The Physical Principles of Rock Magnetism

Preface

Chapter 1. Magnetic Properties of Solids

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The spontaneous magnetization of ferromagnetics

1.3 Exchange interactions

1.4 Antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism

1.5 The origin of anisotropy and magnetostriction

Chapter 2. Magnetic Minerals

2.1 Ferrimagnetism of magnetite

2.2 Properties of titanomagnetites

2.3 Maghemite

2.4 Oxidized titanomagnetites

2.5 Weak ferromagnetism in hematite

2.6 Titanohematites

2.7 Minor magnetic minerals

Chapter 3. Ferromagnetic Domain Theory

3.1 Magnetostatic energy

3.2 Anisotropy energy

3.3 Magnetostrictive strain energy

3.4 Domain walls

3.5 Single domains and multidomains

3.6 Domain wall moments and Barkhausen discreteness

3.7 Lamellar intergrowths

Chapter 4. Properties of Magnetite Grains and of Rocks containing them

4.1 Coercive force and grain size

4.2 Susceptibility of magnetite grains

4.3 Anisotropy in magnetite-bearing rocks

4.4 Saturation remanence and coercivity of remanence

4.5 Deflection of magnetization in a strongly magnetic layer

Chapter 5. Properties of Hematite Grains

5.1 Anisotropy and coercivity

5.2 Susceptibility of nematite

5.3 Anisotropy and rotational hysteresis in hematite-bearing rocks

5.4 Titanohematites

5.5 The maghemite-to-hematite transition

Chapter 6. Thermal Activation Effects

6.1 The concept of blocking temperature

6.2 Magnetic viscosity and paleomagnetic stability

6.3 Superparamagnetism and superantiferromagnetism

Chapter 7. Thermoremanent Magnetization (TRM)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Neel's (1955) theory of TRM in single domain grains

7.3 TRM in large multidomains

7.4 The pseudo single domain (grain surface) effect

7.5 Total thermoremanence

7.6 The Koenigsberger ratios

7.7 Partial thermoremanences and the law of additivity

7.8 Thermoremanence in anisotropic rock

Chapter 8. Depositional Remanent Magnetization (DRM)

8.1 The occurrence of DRM

8.2 The detrital magnetization process

8.3 Demagnetization and stability of detrital remanence

8.4 Inclination errors, water flow and other extraneous effects

Chapter 9. Chemical Remanent Magnetization (DRM)

9.1 The paleomagnetic significance of CRM

9.2 The process of chemical magnetization

9.3 The stability of chemical remanence

Chapter 10. Alternating Field Demagnetization and Anhysteretic Magnetization

10.1 The demagnetization method

10.2 Magnetostatic forces in the demagnetization process

10.3 Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM)

Chapter 11. Piezomagnetic Effects

11.1 Effect of stress on susceptibility

11.2 Effects of stress upon remanence

11.3 Magnetostriction and paleomagnetism

11.4 The seismomagnetic and volcanomagnetic effects

Chapter 12. Reversals of Remanent Magnetization

12.1 Evidence for reversals of the geomagnetic field

12.2 Self-reversal mechanisms

Chapter 13. Magnetism in Meteorites

13.1 Meteorite types and meteoritic iron

13.2 Natural remanence in chondritic meteorites

APPENDIX 1. Table of the function F' (α) = 1∫0 x tanh (αx) dx

APPENDIX 2. Table of the function F(α) = 1∫0 1∫0xy tanh (αxy) dx dy

APPENDIX 3. Table of the Langevin Function, L(α) = coth(α) - 1/?αAPPENDIX 4. Table of the function F"(α) = 1/α 1n (sinh α/α)

Bibliography

Name index

Subject Index