The Mouse in Biomedical Research

Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models

2nd Edition - November 30, 2006

Editors: James G. Fox, Stephen Barthold, Muriel Davisson, Christian E. Newcomer, Fred W. Quimby, Abigail Smith

Hardback ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 6 9 4 5 7 - 7

eBook ISBN:

9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 6 9 0 7 - 2

Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models, the third volume in the four volume set, The Mouse in Biomedical Research, encompasses 23 chapters whose contents provide a broad… Read more

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Normative Biology, Husbandry, and Models, the third volume in the four volume set, The Mouse in Biomedical Research, encompasses 23 chapters whose contents provide a broad overview on the laboratory mouse’s normative biology, husbandry, and its use as a model in biomedical research. This consists of chapters on behavior, physiology, reproductive physiology, anatomy, endocrinology, hematology, and clinical chemistry. Other chapters cover management, as well as nutrition, gnotobiotics and disease surveillance. There are also individual chapters describing the mouse as a model for the study of aging, eye research, neurodegenerative diseases, convulsive disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular and skin diseases. Chapters on imaging techniques and the use of the mouse in assays of biological products are also included.

Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
List of Reviewers for Chapters in this Volume
Contributors
Foreword for Volume III
Preface
Normative Biology
Chapter 1: Gross Anatomy
INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Chapter 2: Mouse Physiology
I. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
II. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
III. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
IV. METABOLISM: THE PROBLEM OF SIZE
V. THERMOREGULATION
VI. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY*
VII. WATER REGULATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 3: Reproductive Biology of the Laboratory Mouse
I. ONTOGENY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
II. ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
III. MANAGING REPRODUCTION IN MICE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 4: Endocrinology: Bone as a Target Tissue for Hormonal Regulation
I. OVERVIEW
II. BONE CELLULAR ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY
III. HORMONAL ACTIONS ON BONE
H. 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]
IV. SUMMARY
Chapter 5: Hematology of the Laboratory Mouse
I. INTRODUCTION
II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MURINE HEMATOLOGY
III. TECHNIQUES IN HEMATOLOGY
IV. ERYTHROCYTES
V. LEUKOCYTES
VI. PLATELETS
VII. HEMOSTASIS
VIII. HEMATOLOGY OF THE MOUSE EMBRYO
IX. HEMATOLOGY OF YOUNG MICE
X. HEMATOLOGY OF AGING MICE
XI. THE ROLE OF THE SPLEEN IN MURINE HEMATOPOIESIS
XII. CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 6: Clinical Chemistry of the Laboratory Mouse
I. INTRODUCTION
II. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTATION
III. SAMPLING
IV. REFERENCE RANGES
V. SPECIFIC TESTS
Management, Techniques, and Husbandry
Chapter 7: Gnotobiotics
I. TERMINOLOGY
II. HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS IN GNOTOBIOTICS
III. ISOLATOR TECHNOLOGY
IV. DERIVATION OF GNOTOBIOTIC MICE
V. ASSOCIATING GERMFREE MICE WITH DEFINED FLORA
VI. MONITORING FOR ISOLATOR CONTAMINATION
VII. ASSOCIATION FOR GNOTOBIOTICS
Chapter 8: Management and Design: Breeding Facilities
I. INTRODUCTION
II. FACILITIES FOR BREEDING MICE
III. MICROBIOLOGIC STATUS
IV. ESTABLISHING A BREEDING COLONY
V. GENETIC QUALITY CONTROL
Chapter 9: Design and Management of Research Facilities for Mice
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
III. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND MONITORING
IV. EQUIPMENT
V. MATERIALS
VI. OPERATIONAL ISSUES
VII. ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT
VIII. CONCLUSION
Chapter 10: Nutrition
I. INTRODUCTION
II. NUTRIENTS: MEASUREMENT AND REQUIREMENTS
III. CONTAMINANTS IN DIET
IV. LABORATORY TESTING
V. DIET TYPES AND FORMULAS
VI. DIET MANUFACTURE
VII. STORAGE OF DIET
VIII. DECONTAMINATION OF DIET
IX. DIET RESTRICTION
X. INFLUENCE OF DIET ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND IMMUNITY
XI. WATER
XII. CONCLUDING COMMENTS
