The Youth Athlete

A Practitioner’s Guide to Providing Comprehensive Sports Medicine Care

1st Edition - June 22, 2023
Editors: Brian J. Krabak, M. Alison Brooks
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 9 9 2 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 8 3 1 9 - 8

The Youth Athlete: A Practitioner’s Guide to Providing Comprehensive Sports Medicine Care includes topics that provide the most comprehensive and holistic understanding of the yo… Read more

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The Youth Athlete: A Practitioner’s Guide to Providing Comprehensive Sports Medicine Care includes topics that provide the most comprehensive and holistic understanding of the youth athlete. The foundation of the book focuses on the growth and development of the athlete from child to adolescence, balancing their physical, mental and emotional needs. The middle sections expand on this foundation, concentrating on common injuries and illnesses as well as unique topics (e.g., Female, Athlete Triad, Sports Specialization). Final sections emphasize specific sports (e.g., Soccer, Basketball, eSports), allowing the reader to synthesize the previous information to assist with return to play decision-making.

Written from a scientific perspective and incorporating evidence-based medicine into its content, this book is perfect for health care practitioners of varied specialties. The complete and comprehensive structure of the book will clearly distinguish it from all other textbooks on the market.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Foundations
Part I. Growth and development
Chapter 1. Physical maturation
Bone maturation
Neural changes in maturation
Muscle maturation
Body composition
Physical maturation and sport readiness
Resistance training
Tackling in football
Heading in soccer
Body checking in hockey
Pointe in ballet
Distance running
Summary
Key points
Chapter 2. Mental development
Mental development: the emotional and cognitive changes from childhood through adolescence
Defining the mind
Integrating body functioning, behavior, emotion, cognition, and relationships
Brain development and its effect on the mind
The triune brain
The system model
The mental stages of the youth athlete
Skills (7–11 years)
Competition (12–14 years)
Commitment (15+ years)
Summary
Key points
Chapter 3. Hormonal changes
Normal pubertal development
Physical changes during puberty
Pubertal variations
Summary
Key points
Chapter 4. Physical activity and exercise science
Introduction
Physical activity
Exercise physiology
Cardiorespiratory fitness
Guidelines/promotion of physical activity
Summary
Key points
Chapter 5. Gender in sport
Introduction
Terminology: “Gender 101”4,5
Demographics of transgender and nongender conforming youth and sports participation
Gender, sex, and sports performance
Gender affirming care of transgender and gender nonconforming youth
Effects of gender-affirming medical treatments on sports performance
Barriers to participation
Inclusion in competitive athletics
Steps physicians can take to promote activity for transgender and gender nonconforming athletes
Key points
Part II. Sports participation
Chapter 6. Benefits of youth sports
Impact on motor skills
Impact on life skill development
Impact on academics
Impact on social skills
Impact on mental health
Impact on suicide risk
Impact on physical health
Key points
Chapter 7. Strength and power training
Essentials of youth resistance training
Potential benefits of youth resistance training
Program design considerations
Summary of key points
Chapter 8. Preparticipation physical examination
What is the preparticipation physical examination (PPE)?
What are the goals of the PPE?
Who should perform the PPE?
Where should the PPE be performed?
When should the PPE be performed?
Medical history
General medical history
Cardiac system
Mental health history
Neurological history
Musculoskeletal history
Musculoskeletal exam
Respiratory history
Respiratory exam
Abdominal exam
Skin exam
Special circumstances—history
Special considerations for female athletes
COVID-19 and athletes
Disabled athletes
Medical eligibility determination
Summary
Key points
Chapter 9. Social determinants of health and youth sports
Achievement of physical activity guidelines
Athletes need medical care
Physical activity sources of influence
What are social determinants of health?
The social determinants of health and physical activity
The social determinants of health, sports, and the athlete
Youth and goals for sports participation
The social determinants of health and the athlete's medical care
The social determinants of health, gender, and sports
Current progress in youth sports participation and the social determinants of health
The future of youth sports participation and the social determinants of health
Key points
Chapter 10. Sports advocacy and equity in sports
Introduction
Disparities in physical literacy
Barriers to physical activity
Physical activity promotion
Promotion of healthy youth athlete development
Legislative and community advocacy 101
Summary and key findings
Common sports problems
Part I. Illness/injuries
Chapter 11. Eyes
Anatomy of the eyes
Vision development
Epidemiology and risk factors
Injuries and illnesses of the eyes
Prevention of ocular injury in sport
Considerations for sideline medical bag contents
Summary
Key points
Chapter 12. Ears and nose
Anatomy of the pediatric ear
Ear laceration
Auricular hematoma (“cauliflower ear”)
Otitis externa (“swimmer's ear”)
Tympanic membrane perforation
Middle ear trauma
