Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Newer Drugs and Biomarkers

2nd Edition - April 26, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editor: Amitava Dasgupta
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 6 4 9 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 8 6 5 0 - 9

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Newer Drugs and Biomarkers, Second Edition is an updated reference on TDM analytical techniques in diverse clinical settings. This new edition r… Read more

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Newer Drugs and Biomarkers, Second Edition is an updated reference on TDM analytical techniques in diverse clinical settings. This new edition reviews exciting new developments in the area, including seven new chapters covering immunoassay design and applications, combined chromatographic techniques in therapeutic monitoring, drug monitoring in alternative specimens, pharmacogenomics of anticancer drugs, pharmacogenomics testing for patient management, selected antifungal agents, pharmacodynamic monitoring, and therapeutic drug monitoring of selected anticoagulants. All remaining chapters in the first edition were thoroughly revised and updated.

This book is the ideal reference for clinical pathologists, pharmacologists, and toxicologists involved with TDM. Scientists working in diagnostic companies, developing reagents for monitoring therapeutic drugs will also find relevant information in this book.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction to therapeutic drug monitoring: Frequently and less frequently monitored drugs
1. Introduction
2. Drugs that require therapeutic drug monitoring
3. Benefits of therapeutic drug monitoring
4. Pathophysiological conditions and other factors that affect drug concentrations
5. Therapeutic drug monitoring of various drug class
6. Conclusions
Chapter 2. Effects of preanalytical variables in therapeutic drug monitoring
1. Introduction
2. Lab-related variables
3. Patient-specific variables
4. Conclusions
Chapter 3. Analytical techniques used in therapeutic drug monitoring
1. Introduction
2. A general classification of analytical methods
3. Understanding and minimizing measurement uncertainty in the clinical laboratory
4. Immunoassays
5. Gas and liquid chromatography
6. Mass spectrometry and LC-MS/MS application to TDM
7. Conclusions
Chapter 4. Therapeutic drug monitoring using alternative specimens: Saliva and dried blood spot
1. Introduction
2. Oral fluid (saliva)
3. Dried blood spot (DBS)
4. Laboratory analysis of saliva and DBS
5. Conclusions
Chapter 5. Clinical utility of free drug monitoring
1. Introduction
2. Free concentrations versus total concentrations
3. Applications and methods for monitoring free drug concentrations
4. Alternative methods
5. Conclusions
Chapter 6. Therapeutic drug monitoring of classical and newer anticonvulsants
1. Introduction
2. Pathophysiology of epilepsy
3. Antiepileptic drug monitoring
4. Indications for measuring a drug level
5. Therapeutic drug monitoring of classical AEDs
6. Newer anticonvulsants
7. Therapeutic monitoring of brivaracetam
8. Therapeutic monitoring of cannabidiol
9. Therapeutic monitoring of cenobamate
10. Therapeutic monitoring of clobazam
11. Therapeutic drug monitoring of eslicarbazepine acetate
12. Therapeutic drug monitoring of felbamate
13. Monitoring of fenfluramine
14. Monitoring of gabapentin
15. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lacosamide
16. Therapeutic drug monitoring of lamotrigine
17. Therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam
18. Therapeutic drug monitoring of oxcarbazepine
19. Therapeutic drug monitoring of perampanel
20. Therapeutic drug monitoring of pregabalin
21. Therapeutic drug monitoring of rufinamide
22. Therapeutic drug monitoring of stiripentol
23. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tiagabine
24. Therapeutic drug monitoring of topiramate
25. Therapeutic drug monitoring of vigabatrin
26. Therapeutic drug monitoring of zonisamide
27. Analytical methods for monitoring of AEDs
28. Conclusion
Chapter 7. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin and other antiarrhythmic drugs
1. Introduction
2. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin
3. Therapeutic drug monitoring of other antiarrhythmic drugs
4. Chromatographic methods for determining multiple antiarrhythmic drugs simultaneously
5. Conclusions
Chapter 8. Guidelines for monitoring vancomycin, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics
1. Introduction
2. Vancomycin
3. Aminoglycosides
4. Therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactam antibiotics
5. Therapeutic drug monitoring sulfonamides and trimethoprim
6. Therapeutic drug monitoring of chloramphenicol and tetracycline
7. Therapeutic drug monitoring of quinolones
8. Therapeutic drug monitoring of macrolides
9. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antimycobacterial agents
10. Conclusions
Chapter 9. Challenges in therapeutic drug monitoring of classical tricyclic and newer antidepressants: analytical and pharmacogenetics considerations
1. Introduction
