Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume 1

Biology and Pathophysiology

1st Edition - February 16, 2022
Editors: Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Sujatha Peela
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 8 0 6 - 3
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 3 6 4 - 7

Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume One: Biology and Pathophysiology provides comprehensive information about ongoing r… Read more

Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume 1

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Theranostics and Precision Medicine for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Volume One: Biology and Pathophysiology provides comprehensive information about ongoing research and clinical data surrounding liver cancer. The book presents detailed descriptions about diagnostics and therapeutic options for easy understanding, with a focus on precision medicine approaches to improve treatment outcomes. This volume discusses topics such as tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, effects of cirrhosis and hepatitis on the prognosis of HCC, mitochondrial metabolism, next generation sequencing, and telomerase. In addition, it discusses exosomes role in HCC progression, metastasis and chemokines.

This is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students, hepathologists and members of biomedical research who need to understand more about liver cancer for their research work or clinical setting.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
List of contributors
About the editors
Preface
Chapter 1. Cell origin, biology, and pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Cell of origin of HCC
Biology and pathophysiology
Molecular consensus of HCC
Signaling pathways
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 2. Hepatocellular carcinoma—An updated review
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Types of cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Causes/risk factors
Symptoms
Genes involved
Progression
HCC caused by aflatoxins
HCC caused by the hepatitis virus
HCC caused by hepatitis B virus
HCC caused by hepatitis C virus
HCC caused by alcohol
HCC transcriptomic analysis
Screening and diagnosis
Tumor staging
Treatment
Liver transplantation
Conclusion and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 3. Risk factors and pathogenic mechanism–associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviation
Introduction
Risk factors
Mechanisms of action
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4. Effect of cirrhosis and hepatitis on the prognosis of liver cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HBV and HCV assessment and the management of hepatitis
Hepatitis-associated symptoms and disorders at various stages
Liver cirrhosis—assessment and management of cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis–associated symptoms and disorders at various stages
HCC-associated risk factors
Relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis
Mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of cirrhosis and hepatitis on the prognosis of HCC
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 5. An overview on aflatoxin B1 induced initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Aflatoxins
DNA methylation
Histone modifications
Noncoding RNAs
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6. Modulatory effects of G protein–coupled receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
GPCR receptors and signaling pathways implicated in cancer
Role of GPCRs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma: treatments based on GPCR signaling
Summary and future perspectives
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 7. Hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells, progression and therapy
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Tumor progression and proliferation
Role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the development of cancer
MiRNAs associated with LCSCs
LncRNAs associated with LCSCs
Therapy of liver cancer
Treatment for early liver cancer
Immunotherapy
MiRNAs as anticancer therapeutics
Therapeutic approaches to targeting lncRNA in cancer
Herbal medicine and HCC
Radiotherapy
References
Chapter 8. Tumor microenvironment in heptocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Components of tumor microenvironment
Tumor-associated macrophages
Pathways involved in HCC development
Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 9. Polymorphisms in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Diagnosis, staging, and grading
Risk factors
Treatment
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Signaling pathways involved in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
References
Chapter 10. Environmental pollution and hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Pollutants and hepatocellular carcinoma mechanism
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
Funding sources
References
Chapter 11. Mitochondrial metabolism in progression of liver cancer
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Deregulated mitochondrial metabolism in HCC
ROS homeostasis in the progression of HCC
Mitochondrial dynamics in HCC
Mitochondrial signaling in HCC
Targeting mitochondrial metabolism: therapeutic opportunities for HCC
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12. Role of succinate dehydrogenase in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Structure of succinate dehydrogenase
Dysfunction of succinate dehydrogenase
Mutations in succinate dehydrogenase
Succinate dehydrogenase activity-regulation and expression of its gene
Transcription regulators
Posttranscriptional regulators
Posttranslational modifiers
Direct effectors
Role of SDHB in hepatocellular carcinoma
Clinical trials of succinic dehydrogenase and preclinical models
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13. Telomerase in hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 14. Glutamine metabolism in liver cancer: role in progression and potential therapeutic targeting
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Liver cancer metabolism
Amino acid metabolism in liver cancer
Glutamine metabolism and liver cancer
Conclusion and future prospective
References
Chapter 15. Influence of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
ER stress and diseases of the liver
Unfolded protein response and its physiological significance
Unfolded protein response and malignant transformation—the dangerous duo
Autophagy and its relevance to ER stress and tumor progression in HCC
ER resident chaperones in quality control and altered expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Signaling pathways controlling ER stress leading to UPR activation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Major molecular targets in UPR
Indicators of ER stress and UPR response
UPR activation in cancer
Role of ER stress on immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma
Conclusion
Future perspectives
References
Chapter 16. Role of exosomes in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Biogenesis of exosomes
Exosomes and their components
Exosome-associated proteins
Exosomes and cancer
AFLD, NAFLD, and exosomes
Exosomes and HCC
Exosomes as biomarkers
Exosomes as therapeutic molecule and personalized medicine for HCC patients
Conclusion and future perspectives
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 17. Comparative genomics and molecular epidemiology on hepatitis virus–induced hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Hepatitis virus
Structure and genome of HBV and HCV
Genotypes
Comparative genomics of HV
Hepatitis E virus and hepatocellular cancer
HCV and cancer
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 18. Noncoding RNAs in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
MicroRNA in hepatitis B–related hepatocellular carcinoma
LncRNA in HBV-related HCC
Circular RNA in HBV-related HCC
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 19. Role of genetic insights and tumor microenvironment in liver cancer: new opportunities for gene therapy
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Gene therapy
Gene regulation
Genetic insights in HCC gene therapy
Recent progress in therapeutics
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20. Role of microRNAs in hepatocellular cancer pathogenesis and prognosis
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Biogenesis of miRNA
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21. Long non-coding RNA: Emerging role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Biology of lncRNA
Biogenesis of lncRNA
Conservation of lncRNA
Classification of lncRNA
Localization of lncRNA
Molecular mechanism of lncRNA
lncRNA and intercellular communication
Role of lncRNAs in cancer
LncRNA in HCC
lncRNA as diagnostic marker for HCC
Therapeutic approaches for HCC
HCC—treatment and drug resistance
lncRNA-clinical manifestation of HCC
Oncogenic lncRNA
Tumor suppressor lncRNA
lncRNA—potential therapeutics
lncRNAs—potential biomarkers of HCC
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter 22. Risk factors and clinical aspects associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: role of long noncoding RNAs
Abstract
Abbreviations
Introduction
Noncoding RNAs
Long noncoding RNAs
Molecular mechanisms and characterization of lncRNAs
Sponging microRNAs
Regulating functions of organelles
Biological functions and mode of action of lncRNAs in HCC development
LncRNAs in HCC
Risk factors for HCC
Diagnosis and treatment
LncRNAs are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

