and reverse combustion
5.9: Process variations
5.10: Reservoir modeling and simulation
5.11: Upscaling
5.12: Field challenges
5.13: Economic and environmental feasibility
References
Chapter 6: Hybrid thermal-solvent process
Abstract
6.1: Introduction
6.2: Optimal conditions in the solvent steam process
6.3: Advantages of a combination of solvent addition to steam
6.4: Classification of solvent recovery processes
6.5: Modeling and simulation
6.6: Field implementation
References
Chapter 7: Hybrid thermal-NCG process
Abstract
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Mechanisms
7.3: Oil viscosity reduction
7.4: Screening criteria
7.5: NCG-CSS process
7.6: The NCG-SAGD process
7.7: NCG-SAGD analytical model
7.8: Low-temperature oxidation reaction
7.9: Extra-heavy crude oil reserves techniques
7.10: Modeling and simulation
7.11: Upscaling
7.12: Field applications
7.13: Field challenges
7.14: Economic and environmental feasibility
References
Chapter 8: Hybrid thermal chemical EOR methods
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Chemical-assisted thermal methods
8.3: Thermal stability of chemicals
8.4: Field applications
8.5: Economical and environmental concerns
References
Chapter 9: Other thermal methods
Abstract
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
9.3: In situ upgrading
9.4: Electrical heating methods
9.5: Novel wellbore configuration
9.6: Solar energy
References
Chapter 10: EOR potentials in the poststeam-injected heavy oil reservoirs
Abstract
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Offshore versus onshore oilfields
10.3: Reservoir lithology
10.4: Hybrid thermal-solvent process
10.5: ES-SAGD field application and optimization
10.6: Screening criteria
10.7: A thermal-NCG hybrid method
10.8: Hybrid thermal-chemical mechanisms
10.9: Hybrid CSS/SAGD process
10.10: Novel wellbore configurations
10.11: In situ upgrading
10.12: EOR mechanisms
10.13: Addition of catalyst and steam nanoparticles
10.14: Economical and environmental feasibility
References
Chapter 11: Formation damage in thermal-enhanced oil recovery processes
Abstract
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Mechanically induced formation damages
11.3: Chemically induced formation damages
11.4: Biologically induced formation damages
11.5: Thermally induced formation damages
11.6: Overcoming formation damage
References
Chapter 12: Application of data mining in thermal enhanced oil recovery methods
Abstract
12.1: Introduction
12.2: AI-based approaches
12.3: Modeling viscosity of heavy oils
12.4: Modeling temperature-based oil relative permeability
12.5: Data-driven proxy modeling of thermal EOR methods
12.6: Optimizing thermal-EOR processes using AI-based algorithms
12.7: Optimizing fast-SAGD using evolutionary algorithms
12.8: Optimal scenario design of steam-assisted gravity drainage and production forecast
12.9: Hot water injection optimization
12.10: Optimizing huff and puff using evolutionary algorithms
12.11: Challenges of using AI algorithms
References
Index

Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh

Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh is currently an assistant professor at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman. He is also an adjunct professor at Jilin University and Northeast Petroleum University in China. He was previously a visiting scholar at the University of Calgary. He earned a PhD in petroleum engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology, an MSc in hydrocarbon reservoir engineering from the Sharif University of Technology, and a BSc in petroleum engineering from the Amirkabir University of Technology. His research interests include enhanced oil recovery processes, heavy oil systems, nanotechnology, and applications of intelligent models in the petroleum industry. Abdolhossein has been awarded as a distinguished graduate MSc student, was an honor PhD student, and a recipient of the National Elites Foundation Scholarship. He works as an associate professor in the Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. He has published over 150 journal articles, three books, several conference proceedings, and earned one patent in 2016.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran

Alireza Alamatsaz

Alireza Alamatsaz, PhD is a Reservoir Simulation Scientist at an oil and gas modeling company in Calgary. Prior to that, he was an EOR screening specialist and Senior Reservoir Engineer at a major national oil well company. He as accomplished many objectives including steam optimization techniques using artificial intelligence in heavy oil reservoirs, teaching courses on advanced wellbore modeling, and supervised the integrated reservoir basic and simulation studies of a giant gas field. Alireza earned a PhD in petroleum engineering from the University of Calgary, a MSc in petroleum engineering from Imperial College in London, and a BSc in chemical and polymer engineering from the Petroleum University in Iran. He has earned many awards including a NIOC Scholarship as a First Rank Graduate, the Collin Wall Award at Imperial College and scholarships with the Society of Petroleum Engineers. He is an active member of SPE.

Affiliations and expertise

Reservoir Simulation Scientist, Calgary, Canada

Mingzhe Dong

Mingzhe Dong, PhD. P.Eng is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, and a Distinguished Professor in the School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum. He earned a BASc from Northwest University in China, a MASc from the China University of Petroleum, and a PhD from the University of Waterloo in Canada，all in chemical engineering. His industry and academic research experience include Industry Post-Doctoral Fellow at Imperial Oil in Calgary, Senior Research Engineer at the Saskatchewan Research Council, Professor at University of Regina, and Professor at University of Calgary. His research areas are flow in porous media, interfacial phenomena, enhanced oil recovery, unconventional resources development, and CO2 sequestration. He has co-authored 260 journal papers, 70 conference papers, 35 patents, and over 45 industry and government reports.

Affiliations and expertise

Distinguished Professor, School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao, China

Zhaomin Li

Zhaomin Li is currently a professor and vice president of China University of Petroleum (East China). His research interests are in oil production engineering theory and technology, application of foam fluids in oil and gas development, and heavy oil. He is also an executive director of the Shandong Petroleum Institute in foam fluids and vice chairman of the Shandong Ocean Development Research Association. He has won many awards and received funding for more than 50 national scientific research projects. He has obtained 68 invention patents, including 7 US patents. He earned a PhD from the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), an MS from Shandong University, and a BS from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology.

Affiliations and expertise

Vice President, College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), China

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Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh

Alireza Alamatsaz

Mingzhe Dong

Zhaomin Li