2. Tricyclic antidepressants
3. Newer antidepressants
4. Pharmacogenetic considerations in TDM of antidepressants
5. Conclusions
Chapter 10. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs for the management of human immunodeficiency infection
1. Introduction
2. Role of therapeutic drug monitoring
3. TDM instrumentation and matrices of antiretroviral drugs
4. TDM of antiretroviral drugs by classes
5. Challenges in practical application of TDM in managing patients with HIV
6. Conclusion
Chapter 11. Therapeutic drug monitoring of selected antifungal agents
1. Introduction
2. Overview of therapeutic drug monitoring of antifungal drugs
3. Analytical methods to support TDM of antifungal drugs
4. Specific antifungal drugs
5. Conclusions
Chapter 12. Therapeutic drug monitoring of selected direct oral anticoagulants
1. Introduction
2. DOAC: Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, clinical indications, and dosing
3. DOAC measurements—overview
4. Conclusion
Chapter 13. Drug testing in pain management
1. Introduction
2. Utility and cost of drug testing in pain management
3. Substance abuse and addiction medicine
4. Drug testing approaches
5. Drug testing menu
6. Results reporting
7. Testing frequency
8. Specimen types and alternative specimens
9. Specimen collection and testing workflow
10. Analytical approaches
11. Specific analytes and interpretation
12. Stimulants
13. Novel psychoactive substances
14. Pharmacogenomics
15. Conclusions
Chapter 14. An introduction to personalized medicine
1. Introduction
2. Overview of classical sequence variation profiling techniques
3. Recent molecular profiling technologies
4. Select example biomarkers in pharmacogenomics
5. Translational approaches associated with pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine
6. Conclusions
Chapter 15. Genomic technology advances and the promise for precision medicine
1. Introduction
2. DNA microarrays
3. Sequencing technologies
4. Pharmacogenetic testing and healthcare
5. Systems medicine
6. Disease diagnosis
7. Drug discovery
8. Precision medicine
9. Challenges in machine learning for systems medicine
10. Conclusion
11. Future prospects
Chapter 16. Pharmacogenomics and warfarin therapy
1. Introduction
2. The potential of pharmacogenetics for warfarin
3. Pharmacology
4. Nongenetic factors affecting warfarin dosing
5. Clinical relevance
6. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing in warfarin therapy
7. Conclusion
Chapter 17. Drug hypersensitivity linked to genetic variations of human leukocyte antigen
1. Introduction
2. HLA: Molecular structure, genomic organization, polymorphism, and nomenclature
3. Repositories related to HLA alleles and associated ADRs
4. Immuno-genetic basis of systemic drug hypersensitivity
5. HLA alleles and their association with drug-induced ADRs
6. Steven Johns syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN)
7. Morbilliform drug eruption
8. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms DRESS
9. Drug-induced liver injury
10. Clinical recommendations for HLA genotyping
11. Conclusions
Chapter 18. Therapeutic drug monitoring of selected anticancer drugs: Pharmacogenomics issues
1. Introduction
2. Traditional therapeutic drug monitoring for anticancer drugs
3. Newer approaches to personalized dosing and treatment with anticancer agents: Pharmacogenetics
4. Pharmacogenetic considerations for specific anti-cancer agents
5. Conclusions
Chapter 19. Consequences of differences in bio-analytical assays for the precision monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs
1. Introduction
2. Immunosuppressive drugs and their metabolites
3. Sample matrix
4. Various analytical techniques for measuring immunosuppressants
5. Stability
6. Proficiency testing and comparison studies
7. Interassay differences—are they relevant?
8. Conclusions
Chapter 20. Donor-derived cell-free DNA as a marker of graft injury after solid organ transplantation
1. Introduction
2. Causes of chronic allograft dysfunction
3. Need for biomarkers
4. Value of conventional TDM
5. Biomarkers for immune monitoring as supplement to TDM
6. Molecular methods: Biopsy and cellular approaches
7. Conclusions
Chapter 21. Pharmacodynamic monitoring as an integral part of therapeutic drug monitoring
1. Introduction
2. Drug concentrations
3. Pharmacodynamic monitoring
4. Physiological biomarkers
5. Laboratory biomarkers
6. Drug-specific and nonspecific PD biomarkers
7. Summary
Chapter 22. Role of therapeutic drug monitoring to identify clinically significant drug–herbal supplement interaction
1. Introduction
2. Herb–drug interaction mechanisms
3. Impact of herb supplements and herb–drug interactions in clinical practice
4. Contamination of herbal supplements
5. Analytical interferences caused by some herbal supplements
6. Conclusions
Conflict of interest
Index

Life Sciences

Physical Sciences & Engineering

Social Sciences & Humanities

Health

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Newer Drugs and Biomarkers

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Amitava Dasgupta

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