Anatomy of the pediatric nose (Fig. 12.9)
Epistaxis
Nasal fracture
Septal hematoma and abscess
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 13. Dental and maxillofacial
Child dental & maxillofacial anatomy and development
Comprehensive assessment
Facial lacerations
Dental injuries & conditions
Facial fractures & injuries
Prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 14. Cardiac
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease
Evaluation and management
Prevention
Chapter summary
Chapter 15. Respiratory medicine as part of athlete and team care
Respiratory medicine as part of athlete and team care
Asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Prevalence
Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Testing
Therapeutics
Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction
Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia
Clinical features
SARS-CoV-2 considerations
Incorporating respiratory care into the sports medicine team
What is the optimal test strategy for a group of athletes?
Conclusions
Key points
Chapter 16. Gatrointestinal and abdominal issues
Gastrointestinal issues
Abdominal injuries
Summary
Key points
Chapter 17. Renal and genitourinary
Renal trauma
Acute kidney injury
Exercise associated hematuria
Exercise-associated proteinuria
Genitourinary (GU) trauma: scrotal/testicular, penile, and labial injuries
Testicular and ovarian torsion
Solitary kidney/undescended testicles/solitary testicle or ovary
Urinary incontinence
Pudendal neuropathy
Key points
Chapter 18. Allergy and immunology
Anaphylaxis
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis
Urticaria
Key points
Chapter 19. Skin
Introduction
Tinea
Onychomycosis
Scabies
Pitted keratolysis
Molluscum contagiosum
Herpes simplex virus
Impetigo
Folliculitis/furunculosis
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections
Talon noir
Acne mechanica
Plantar warts
Chapter 20. Infectious disease in sport
Introduction
Blood–borne infections: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
Blood–borne infections: hepatitis B and hepatitis C
Febrile illness: upper respiratory infection
Febrile illness: lyme disease
Febrile illness: infectious mononucleosis
Septic joints
Sexually transmitted infections
MRSA
Infectious disease prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 21. Environmental injury—cold
General principles
Physiological response to cold
Prevention of cold-induced injury
Chilblains (pernio)
Trenchfoot/immersion foot
Hypothermia
Frostbite
Summary
Key points
Chapter 22. Environmental injury—heat
Physiological response to heat
Risk factors for heat illness
Epidemiology of heat-related injuries
Prevention of heat-induced injury
Heat cramps
Heat rash
Heat exhaustion
Exertional heat stroke
Exercise-associated hyponatremia
Summary
Key points
Chapter 23. Hematology
Introduction
Anemia
Bleeding disorders
Coagulopathies
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 24. The endocrine system
Thyroid function disorders
Diabetes mellitus
Exercise-induced hyponatremia
Menstrual cycle and disorders
Growth disorders
Chapter 25. Neurologic disorders
Epilepsy
Headache
Autonomic nervous system
Chapter 26. Rheumatology
Introduction
Generalized joint hypermobility
Juvenile arthritis
Key points
Part II. Musculoskeletal injuries
Chapter 27. Concussion
Introduction
Epidemiology
Signs and symptoms
On-field assessment
Office assessment
Neuroimaging
Neurocognitive testing
Management
Return to play/sport
Long-term considerations
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 28. Cervical spine
Overview
Congenital anomalies of the cervical spine
Cervical strains and sprains
Cervical spine injuries
On-field and prehospital care of cervical spine injury
Cervical fractures
Cervical spinal cord injury
Transient quadriparesis
Stingers
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 29. Thoracic and chest
Introduction
Anatomy review
Epidemiology of injuries
Types of injuries/conditions
Traumatic
Pulmonary contusion
Open pneumothorax
Cardiac contusion
Cardiac tamponade
Commotio cordis
Atraumatic
Stress fractures of the ribs
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism
Summary
Key points
Chapter 30. Shoulder and upper arm
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology of the pediatric athletic shoulder
AC joint
Humeral head fractures
Rotator cuff injuries
Shoulder instability events
Glenoid labral tear
Long head biceps tendon injuries
Little league shoulder (epiphysiolysis)
Risk factors for injury
Summary
Key points
Chapter 31. Elbow and forearm
Overview
Anatomy
Pathologies of the elbow and forearm
Medial elbow injuries
Medial epicondylar apophysitis
Medial epicondyle fractures
Sublime tubercle avulsion
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries
Lateral elbow injuries
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
Panner's disease
Radial head subluxation
Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
Lateral condyle fractures
Posterior elbow pain
Olecranon apophysitis and olecranon stress injuries
Olecranon bursitis
Posterior olecranon impingement (valgus extension overload)
Elbow dislocations
Supracondylar fractures
Radial head and neck fractures
Forearm fractures
Fractures of the radius
Both bone forearm fractures
Monteggia fractures
Galleazzi fractures
Summary
Key points
Chapter 32. Wrist
Epidemiology
Structure: anatomy and biomechanics
Risk factors for injury
Common injuries
Prevention
Key points
Chapter 33. Hand and finger
Introduction
Common injuries
Ligament injuries
Osseous injuries
Summary
Key points
