The Scientific Basis of Mpox (Monkeypox)
Features, Prevention, and Treatments
- 1st Edition - September 30, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- Editors: Rajkumar Rajendram, Vinood Patel, Victor R Preedy
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 1 2 3 - 1
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 2 1 2 2 - 4
The Scientific Basis of Monkeypox: Features, Prevention, and Treatments advances understanding of monkeypox and provides a framework for future research with evidence-based and fo… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThe Scientific Basis of Monkeypox: Features, Prevention, and Treatments advances understanding of monkeypox and provides a framework for future research with evidence-based and forward-looking content. Content makes use of modeling systems and current experiences derived from case studies to provide material that is cross-disciplinary, bridging interdisciplinary divides. Furthermore, consideration is given to the behavioral response to monkeypox infection, including barriers to vaccination. Each chapter contains structured content, including policy and procedures, applications to new or emerging communicable diseases, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points.
Chapter contributions are from leading national and international specialists, including those from world renowned institutions who provide a global perspective. The book is a perfect reference for specialists in infectious diseases, virologists, microbiologists, health scientists, public health workers, doctors, pharmacologists, and research scientists.
Chapter contributions are from leading national and international specialists, including those from world renowned institutions who provide a global perspective. The book is a perfect reference for specialists in infectious diseases, virologists, microbiologists, health scientists, public health workers, doctors, pharmacologists, and research scientists.
- Summarizes monkeypox using evidenced based ethos
- Provides practical details, recommendations, and suggestions for research, prevention, and treatment: from cells to policy
- Presents forward-thinking application to new and emerging communicable diseases
Virologists and epidemiologistsPrimary care physicians, health practioners
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Section 1: Setting the scene and introductory chapters
- Chapter 1. A brief synopsis of mpox
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- History and discovery
- Endemicity established
- 2022 mpox outbreak
- A new presentation
- Making the diagnosis
- Treating the virus
- Tecovirimat
- Cidofovir and brincidofovir
- Vaccinia immune globulin intravenous
- Preventative practices
- Looking to the future
- Applications to other emerging infectious diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 2. Monkeypox unveiled: understanding its impact on public health
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Impact on public health: an overview
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 3. Human monkeypox virus and its evolution
- Abstract
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- Genomic features of human monkeypox virus
- Classification of human monkeypox virus in clades and their frequencies in the world
- Phyllodynamic aspects of human monkeypox virus
- Phylogeography: profile of dissemination of human monkeypox virus in the world
- Immunological aspects of human monkeypox virus infection
- Vaccination
- Conclusion
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 4. Importance of emerging lineages of monkeypox virus: an updated narrative
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5. Bridging borders: the collective fight against monkeypox outbreaks
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Global response
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Conclusion
- Future directions for research and policy
- Limitations
- Temporal scope
- Expert interviews
- Geographical limitations
- Policy review
- Research gaps
- Ethical constraints
- Interdisciplinary approach
- References
- Chapter 6. Social media and the response to mpox
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Social media research
- Key findings
- Limitations and challenges
- Applications to other infectious diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Section 2: The biology and transmission of mpox (monkeypox)
- Chapter 7. Mpox (monkeypox) virus: fundamental features of its particle, replication cycle, cytopathic effects and research models
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Structural and genomic features of monkeypox virus
- Biology of monkeypox virus
- Effects of monkeypox virus infection in vitro
- Effects of monkeypox virus infection in vivo
- Nonhuman primate model for monkeypox virus infection
- Applications to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 8. Biology of the mpox virus and the cysteine protease structures and basis of in silico studies
- Abstract
- Introduction monkeypox and cysteine proteases
- Mpox virus biology
- Cysteine proteases structure and modes of inhibition of cysteine proteases
- Role of in silico studies to target cysteine proteases
- In vitro phytochemicals targeting cysteine protease of monkeypox
- Applications to other infectious diseases
- Definitions
- Conclusion
- Summary points
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Chapter 9. The serial interval distribution of the mpox virus infection
- Abstract
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- Methods for estimating mpox serial interval and associated variations
- Case study: mpox serial interval distribution in Italy and Netherlands
- Applications to other infectious diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 10. Investigating mpox (monkeypox): linking web tools and genomic analysis
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Web pages for mpox incidence
- Web tools for mpox genomic analysis
- Databases for mpox
- Web tools for mpox genomic analysis
- Web tools for phylogenetic analysis
- Perspectives on future pandemics and new viral outbreaks
- Applications to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 11. Mathematical modeling of mpox: a review
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Overview of compartmental models of mpox
- Discussion and conclusions
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- Funding
- References
- Section 3: Detection and confirmation
- Chapter 12. Development, validation, and use of monkeypox virus assays within the clinical diagnostic and emergency use authorization/food and drug administration contexts
- Abstract
- Applications to other communicable/infectious diseases
- Dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 13. Primers and probes for the diagnostics of mpox virus
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Primers and probes for monkeypox virus diagnostics
- Discussion
- Applications to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- Acknowledgment
- Declaration of competing interest
- References
- Chapter 14. Mpox and wastewater surveillance: tracing the spread of a viral outbreak through environmental monitoring
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Studies conducted in Europe
- Studies conducted in the United States of America
- Studies conducted in Asia
- Discussion and conclusions
- Summary points
- References
- Further reading
- Section 4: Effects on the body tissues and organ systems
- Chapter 15. Time-related change in mpox (monkeypox) skin lesions and their progression
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Clinical presentation and time evolution
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Differential diagnosis
- Complications and cosmetic implications
- Treatment
- Skin care and prevention of scarring
- Rash relief
- Scarring treatment
- Pain management
- Tecovirimat
- Brincidofovir (CMX001 or TEMBEXA)
- Vaccinia immune globulin intravenous
- Cidofovir
- Topical treatment
- Topical ophthalmic treatment
- Prevention
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Macular
- Papular
- Pustular
- Vesicular
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 16. Atypical skin manifestations of MPOX
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Solitary lesions
- Lesions in immunosuppressed patients
- Genital edema
- Bacterial superinfection
- Lesions in some special locations
- Mpox whitlow and acral lesions
- Auricular lesions
- Nasal lesions
- Vulvar lesions
- Healthcare worker injuries and tattoos
- Eczema monkeypoxicum
- Maculopapular rash
- Inguinal patch in mpox infection
- Conclusions
- Applications to other emerging communicable
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 17. Variations in clinical features and symptoms in mpox (monkeypox) infection: fever and beyond
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Pre-2022 outbreaks: endemic outbreaks (west and central African clades)
- Mpox outbreak of 2022
- Extracutaneous clinical manifestations
- Locoregional symptomatology
- Anal pain (proctalgia)/proctitis
- Pharyngitis
- Locoregional oedema
- Rare life-threatening systemic complications
- Cardiac involvement
- Applications to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 18. Otolaryngological features of mpox: lymphadenopathy, pharyngeal, and airways
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Manifesting otolaryngologic symptoms
- Review of otolaryngologic anatomy
- Pharyngeal symptoms
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Applications to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 19. Cardiac involvement of monkeypox
- Abstract
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- Cardiac manifestations described in monkeypox infection
- Review of case series and case reports described in the literature
- Relationship between monkeypox virus and the heart
- Applications to other infectious diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Section 5: Vaccinations, treatments and alleviation of symptomology
- Chapter 20. The psychological responses of monkeypox (mpox) virus vaccination among health care workers: international aspects
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Occupational hazardous of healthcare workers
- Psychological impact of health emergencies on healthcare workers
- Monkeypox as a re-emerging disease
- Deleterious effect of monkeypox on healthcare workers
- Preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis
- Determinants of monkeypox vaccination among healthcare workers
- Knowledge among healthcare workers
- Perception among healthcare workers
- Factors affecting HCWs attitudes towards Mpox vaccination
- 5C scale conceptual model
- Role of psychological in shaping healthcare workers toward monkeypox vaccination
- Application to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms (operational definitions)
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 21. Immunoinformatics and monkeypox virus vaccines
- Abstract
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- Notorious effects of Mpox infection on human immune system
- Availability of effective vaccines against Mpox infection
- Challenges in the development of effective vaccine against Mpox virus
- Immunoinformatics
- Immunoinformatics paradigms in dealing with monkeypox outrage
- Application of immunoinformatics in different communicable diseases
- Conclusion
- Mini-dictionary terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 22. Barriers to mass vaccination against mpox (monkeypox): an overview
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Overview of barriers to mass immunization against monkeypox
- Conclusion