Dr. Nagaraju obtained his MSc and his PhD, both in Biotechnology, from Sri Venkateswara University in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. He received his DSc from Berhampur University in Berhampur, Odisha, India. Dr. Nagaraju’s research focuses on translational projects related to gastrointestinal malignancies. He has published over 100 research papers in highly reputed international journals and has presented more than 50 abstracts at various national and international conferences. Dr. Nagaraju is author and editor of several published books in Elsevier and Springer Nature. He serves as editorial board member of several internationally recognized academic journals. Dr. Nagaraju has received several international awards including FAACC. He also holds memberships with the Association of Scientists of Indian Origin in America (ASIOA), the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB), The Science Advisory Board, The RNA Society, The American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) and the American Association of Cancer Research (AACR).

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA

Sujatha Peela

Dr. Sujatha Peela is full-time Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Dr. BR Ambedkar University, India. Dr. Peela received her PhD in Biotechnology from Andhra University, and furthermore, she pursued her postdoctoral fellowship from the University of Chicago, USA, in the Department of Medicine. She has published 33 research papers in various highly reputed international journals, attended 84 national and international conferences, and has published 5 books at international level. She received many prestigious awards from government agencies & NGOs. She organized 16 national and international conferences at various platforms in the Biotechnology field. Currently Dr. Peela holds one patent in India.

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Dr. BR Ambedkar University, India