Chapter 34. Lumbar spine
Introduction
Structure: anatomy and biomechanics
Risk factors for injury
Common injuries
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 35. Hip pain evaluation and treatment for athletes
Introduction
Anatomy and function
Intraarticular hip conditions
Extraarticular hip conditions
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 36. Thigh
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Common injuries
Myositis ossificans
Hamstring strain
Adductor strain
Morel-Lavallée lesions (MLL)
Femoral diaphysis stress fractures
Osteochondroma
Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
Summary
Key points
Chapter 37. Knee
Introduction
Common injuries
Avulsion fractures
Cartilage
Ligamentous injuries
ACL
PCL
Collateral ligaments
Apophysitis
Osgood–Schlatter disease
Sinding–Larsen–Johansson syndrome
Patellar injuries
Patellar instability/dislocation
Meniscus tears
Discoid meniscus
Patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy
Bursitis
Prepatellar bursitis
Pes anserine bursitis
Prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 38. Lower leg
Introduction
Anatomy
Common lower leg injuries (Table 38.1)
Tibia & fibula stress fracture
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
Acute fractures of the tibia and fibula
Acute compartment syndrome
Other chronic leg pain
Tumors
Nonossifying fibroma
Osteoid osteoma
Amplified musculoskeletal pain and complex regional pain syndromes
Return to play and prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 39. Ankle
Introduction
Structure
Acute injuries
Chronic conditions
Risk factors for injury and prevention
Return to sport
Summary
Key points
Chapter 40. Foot
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Biomechanics
Risk factors for injury
Pathologies
Plantar fasciopathy
Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever's disease)
Iselin's disease
Posterior tibial tendon tendinopathy (insufficiency (PTTI))
Other tendon rupture and injuries
Lisfranc injury/sprains
Bony injuries
Sesamoid injuries of the hallux, turf and sand toe
Osteochondroses (Freiberg's disease, Kohler)
Accessory bones of the foot
Other conditions
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Special topics
Part I. Mental health
Chapter 41. Anxiety disorders
Background
General information on anxiety and related disorders in youth athletes
Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Social anxiety disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Separation anxiety disorder
Specific phobia
Competitive performance anxiety
Other anxiety-related disorders
General principles of diagnosis and management
Summary
Chapter 42. Attention disorders
Background
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Comorbidity
Risk factors
Clinical features
General screening
Assessment
Diagnosis of ADHD
Treatment
Pharmacologic treatment
Contraindications to using medications for ADHD
Heat illness
Concussion and ADHD
Indications for referral
Summary
Key points
Chapter 43. Depressive disorders
Introduction
Clinical description
Epidemiology
Assessment
Treatment
Suicidal behavior
Treatment planning
Summary
Key points
Chapter 44. Manic disorders and psychotic disorders
Introduction
Clinical features and diagnosis of manic disorder
Treatment of mania
Prognosis of mania
Clinical features and diagnosis of psychotic disorders
Treatment of psychosis
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 45. Coping with injury
Introduction
Psychological risk factors for injury
Psychological impact of injury
Evidence-based strategies to cope with injury
Practical tips
Patient cases
Indications for referral
Summary and key findings
Chapter 46. Bullying, harassment and abuse in sport
Spectrum and definition of abuse and maltreatment
Origins of maltreatment
Manifestations of maltreatment
Prevalence of maltreatment
Perpetrators
Consequences
Address and alert
Prevention is fundatmental
Roles and responsibilities of health care providers
Key points
Resource list for enhancing child protection in youth sports programs
Chapter 47. Eating disorders
Introduction: identifying and screening for eating disorders
Prevalence and risk factors for eating disorders
Racial disparities in recognition and treatment of eating disorders
Eating disorders in cis-males
Eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Health impacts of eating disorders
Health impacts of dangerous weight loss methods
Health impacts of common supplements and illegal substances
Prevention of eating disorders among athletes
Treatment of eating disorders among athletes
Medical complications and medication use
Establish level of activity, return to play, and determine healthy weight
Key points
Part II. Overuse
Chapter 48. Sports specialization
Introduction
Key points
Chapter 49. Bone stress injury
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Evaluation
Management
Prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 50. The female athlete triad
Introduction
Triad part 1: energy availability
Triad part 2: menstrual irregularity
Triad part 3: bone health
The evaluation for female athlete triad
Treatment
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 51. Relative energy deficiency in sport in the youth athlete
Introduction
RED-S background
Low energy availability and RED-S risk factors in youth
Notable signs and symptoms of RED-S in the young athlete
Clinical presentation of RED-S in youth athletes
Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment
Summary
Key points
Part III. Wellness
Chapter 52. Resilience, mindfulness and sports performance optimization
