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The Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

Innovative Technologies and the Adaptation of Treatment Systems

1st Edition - January 25, 2023

Editors: Afzal Husain Khan, Nadeem A Khan, Mu. Naushad, Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Paperback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 9 1 6 0 - 5

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 3 2 3 - 9 5 8 7 0 - 7

The Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and the Adaptation of Treatment Systems covers the various aspects of pharmaceutical sources, treatment… Read more

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The Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and the Adaptation of Treatment Systems covers the various aspects of pharmaceutical sources, treatment technologies, their harmful effects on the natural environment, and new technological developments and upgrading of existing treatment systems. This book highlights the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) applied to treatment and resource recovery systems for pharmaceutical treatment. Case studies are included to enable fuller understanding of the practical aspects of treatment and modeling. This helpful guide is for civil and environmental engineers and researchers who want to understand the complex nature and treatment schemes for pharmaceutical wastewaters.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
About the Editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction: Occurrences, sources, and methods of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Abstract
1: General introduction
2: Occurrences and sources
3: Sources of pharmaceuticals
4: Analytical techniques used to determine pharmaceutical compounds
5: Toxicological effect of pharmaceuticals
6: Classical methods of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
7: Conclusions
References
2: Current situation of pharmaceutical wastewater around the globe
Abstract
Conflict of interest
1: Introduction
2: Characteristics of pharmaceutical wastewater
3: Source and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water
4: Source, occurrence, and fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment
5: Health hazards of discharged pharmaceuticals
6: Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment options
7: Hospital wastewater management in developed countries
8: Hospital wastewater management in developing countries
9: Conclusions
References
Further reading
3: Recent trends in graphene-based materials for pharmaceuticals wastewater treatment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Graphene-based materials
3: Removal of pharmaceuticals using graphene-based materials
4: Knowledge gaps
5: Conclusions
References
4: Fate of common pharmaceuticals in the environment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Common PhACs in the environment and their physiochemical properties
3: Metabolism and transformation processes
4: Occurrence of common pharmaceuticals in the environment
5: Fate of common pharmaceuticals in the environment
6: Conclusions
References
5: Analytical techniques for the detection of pharmaceuticals in the environment
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Preanalysis protocols
3: Analytical techniques
4: Conclusions
References
6: Treatment innovation using solar/UV
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Solar radiation
3: Advanced oxidation processes
4: Summary
References
7: Treatment innovation using biological methods in combination with physical treatment methods
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pharmaceutical wastewater: Existing contaminants, toxicity, and effects
3: Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
4: Hybrid technologies
5: Conclusions
References
8: Application of hybrid advanced oxidation and adsorption processes for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Purification of pharmaceutical wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes
3: Adsorption as a method of pharmaceutical substances removing
4: Hybrid oxidation and adsorption processes
5: Conclusions
References
9: Microalgae-based bioremediation of pharmaceuticals wastewater
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Removal mechanisms of pharmaceutical contaminants (PCs) by microalgae
3: Factors influencing the removal of PCs
4: Different approaches for the removal of PCs by microalgae phytoremediation
5: Integrated processes for removal of PCs
6: Concluding remarks and future perspectives
References
10: An overview of recent progress in membrane-based treatment for pharmaceutical wastewaters
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Adverse effects on human health
3: Membrane-based separation processes (MBSPs)
4: Conclusions
References
11: Sustainable and eco-friendly treatment of pharmaceuticals wastewater
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Pharmaceutical wastewater characteristics
3: Conventional pharmaceutical wastewater treatments
4: Advanced pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
5: Conclusions and future perspectives
References
12: Natural polymer-based sustainable adsorbents for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment
Abstract
Acknowledgment
1: Introduction
2: Biopolymers at a glance: Classification and mechanisms of PhCs adsorption
3: Cross-linked biopolymers: Especially cross-linked chitosan
4: Conclusions
References
13: Innovative and eco-friendly technologies for the upgradation of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment processes
Abstract
1: Introduction
2: Strategies for removal of pharmaceutical products from wastewater
3: Bioremediation
4: Membranes separation
5: Removal of pharmaceuticals in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
6: Constructed wetlands (CWs)
7: Treatment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater
8: Conclusions
References
14: Biohazardous effect associated with various pharma-effluent discharge in a biotic system
Abstract
Acknowledgments
1: Introduction
2: Types of effluent exposures, their sources, and impact
3: Conclusions
References
Index

Afzal Husain Khan

He is currently working in Civil Engineering Department, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. He has more than 11 years of teaching and research experience. He has >60 peer-reviewed publications, 1 book (edited), 6 patents and 5 book chapters to his credit. He is a guest Editor in ‘Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry, and ‘Frontiers in Sustainability. He is a reviewer in reputed journals such as Journal of Molecular Liquids, Chemosphere, Journal of Water Processing Engineering, Waste Management, Separation and Purification Technology, etc. His work on Advanced Oxidation Process was published in Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal of Water Process Engineering and Trends in Analytical Chemistry.

Affiliations and expertise

Department of Civil Engineering, Jazan University, Saudia Arabia

Nadeem A Khan

Dr. Nadeem A Khan is currently working as an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Mewat Engineering College, in India. Previously he was Head of Department from 2014 to 2017. He completed his Ph.D. from Jamia Millia Islamia University in 2022. He received his M.Tech. (Civil Engineering) with honours in Environmental Engineering from Aligarh Muslim University, India in 2011. He has acted as an editorial board member for Nature on Scientific Reports and worked with Springer on a special issue in the Discover Water Journal. He was awarded the Best Young Scientist Award (Male) by LWT India and GECL for his Scientific contribution to Environmental Engineering. He has published four books with international publishers, 64 papers in SCI journals, and has also published more than 10 PATENTS in civil Engineering and water treatment.

Affiliations and expertise

Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mewat Engineering College, Nuh, Haryana, India

Mu. Naushad

Dr. Mu. Naushad is working as a Full Professor at the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. His research interests include wastewater treatment, Adsorption, Ion exchange, Bioremediation and Photodegradation. Dr. Naushad is the author or co-author of over 450 refereed journal publications, seven US patents, 25 book chapters and 25 books. His work is widely recognized and have more than 27800 citations with H-index of 89 according to Google Scholar Citations. he has been included in the list of HIGHLY CITED RESEARCHER 2019, 2020 & 2021 which is one of the best achievements for an academician. He has successfully completed several research projects funded by National plan for Science and Technology (NPST) and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Affiliations and expertise

Full Professor, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Hamidi Abdul Aziz is a Professor in Environmental Engineering in the School of Civil Engineering of Universiti Sains Malaysia. Professor Aziz received his PhD degree in civil engineering (Environmental Engineering) from the University of Strathclyde in Scotland in 1992. He is a guest editor of the special issue on landfill leachate management and control of the International Journal of Environment and Waste Management (IJEWM). Professor Aziz currently serves as the Editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences (IJSRES). He also serves as the Managing Editor of the International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, IJEWM and the International of Journal of Environmental Engineering, IJEE. Professor Aziz's research focuses on alleviating problems associated with water pollution issues from industrial wastewater discharges and from solid waste management via landfilling, such as landfill leachate. Advanced oxidation processes is also one of his research focuses. In addition, he has strong interest in biodegradation and bioremediation of oil spills

Affiliations and expertise

Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia