The Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
Explorations, Observations, Interpretations
- 1st Edition - September 19, 2021
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Author: Bert Rudels
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 6 9 3 0 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 8 1 6 9 3 1 - 5
The Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea describes the circulation and the processes in the Arctic Mediterranean, how our present knowledge has developed, and pr… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThe Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea describes the circulation and the processes in the Arctic Mediterranean, how our present knowledge has developed, and presents recent changes caused by a gradually warmer global climate.
The Arctic Mediterranean Sea has been intensively studied in recent years, especially during the fourth International Polar Year, 2007–09, and we have become increasingly aware of the changes presently taking place. This book collects and presents newly acquired knowledge and sets it in perspective to previous studies. Authored by a world-renowned leader in the field, this book explores the role of this small but important sea in the global oceanic circulation and climate—a must-read for researchers and students in the fields of oceanography and climate science.
The Arctic Mediterranean Sea has been intensively studied in recent years, especially during the fourth International Polar Year, 2007–09, and we have become increasingly aware of the changes presently taking place. This book collects and presents newly acquired knowledge and sets it in perspective to previous studies. Authored by a world-renowned leader in the field, this book explores the role of this small but important sea in the global oceanic circulation and climate—a must-read for researchers and students in the fields of oceanography and climate science.
- Relates observed features to active processes and provides sufficient background information to understand the theoretical explanations
- Presents the Arctic Mediterranean Sea in the context of global ocean circulation and climate
- Presents a modern, comprehensive, and coherent treatment of Arctic (and subarctic) physical oceanography
Polar oceanography, climate science, and atmospheric scientistsUndergraduate and PhD students, researchers, professors and other university teachers of climate and sea ice
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Preface
- Acknowledgment
- Chapter 1. From Nifelheim to Fram
- Abstract
- 1.1 In the Northern mist
- 1.2 The search for the Northeast and Northwest passages
- 1.3 A century of exploration
- 1.4 The circulation of the world ocean
- 1.5 The influence of warm ocean currents on the ice cover
- 1.6 The Fram expedition
- References
- Chapter 2. The Arctic environment
- Abstract
- 2.1 The global radiation balance and the high latitude climate
- 2.2 The atmospheric meridional energy transport
- 2.3 High-latitude atmospheric circulation patterns
- 2.4 The energy balance of the polar cap
- 2.5 Extent and major regions of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
- 2.6 The surface currents, inflows, and outflows
- 2.7 The meridional freshwater transports and the sea ice cover
- References
- Chapter 3. Observing the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
- Abstract
- 3.1 In open water and at the ice edge (1900–40)
- 3.2 Onto the ice and into the interior Arctic Ocean (1930–80)
- 3.3 Water mass distributions and the first interpretations and syntheses of the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean
- 3.4 The development in observation, navigation, and communication techniques
- 3.5 Through, beneath, and above the ice (1980–2020)
- 3.6 The Nordic Seas, the overflows, and the North Atlantic
- 3.7 Variability and change
- 3.8 The beginning of large international projects, culminating in the fourth Polar Year and beyond
- References
- Chapter 4. External forcing and local response
- Abstract
- 4.1 Sea ice; reflector and insulator
- 4.2 Sea ice thermodynamics, freezing, and melting
- 4.3 Sea ice growth during winter
- 4.4 The mechanics and dynamics of sea ice
- 4.5 Leads and polynyas
- 4.6 Haline convection and water mass transformations
- 4.7 The spreading of brine-enriched water on shelves and down slopes
- 4.8 Sea ice melting from below, sensible heat polynyas
- 4.9 Open ocean deep convection
- 4.10 Ice formation and deep ocean convection, the Weddell Sea and the Greenland Sea
- References
- Chapter 5. The circulation and transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
- Abstract
- 5.1 The North Atlantic
- 5.2 Atlantic water in the Norwegian Sea and north of Svalbard
- 5.3 Atlantic water in the Barents Sea
- 5.4 The waters leaving the Barents Sea
- 5.5 Interactions in the Nansen Basin East of the St Anna Trough
- 5.6 The circulation and water masses in the Eurasian Basin
- 5.7 The Amerasian Basin and the interactions between Pacific and Atlantic waters
- 5.8 The variability and circulation of the Atlantic water
- 5.9 The deep and bottom waters
- 5.10 The outflow areas
- 5.11 East Greenland Current and the outflow through Fram Strait
- 5.12 The Greenland slope and the Greenland Sea
- 5.13 The Iceland Sea and the overflows
- 5.14 The Irminger Sea
- 5.15 The Labrador Sea
- References
- Chapter 6. The presence and importance of internal mixing processes in the Arctic Ocean
- Abstract
- 6.1 Diffusive interfaces and staircases in the Arctic Ocean
- 6.2 Double-diffusive intrusions and interleaving
- 6.3 Connections between thermohaline intrusions, staircases, and eddies
- 6.4 The relation of thermohaline intrusions and staircases to other mixing processes
- References
- Chapter 7. Observed, computed, and deduced transports through the main gateways
- Abstract
- 7.1 From early point measurements to coordinated monitoring
- 7.2 The northward flow across the Iceland–Scotland Ridge
- 7.3 The Barents Sea inflow
- 7.4 Fram Strait: inflow, recirculation, and outflow
- 7.5 The transports in the East Greenland Current
- 7.6 The inflow through Bering Strait
- 7.7 The outflows west of Greenland, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Baffin Bay
- 7.8 Other openings
- 7.9 The mass balance of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
- 7.10 Volume, heat, and freshwater balances of the Arctic Ocean
- 7.11 Heat and freshwater transports into and out of the Arctic Ocean
- 7.12 Freshwater transports and storage in the Arctic Ocean
- 7.13 A double estuary
- 7.14 The circulation in temperature space, salinity space, and TS space
- References
- Chapter 8. Theoretical descriptions and modeling of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
- Abstract
- 8.1 Conceptual models of the circulation in marginal seas
- 8.2 Numerical modeling of the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea
- References
- Chapter 9. Variability and change
- Abstract
- 9.1 The Arctic Ocean sea ice cover
- 9.2 Ocean advection and sea ice–ocean interaction
- 9.3 Changes in freshwater storage
- 9.4 The Nordic Seas, the overflows, and the subpolar gyre
- 9.5 The circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean during the ice ages
- References
- Chapter 10. The meridional overturning circulation and the impact of the Arctic Mediterranean on the world ocean
- Abstract
- 10.1 The thermodynamics of the overturning circulation
- 10.2 The global deep circulation
- 10.3 The mixing and upwelling of the deep and abyssal waters
- 10.4 The upper layer return flow to the North Atlantic
- 10.5 The North Atlantic subtropical gyre and the Northeastern North Atlantic
- 10.6 The combined effects of cooling and freshening: insights from box models
- 10.7 Extensions of conceptual and box models
- 10.8 The stability of the overturning circulation
- 10.9 Forcing exchanges between the ocean and semienclosed seas by density differences or by wind?
- 10.10 General principles and geographical details
- References
- Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: September 19, 2021
- No. of pages (Paperback): 536
- No. of pages (eBook): 536
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN: 9780128169308
- eBook ISBN: 9780128169315
BR
Bert Rudels
Bert Rudels received his PhD in oceanography at Gothenburg University, Sweden, and has worked at the Norwegian Polar Institute in Oslo, Norway, and at the Oceanographic Institution at the University of Hamburg, Germany. He began working at the Finnish Marine Institute in Helsinki, Finland, in 1997, and in 2008 he became a professor of Geophysics at the University of Helsinki. He currently works at the Finnish Meteorological Institute. He received the Nansen Medal of the European Geophysical Union in 2011. Dr. Rudels is currently a research professor (Emeritus) at the Finnish Meteorological Institute.
Affiliations and expertise
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FinlandRead The Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea on ScienceDirect