Introduction
Resilience
Mindfulness
Resilience and mindfulness in sports performance optimization
Summary
Key points
Chapter 53. Burnout and dropout in young athletes
Introduction/history
Definition
Prevalence/incidence
Causes/risk factors
Signs/symptoms/diagnosis
Treatment/prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 54. Nutrition and hydration
Introduction and aim
Energy recommendations
Macronutrient recommendations
Fluid recommendations
Selected micronutrients
Special considerations
Sports foods and dietary supplements
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 55. Sleep
Introduction
Physical activity and sleep
Benefits of sleep in youth athletes
Barriers to proper sleep among youth athletes
Interventions to improve sleep in youth athletes
Key points
Chapter 56. Holistic and integrative medicine in the youth athlete
Introduction
Herbs/supplements
Creatine
Caffeine
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile, Matricaria recutita)
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea purpurea)
Melatonin
Acupuncture
Yoga
Biofeedback
Manual therapies: chiropractic, osteopathic manipulation, and massage
Chiropractic
Osteopathy
Massage
Mindfulness
Summary
Key points
Part IV. Substance use disorder
Chapter 57. Substance misuse and athletic performance
Introduction
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 58. Performance-enhancing substances
Introduction
Epidemiology
Summary
Key points
Part V. Athletes with disability
Chapter 59. Athletes with physical disabilities
Introduction
Inclusion and access
Musculoskeletal injury
Medical considerations and illness
Concussion
Relative energy deficiency in sport
Cardiac considerations
Preparticipation physical exam
Mental health
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 60. Athletes with intellectual disabilities
Introduction
Types of intellectual disability and specific considerations for sport
Sports participation
Preparticipation physical examination
Considerations during youth sport
Sports-related injuries
Education and awareness of sports participation
Conclusions
Section IV. Specific sports
Chapter 61. Baseball/softball
Introduction
Injury data
Overuse injuries
Risk factors for injury
Sport specialization
Skeletal development related to throwing injuries
Mechanics of baseball and softball pitches
History and physical examination
Common injuries in pediatric baseball players
Unique injuries in pediatric softball players
Back and lower extremity injuries
Management of baseball and softball injuries
Concepts in injury prevention
Key points
Chapter 62. Basketball
Introduction
Description of the sports
Basketball-specific equipment
Epidemiology of common basketball injuries
Sport-specific demands and biomechanical principles
Lower extremity injuries
Upper extremity injuries
Concussion
Safety and prevention of basketball-specific injuries
Key points
Chapter 63. Bicycling
Introduction
Bicycle types and disciplines
Bicycle fit
Bicycling biomechanics and gearing
Bicycling injury epidemiology and rates
Risk factors for injury by mechanism and setting
Injury by type and body part
Other cycling specific or less common injuries
Relevant history and physical exam when evaluating the cyclist
Providing medical coverage at cycling events
Return to cycling after injury
Injury prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 64. Cheerleading (spirit)
Introduction on cheerleading
Injury rate/epidemiology, changes over the years
Injuries by body region
Injuries by diagnosis
Injuries by setting
Injuries by mechanism
Concussions and catastrophic injuries
Less common/unusual injuries
Risk factors for injury
Rehab considerations for common cheer injuries
RTP specific protocols
Role of the physician
Additional resources
Key points
Appendix 1
Chapter 65. Rock climbing medicine
Background and introduction
Types of climbing
Traditional climbing (TRAD)
Sport climbing
Top roping
Competition
Scoring scales in recreational climbing
Basic holds in climbing
Common rock-climbing injuries
Safety certifications
Conclusions
Key points
Chapter 66. Rowing/Crew
Introduction
Summary
Key point
Chapter 67. Cross-country/track and field
Introduction
Biomechanics
Injury epidemiology
Risk factors
Common musculoskeletal injuries by region
Common medical issues in cross country/track and field athletes
Clinical evaluation
Injury management and prevention
Return to play
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 68. Evaluation and management of the dancer
Introduction
Dance injury epidemiology
Risk factors for dance injuries
Evaluation of the dancer
Return to dance after injury or illnesss
Prevention of dance injuries
Summary
Key points
Chapter 69. Diving
Introduction
Disciplines and events
Body positions
Dive categories
Epidemiology of injury and illness
Common musculoskeletal injuries
Office-based exam considerations and the functional movement assessment
Conclusion
Key takeaways
Chapter 70. Equestrian
Introduction
Epidemiology of common injuries
Risk factors for injury
Evaluation and management
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 71. Esports
Description of esports
Gaming-related misconceptions
The approach to the esports athlete
Common musculoskeletal hazards encountered in esports
Common medical hazards in esports
Mental health hazards in esports
Evaluation and management
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 72. Field hockey
Introduction
Epidemiology of common injuries/illness in youth hockey
Risk factors
Evaluation of musculoskeletal injuries in the clinical setting
