The Mouse in Biomedical Research

List of Reviewers for Chapters in this Volume

Contributors

Foreword for Volume III

Preface

Normative Biology

Chapter 1: Gross Anatomy

INTRODUCTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 2: Mouse Physiology

I. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

II. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

III. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

IV. METABOLISM: THE PROBLEM OF SIZE

V. THERMOREGULATION

VI. RENAL PHYSIOLOGY*

VII. WATER REGULATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 3: Reproductive Biology of the Laboratory Mouse

I. ONTOGENY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

II. ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

III. MANAGING REPRODUCTION IN MICE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 4: Endocrinology: Bone as a Target Tissue for Hormonal Regulation

I. OVERVIEW

II. BONE CELLULAR ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY

III. HORMONAL ACTIONS ON BONE

H. 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]

IV. SUMMARY

Chapter 5: Hematology of the Laboratory Mouse

I. INTRODUCTION

II. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MURINE HEMATOLOGY

III. TECHNIQUES IN HEMATOLOGY

IV. ERYTHROCYTES

V. LEUKOCYTES

VI. PLATELETS

VII. HEMOSTASIS

VIII. HEMATOLOGY OF THE MOUSE EMBRYO

IX. HEMATOLOGY OF YOUNG MICE

X. HEMATOLOGY OF AGING MICE

XI. THE ROLE OF THE SPLEEN IN MURINE HEMATOPOIESIS

XII. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 6: Clinical Chemistry of the Laboratory Mouse

I. INTRODUCTION

II. METHODS OF ANALYSIS AND INSTRUMENTATION

III. SAMPLING

IV. REFERENCE RANGES

V. SPECIFIC TESTS

Management, Techniques, and Husbandry

Chapter 7: Gnotobiotics

I. TERMINOLOGY

II. HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS IN GNOTOBIOTICS

III. ISOLATOR TECHNOLOGY

IV. DERIVATION OF GNOTOBIOTIC MICE

V. ASSOCIATING GERMFREE MICE WITH DEFINED FLORA

VI. MONITORING FOR ISOLATOR CONTAMINATION

VII. ASSOCIATION FOR GNOTOBIOTICS

Chapter 8: Management and Design: Breeding Facilities

I. INTRODUCTION

II. FACILITIES FOR BREEDING MICE

III. MICROBIOLOGIC STATUS

IV. ESTABLISHING A BREEDING COLONY

V. GENETIC QUALITY CONTROL

Chapter 9: Design and Management of Research Facilities for Mice

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING

III. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL AND MONITORING

IV. EQUIPMENT

V. MATERIALS

VI. OPERATIONAL ISSUES

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT

VIII. CONCLUSION

Chapter 10: Nutrition

I. INTRODUCTION

II. NUTRIENTS: MEASUREMENT AND REQUIREMENTS

III. CONTAMINANTS IN DIET

IV. LABORATORY TESTING

V. DIET TYPES AND FORMULAS

VI. DIET MANUFACTURE

VII. STORAGE OF DIET

VIII. DECONTAMINATION OF DIET

IX. DIET RESTRICTION

X. INFLUENCE OF DIET ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND IMMUNITY

XI. WATER

XII. CONCLUDING COMMENTS

Chapter 11: Health Delivery and Quality Assurance Programs for Mice

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HEALTH CARE PROVISION FOR EXPERIMENTAL MICE

III. QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) PROGRAMS FOR MICE

IV. INFECTIOUS OUTBREAK SOURCES AND MANAGEMENT

V. LIMITATIONS OF OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Chapter 12: Environmental and Equipment Monitoring

I. INTRODUCTION

II. MANAGEMENT

III. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

IV. EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

V. FEED AND BEDDING

VI. SANITATION

VII. MONITORING FOR PESTS

VIII. CONCLUSION

Chapter 13: Biomethodology and Surgical Techniques

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HANDLING, IDENTIFICATION, AND RESTRAINT

III. DRUG ADMINISTRATION

IV. COLLECTION OF BIOLOGIC SPECIMENS

V. ANESTHESIA

VI. SURGICAL PROCEDURES

VII. POSTANESTHETIC AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE

VIII. EUTHANASIA

IX. NECROPSY

Chapter 14: In-Vivo Whole-Body Imaging of the Laboratory Mouse

I. INTRODUCTION

II. GENERAL FEATURES

III. ADVANTAGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

IV. DISADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES

V. LOGISTICAL ASPECTS

VI. X-RAY IMAGING, INCLUDING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

VII. ULTRASOUND

VIII. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

IX. NUCLEAR IMAGING

X. OPTICAL IMAGING

XI. MULTIMODALITY IMAGING

XII. SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Use of Mice in Biomedical Research

Chapter 15: Behavioral Testing

I. BEHAVIORAL PHENOTYPES

II. APPROACHES TO MEASURING BEHAVIOR

III. BEHAVIORAL DOMAINS AND SUBDOMAINS

IV. MEASURING BEHAVIOR

V. PLANNING BEHAVIORAL EXPERIMENTS

VI. CONDUCTING A BEHAVIORAL TEST

VII. SOURCES OF INFORMATION

VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Chapter 16: Cardiovascular Disease: Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis

I. INTRODUCTION

II. MOUSE MODELS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

III. MODIFIERS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

IV. INDUCTION OF CVD IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC MICE

V. SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE

Chapter 17: Convulsive Disorders

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HOMOLOGOUS MOUSE MODELS OF HUMAN EPILEPSY

III. ORPHAN MOUSE MUTANTS

IV. MULTIFACTORIAL EPILEPSY

V. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 18: Eye Research

I. INTRODUCTION

II. RELEVANCE OF MICE IN EYE RESEARCH

III. PHENOTYPIC EFFECTS PRODUCED BY STRAIN BACKGROUND AND STOCHASTIC EVENTS

IV. OCULAR ANGIOGENESIS

V. GLAUCOMA MODELS

VI. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN RETINAL DEGENERATION

Chapter 19: Genetic Analysis of Rodent Obesity and Diabetes

I. THE OBESITY AND DIABETES CRISIS

II. OBESITY IS INFLUENCED BY MANY GENES

III. MOUSE MODELS OF OBESITY AND DIABETES USED IN GENETIC ANALYSIS

IV. FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Chapter 20: Mouse Models in Aging Research

I. INTRODUCTION

II. AGING, SENESCENCE, AND DISEASE: DEFINITIONS AND APPLICATION TO AGING RESEARCH

III. BASICS OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND HUSBANDRY IN AGING RESEARCH

IV. EXAMPLES OF GERONTOLOGIC STUDIES AND MOUSE MODELS USED

V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 21: Mouse Models of Inherited Human Neurodegenerative Disease

I. INTRODUCTION

II. INHERITED DEVELOPMENTAL DEGENERATIONS OF THE MOUSE

III. MOUSE MODELS OF INHERITED HUMAN NEURODEGENERATION

IV. CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 22: Mouse Skin Ectodermal Organs

I. INTRODUCTION

II. HAIR FOLLICLES

III. SEBACEOUS GLANDS

IV. INTERFOLLICULAR SKIN

V. SWEAT GLANDS

VI. NAILS

VII. VOLAR PADS

VIII. MAMMARY GLANDS

IX. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 23: Quality Control Testing of Biologics

I. INTRODUCTION

II. OVERVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGIC QUALITY CONTROL

III. PRODUCTION

IV. MICROBIOLOGIC QUALITY CONTROL TESTING

V. NONMICROBIOLOGIC QUALITY CONTROL TESTING

VI. INVESTIGATION OF OUT-OF-SPECIFICATION (OOS) RESULTS

Index