Chapter 11: Health Delivery and Quality Assurance Programs for Mice
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HEALTH CARE PROVISION FOR EXPERIMENTAL MICE
III. QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) PROGRAMS FOR MICE
IV. INFECTIOUS OUTBREAK SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT
V. LIMITATIONS OF OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 12: Environmental and Equipment Monitoring
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MANAGEMENT
III. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
IV. EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
V. FEED AND BEDDING
VI. SANITATION
VII. MONITORING FOR PESTS
VIII. CONCLUSION
Chapter 13: Biomethodology and Surgical Techniques
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HANDLING, IDENTIFICATION, AND RESTRAINT
III. DRUG ADMINISTRATION
IV. COLLECTION OF BIOLOGIC SPECIMENS
V. ANESTHESIA
VI. SURGICAL PROCEDURES
VII. POSTANESTHETIC AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE
VIII. EUTHANASIA
IX. NECROPSY
Chapter 14: In-Vivo Whole-Body Imaging of the Laboratory Mouse
I. INTRODUCTION
II. GENERAL FEATURES
III. ADVANTAGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
IV. DISADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES
V. LOGISTICAL ASPECTS
VI. X-RAY IMAGING, INCLUDING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
VII. ULTRASOUND
VIII. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
IX. NUCLEAR IMAGING
X. OPTICAL IMAGING
XI. MULTIMODALITY IMAGING
XII. SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Use of Mice in Biomedical Research
Chapter 15: Behavioral Testing
I. BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES
II. APPROACHES TO MEASURING BEHAVIOR
III. BEHAVIORAL DOMAINS AND SUBDOMAINS
IV. MEASURING BEHAVIOR
V. PLANNING BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENTS
VI. CONDUCTING A BEHAVIORAL TEST
VII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION
VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Chapter 16: Cardiovascular Disease: Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MOUSE MODELS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
III. MODIFIERS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
IV. INDUCTION OF CVD IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC MICE
V. SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE
Chapter 17: Convulsive Disorders
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HOMOLOGOUS MOUSE MODELS OF HUMAN EPILEPSY
III. ORPHAN MOUSE MUTANTS
IV. MULTIFACTORIAL EPILEPSY
V. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 18: Eye Research
I. INTRODUCTION
II. RELEVANCE OF MICE IN EYE RESEARCH
III. PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS PRODUCED BY STRAIN BACKGROUND AND STOCHASTIC EVENTS
IV. OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS
V. GLAUCOMA MODELS
VI. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN RETINAL DEGENERATION
Chapter 19: Genetic Analysis of Rodent Obesity and Diabetes
I. THE OBESITY AND DIABETES CRISIS
II. OBESITY IS INFLUENCED BY MANY GENES
III. MOUSE MODELS OF OBESITY AND DIABETES USED IN GENETIC ANALYSIS
IV. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Chapter 20: Mouse Models in Aging Research
I. INTRODUCTION
II. AGING, SENESCENCE, AND DISEASE: DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATION TO AGING RESEARCH
III. BASICS OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND HUSBANDRY IN AGING RESEARCH
IV. EXAMPLES OF GERONTOLOGIC STUDIES AND MOUSE MODELS USED
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 21: Mouse Models of Inherited Human Neurodegenerative Disease
I. INTRODUCTION
II. INHERITED DEVELOPMENTAL DEGENERATIONS OF THE MOUSE
III. MOUSE MODELS OF INHERITED HUMAN NEURODEGENERATION
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 22: Mouse Skin Ectodermal Organs
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HAIR FOLLICLES
III. SEBACEOUS GLANDS
IV. INTERFOLLICULAR SKIN
V. SWEAT GLANDS
VI. NAILS
VII. VOLAR PADS
VIII. MAMMARY GLANDS
IX. CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 23: Quality Control Testing of Biologics
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OVERVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGIC QUALITY CONTROL
III. PRODUCTION
IV. MICROBIOLOGIC QUALITY CONTROL TESTING
V. NONMICROBIOLOGIC QUALITY CONTROL TESTING
VI. INVESTIGATION OF OUT-OF-SPECIFICATION (OOS) RESULTS
Index