Management, rehabilitation, and return to sports decisions
Strategies for injury prevention in field hockey
Summary
Key points
Chapter 73. Figure skating
Introduction
Figure skating governance
Figure skating: the basics
Biomechanics
Epidemiology of figure skating injuries and illness
Common figure skating injuries
Common figure skating illnesses
Evaluation of the figure skater in the office setting
Return to skating
Summary
Key points
Chapter 74. Football
Origins and basics of football
Youth organizations and safety initiatives
General pediatric football epidemiology
Common injuries
Knee
Foot and ankle
Axial injuries
Cervical spine
Thoracic and lumbar spine injuries
Upper extremity injuries
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist and hand
Exertional heat illness
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 75. Golf
Description of golf
Overuse injuries related to poor mechanics: overview
Common overuse injuries
Overuse injuries related to poor mechanics: summary
Traumatic and acute injuries related to equipment: overview
Summary
Chapter key points
Chapter 76. The youth athlete: Gymnastics
Introduction
Events
Biomechanics of gymnastics
Epidemiology
Common and unique injury types in gymnasts
Common medical illnesses in the gymnast
Evaluation of the gymnast in the office setting
Scenario 1: 12-year-old female artistic gymnast presenting with right wrist pain after moving up from level 8 to level 9 over the summer
Scenario 2: 13-year-old male trampoline and tumbling gymnast presenting with low back pain that began in the first few months of the competitive season
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 77. Ice hockey
Introduction
Concussion
Shoulder injuries
Hip injuries
Knee injuries
Repetitive/overuse injuries
Foot and ankle injuries
Catastrophic/life-threatening injuries
Prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 78. Lacrosse
Introduction
What is lacrosse?
The right lacrosse at the right time
Player wellness in youth lacrosse
Injury mechanisms and prevention
Injury epidemiology
Emergency action planning
Medical issues
Return to play after lacrosse injury
Injury prevention- equipment
Strength and conditioning for youth lacrosse
Summary
Key points
Chapter 79. Martial arts and combat sports
Introduction
Common competition terms
Epidemiology of common injuries/illness
Risk factors for injury/illness
Evaluation and management
Head and face injuries
Infectious disease
Abdominal trauma
Musculoskeletal injuries
Injury prevention
Key points
Chapter 80. Performing arts
Introduction
Instrumentalists
Vocalists
Mental health of performers
Summary
Key points
Chapter 81. Rugby
Global overview of rugby codes and participation
Historical perspective
Youth Rugby injury epidemiology
Mechanism of injury in rugby
Youth Rugby injury prevention
Concussion awareness and management
Return to play nonconcussion injuries
Chapter 82. Skiing and snowboarding
History of the sport
Disciplines of skiing
Disciplines of snowboarding
Injury epidemiology
Upper extremity injuries
Lower extremity injuries
Spine and back injuries
Head and face injuries
Chest and thoracic wall injuries
Abdominal injuries
Nonmusculoskeletal injuries and considerations
General return to play considerations for snow sports
Injury prevention
General considerations for the sports medicine physician with ski coverage
Key bullet points
Chapter 83. Soccer
Introduction
Injury risk factors
Injury types
Return to play
Injury prevention
Heat illness
Key points
Chapter 84. Surfing
Introduction
Epidemiology of injury/illness
Risk factors
Evaluation and management
Prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 85. Swimming
Introduction
Physiology of swimming
Swim stroke biomechanics
Injury epidemiology
Common musculoskeletal injuries by region
Musculoskeletal evaluation of the swimmer in the office setting
Rehabilitation/return to swim after injury
Ent
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 86. The junior tennis player
Introduction
Epidemiology
Biomechanics
Developmental approach to training and competition in junior tennis player
Biologic maturation
Sports specialization and athlete development
Workload (Training and competition)
Biomechanics
Low back pain
Shoulder pain
Ankle sprain
Elbow pain
Knee pain
Wrist pain
Tennis-specific risk factors
Female tennis player
Injury prevention and return to play
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 87. Ultimate
Introduction
Injuries in ultimate
Evaluation
Management
Prevention
Key points
Chapter 88. Volleyball
Basics and rules of the game
Biomechanics of volleyball and skills
Other volleyball specifics
Epidemiology of common injuries
Risk factors for injury
Evaluation and treatment of injuries
Prevention
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 89. Waterskiing and wakeboarding
Introduction
Epidemiology of injuries
Risk factors for injury/illness
Evaluation and management
Prevention
Summary
Key points
Chapter 90. Water polo
Introduction
Biomechanics
Common musculoskeletal injuries
Common medical illnesses
Conclusion
Key points
Chapter 91. Weightlifting
Introduction
Definition of resistance/strength training
Bodybuilding
Powerlifting
Weightlifting
CrossFit
Strength training myths
Incidence of injury
Location and type of injury
Injury prevention
Supplements/doping
Body image
Summary
Key points
Chapter 92. Wrestling
Description of sport
Epidemiology of common injuries/illnesses in wrestling
Risk factors for injury/illness
Evaluation and management
Prevention
Take away points
Index