- Application to other emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Key summary
- References
- Further reading
- Chapter 23. Approved and experimental antivirals for mpox
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Tecovirimat
- Cidofovir
- Brincidofovir
- Applications to other infectious diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 24. Repurposing drugs for monkeypox using artificial intelligence
- Abstract
- Background
- The need for effective treatments
- The role of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing
- Artificial intelligence-driven DeepRepurpose framework
- Homology modeling
- Molecular docking
- Molecular dynamics simulations
- Case study results
- Conclusion
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 25. mpox (monkeypox) clinical management—a review
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Vaccination approaches against monkeypox
- Treatment
- Conclusion
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summay points
- References
- Chapter 26. Treating pustular skin lesions in viral infection: monkeypox and beyond
- Abstract
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- General measures for effective skin lesion management
- Wet dressings and the use of dressings
- Application in viral lesions: herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and monkeypox
- Antiseptic applications in viral lesion management
- Bacterial superinfection
- Locoregional edema
- Debridement of lesions
- Pain management in monkeypox
- Applications to other emerging communicable diseases
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 27. Treating concomitant human immunodeficiency virus and monkeypox virus infection
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Presentation and diagnostic considerations of monkeypox among people with human immunodeficiency virus
- Monkeypox pathogenesis
- Mpox treatment recommendations and therapeutic considerations for people with human immunodeficiency virus
- Immune reconstitution
- Drug interaction and absorption considerations
- Resistance mechanisms and implications for monkeypox treatment
- Monkeypox management in people with human immunodeficiency virus summary
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in monkeypox infection in people with severe or untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection
- Monkeypox vaccination
- Summary points
- References
- Section 6: Case studies
- Chapter 28. Monkeypox and a typical scenario of a clinical presentation, diagnosis and successful treatment
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Background
- Epidemiology
- Clinical manifestations
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Case
- Discussion
- Summary points
- Conflict of interest
- Source of funding
- Ethics statement
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 29. Case study: heterosexual transmission of monkeypox
- Abstract
- Lists of abbreviations
- Introduction
- Mini review of the area or literature
- Epidemiological situation of heterosexual transmission of monkeypox
- Situation in Spain and the Madrid region
- Heterosexual transmission of monkeypox
- Heterosexual transmission in cis men
- Heterosexual transmission in cis women
- Heterosexual transmission in transgender people
- Suggestions for improvements to surveillance and control in the heterosexual population
- Competence of healthcare professionals
- Control measures, awareness-raising campaigns, and promotion of vaccination
- Summary points
- Ethical statement
- References
- Chapter 30. Case report: simultaneous presentation of human monkeypox virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a diagnostic and management challenge
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Changes in monkeypox transmission
- Population at risk and concomitant sexually transmitted infection
- Diferencial diagnosis
- Complications
- The case study
- Clinical course
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 31. Case study: anatomopathological findings in different monkeypox cutaneous lesions
- Abstract
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Summary points
- References
- Chapter 32. Scaring and quality of life in MPOX
- Abstract
- List of abbreviations
- Clinical case
- Discussion
- Summary points
- References
- Section 7: Resources
- Chapter 33. Recommended resources for the scientific basis of monkeypox
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Resources
- Other resources
- Policy and procedure
- Mini-dictionary of terms
- Key facts
- Summary points
- Acknowledgments (in alphabetical order)
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 30, 2024
- Imprint: Academic Press
- No. of pages: 608
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780443221231
- eBook ISBN: 9780443221224
RR
Rajkumar Rajendram
Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy’s, King’s and St. Thomas Medical School, King’s College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.
Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.
Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dr Rajendram’s focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King’s College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.
Affiliations and expertise
Consultant in Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaVP
Vinood Patel
Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King’s College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications.
Affiliations and expertise
Reader, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, London, UKVP
Victor R Preedy
Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King’s College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King’s College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King’s College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UKRead The Scientific Basis of Mpox (Monkeypox) on ScienceDirect