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The Rat Nervous System
4th Edition - July 1, 2014
Editor: George Paxinos
eBook ISBN:9780080921372
9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 9 2 1 3 7 - 2
The previous editions of The Rat Nervous System were indispensable guides for those working on the rat and mouse as experimental models. The fourth edition enhances this… Read more
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The previous editions of The Rat Nervous System were indispensable guides for those working on the rat and mouse as experimental models. The fourth edition enhances this tradition, providing the latest information in the very active field of research on the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The structure, connections, and function are explained in exquisite detail, making this an essential book for any graduate student or scientist working on the rat or mouse nervous system.
Completely revised and updated content throughout, with entirely new chapters added
Beautifully illustrated so that even difficult concepts are rendered comprehensible
Provides a fundamental analysis of the anatomy of all areas of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as an introduction to their functions
Appeals to researchers working on other species, including humans
Researchers working with the rat as a model system for brain anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, behavior, and genetics
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgements
Section I. Development
Chapter 1. Gene Maps and Related Histogenetic Domains in the Forebrain and Midbrain
Molecular Versus Anatomical Distinction of Brain Subdivisions: The Specification State
Sharing of Molecularly Distinct Brain Domains Among Vertebrates
Differential Aspects of Histogenesis
The Bauplan of the Brain
The Neural Plate Subdivisions
The Closed Neural Tube
Basal Plate Regions
Alar Plate Regions
Chapter 2. Neuromeric Landmarks in the Rat Midbrain, Diencephalon and Hypothalamus, Compared with Acetylcholinesterase Histochemistry
Emergence of Ache-Positive (Ache+) Cells Between E11 And E14.5
Correlation with Autoradiographic Data
Differences Between the Rat and Chicken Patterns
Chapter 3. Tangential Migration in the Telencephalon
Tangential Migration of Cortical Interneurons
The Rostral Migratory Stream
Subpallial Tangential Migrations
Tangential Migration of Pallial Neurons
Tangential Migration of Glial Cells
Tangential Migration and the Assembly of Telencephalic Structures
Section II. Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 4. Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System
Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Arrangements of Autonomic Ganglia and Nerves
Visceral Afferent (Sensory) Neurons and Afferent Inputs to Autonomic Reflexes
Chemical Coding of Neurons and its Relevance to Understanding Autonomic Nervous System Organization
Chapter 5. Primary Afferent Projections to the Spinal Cord
Dorsolateral Fasciculus (Lissauer’s Tract)
Terminations of Primary Afferent Projections in the Spinal Cord
Somatotopic Arrangement of Primary Afferent Projections
Projections of Primary Afferents to Rexed’s Laminae and Spinal Cord Nuclei
Chapter 6. Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture
The Laminae of Rexed
Nuclei of the Spinal Cord
Chapter 7. Substantia Gelatinosa of the Spinal Cord
Introduction
Definition
Termination of Primary Afferents in the Superficial Dorsal Horn
Characteristics of Neurons of the Superficial Laminae of the Spinal Cord
Ultrastructure of the Spinal Dorsal Horn
Neurochemistry of the Dorsal Horn
Synaptic Circuits
Chapter 8. Ascending and Descending Pathways in the Spinal Cord
Ascending Spinal Pathways
Descending Pathways
Section III. Brainstem and Cerebellum
Chapter 9. Cerebellum and Cerebellar Connections
Introduction
Morphology of the Cerebellum
The Cerebellar Cortex
The Cerebellar Nuclei
Organization of the Corticonuclear Projection
Organization of the Olivocerebellar Projection
Organization of Mossy Fiber Projections
Molecular and Genetic Organization of the Cerebellar Cortex
Organization Of Cerebellar Output
Cerebellar Functional Units
Chapter 10. Periaqueductal Gray
Introduction: Early Cytoarchitectural Studies
PAG Columnar Organization
The PAG and Parallel Circuits for Emotional Coping
The Rostral PAG
Conclusions
Chapter 11. Oromotor Nuclei
Introduction
Motor Trigeminal Nucleus
Facial Nucleus
Hypoglossal Nucleus
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 12. The Lower Urinary Tract
Introduction
The Anatomy and Innervation of the Lower Urinary Tract
Conclusions
Section IV. Diencephalon, Basal Ganglia, Amygdala, and Septum
Chapter 13. Organization of the Hypothalamus
Introduction
Morphological Organization of the Hypothalamus
Functional Neural Systems
Chapter 14. Hypothalamic Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei
Magnocellular Neurosecretory System
Parvocellular Neurosecretory System
Pituitary Gland
Supraoptic Nucleus
Paraventricular Nucleus
Accessory Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurons
Chapter 15. Circumventricular Organs
Introduction and General Features
Subfornical Organ (SFO)
Vascular Organ of the Lamina Terminalis (OVLT)
Area Postrema
Median Eminence and Neurohypophysis
Subcommissural Organ (SCO)
Pineal Gland
Choroid Plexus
Chapter 16. Thalamus
Some General Aspects of Thalamic Organization
Functional Subdivisions of the Thalamus
Categorization of Thalamic Afferents as “Drivers” or “Modulators”
Reciprocity of Thalamo-Corticothalamic Relationships
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Ventral Posterior Complex
Posterior Nucleus
Ventral Posterior Parvicellular Region
Medial Geniculate Nucleus
Ventral Anterior and Ventral Lateral Nuclei
Ventral Medial Nucleus
Mediodorsal Nucleus
Submedial Nucleus
Anterior Nuclei
Lateral Nuclei
Intralaminar Nuclei
Midline Nuclei
Reticular Nucleus
Chapter 17. The Basal Ganglia
Introduction
Cortical Input to the Striatum
Striatum
Indirect Pathway
Direct/Indirect Striatal Output Systems
Striatal Patch/Matrix Compartments
Nigrostriatal Dopamine System
Basal Ganglia Outputs
Dual Output Systems of Striatal Output Pathways
Summary
Chapter 18. Amygdala: Structure and Function
Introduction
Development and Territories in the Rat Amygdala
Cytoarchitectonics and Chemoarchitectonics of the Amygdala
Functional Connectivity of the Amygdala
Behavioral Neurobiology of the Amygdala
Is the Amygdala a Functional System?
Abbreviation List
Chapter 19. Organization of the Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection System: Specific or Diffuse?
Introduction
Afferents in the BASAL Forebrain Show Regionally Restricted Localization
Cholinergic Cell Groups Show Regionally Selective Dendritic Orientation
Gross Organization of Cholinergic BF Cells
Cholinergic Cell Clusters and Overlapping Pools of Projection Neurons
Concluding Remarks
Section V. Cortex
Chapter 20. Hippocampal Formation
Anatomy of the Hippocampal Formation (HF)
Anatomy of the Parahippocampal Region (PHR)
Connectivity of the Hippocampal Formation and Parahippocampal Region
The Organization of Hippocampal Circuitry and the Flow of Information Processing
Internet Resources
Chapter 21. Cingulate Cortex and Pain Architecture
Introduction
Area, Layer and Regional Organization
Cingulate Connections
A Theory of Rodent MCC Function
Retrosplenial Cortex
Cingulate Pain Architecture
Comparative Organization of Rat and Human Cingulate Cortices
Chapter 22. Isocortex
Frontal Cortex
Parietal Cortex
Temporal Cortex
Occipital Cortex
Receptor Architecture and Hierarchical Organization of Rat Isocortical Areas
Abbreviation List
Section VI. Systems
Chapter 23. Central Autonomic System
Medullospinal Level: Reflex Control
Mesopontine Level: Modulation and Integration of Reflex Control and Arousal
Forebrain Level: Behavioral and Metabolic Integration of Autonomic Control and Arousal
Summary and Conclusion
Chapter 24. Somatosensory System
Introduction
Receptors and Peripheral Nerve Afferents
Relay Nuclei of the Brainstem and Upper Spinal Cord
The Thalamic Stage of Somatic Sensory Processing in Rats
Cortical Areas Involved in Processing Somatosensory Information
Importance of Descending Sensory Cortical Projections
Chapter 25. Pain System
Nociceptors
Dorsal Horn Interneurons
Ascending Nociceptive Pathways
Thalamus and Cortex
Descending Control Systems
Plastic Changes in Pathological Conditions
Chapter 26. Gustatory System
Introduction
Peripheral Anatomy
Central Organization
Cytoarchitecture
Neurochemistry
Functional Considerations
Conclusion
Chapter 27. The Olfactory System
Introduction
The Olfactory Epithelium
Main Olfactory Bulb
Neuromodulatory Inputs to Mob
Primary Olfactory Cortex
The Accessory Olfactory System
Non-Canonical Olfactory Systems
Olfaction and Behavior
Chapter 28. The Vestibular System
The Vestibular Receptors
Primary Vestibular Afferents
Anatomy of the Vestibular Nuclei
Vestibular Processing in Alert Animals
Vestibular Pharmacology
Membrane and Firing Properties of Central Vestibular Neurons
Vestibulo-Autonomic Interactions
Vestibular Plasticity
The Vestibular System and Spatial Navigation
Chapter 29. Auditory System
The Organ of Corti
The Cochlear Nuclear Complex
The Superior Olivary Complex
The Nuclei of the Lateral Lemniscus
The Inferior Colliculus
The Medial Geniculate Body
The Auditory Cortex
The Descending Auditory Pathway
Chapter 30. Visual System
Introduction
Distribution of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Retinal Output
Optic Nerve, Chiasm, and Tract
Retino-Recipient Nuclei
Associated Visual Nuclei
Visual Cortex
Chapter 31. Cerebral Vascular System
Introduction
Methodology
Cerebral Blood Vessels
Spinal Cord Blood Vessels
Vascular Innervation
Functional Localization with Blood Flow
Index
No. of pages: 1052
Language: English
Published: July 1, 2014
Imprint: Academic Press
eBook ISBN: 9780080921372
GP
George Paxinos
Professor Paxinos is the author of almost 50 books on the structure of the brain of humans and experimental animals, including The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, now in its 7th Edition, which is ranked by Thomson ISI as one of the 50 most cited items in the Web of Science. Dr. Paxinos paved the way for future neuroscience research by being the first to produce a three-dimensional (stereotaxic) framework for placement of electrodes and injections in the brain of experimental animals, which is now used as an international standard. He was a member of the first International Consortium for Brain Mapping, a UCLA based consortium that received the top ranking and was funded by the NIMH led Human Brain Project. Dr. Paxinos has been honored with more than nine distinguished awards throughout his years of research, including: The Warner Brown Memorial Prize (University of California at Berkeley, 1968), The Walter Burfitt Prize (1992), The Award for Excellence in Publishing in Medical Science (Assoc Amer Publishers, 1999), The Ramaciotti Medal for Excellence in Biomedical Research (2001), The Alexander von Humbolt Foundation Prize (Germany 2004), and more