Brian J. Krabak

A Clinical Professor at the University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Sports Medicine, Dr. Krabak is an internationally recognized expert in pediatric and adult sports medicine, providing sports medicine care and lecturing throughout the world. His sports medicine experiences have included the Olympics (2010 Vancouver Games, 2004 Athens Games, 2002 Salt Lake Games), team physician for the USA Swimming National/Junior National Swim Teams and collegiate sports (University of Washington). He has published over 60 peer-reviewed articles and 27 book chapters relating to the field of Sports Medicine. Dr. Krabak has published several academic and non-academic books including the Long-Distance Runner’s Guide to Injury Prevention and Treatment, AAOS The Sports Medicine Field Manual and Ishmael’s Series (i.e., Care of the Back, Care of the Neck and Care of the Knee).

Affiliations and expertise

Clinical Professor, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Sports Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA

M. Alison Brooks

A tenured Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Dr. Brooks is an internationally recognized pediatric sports medicine expert who provides sports medicine care to recreational and competitive child, adolescent and young adult athletes. Dr. Brooks serves as a team physician for collegiate Division I Athletics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, including Men’s Soccer and Women’s Ice Hockey. She has served on the Board of Directors for the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) and as Chair of the Executive Committee for the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Council on Sports Medicine & Fitness. Her research, clinical and policy interests include concussion, prevention of sport-related injury and illness in the youth athlete and providing equitable access to sports opportunities for all kids with the goal of lifelong participation and physical activity.

Affiliations and expertise

University of Wisconsin – Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA