The Brain and Psychology

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I The Organization of the Brain

Chapter I An Introduction to the Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry of the Brain

I. The Neuron

II. The Central Nervous System: The Brain and Spinal Cord

Bibliography

Chapter II Functional Organization of the Human Brain

I. Introduction: What Organizes Which Functions?

II. Integrators of Body Action in the Spinal Cord

III. Brainstem: Special Senses and Motor Organs of the Head; Orienting, Attending, Eating, Breathing, and Communicating

IV. Cerebellum: Center for Motor Strategies and Skills

V. The Forebrain

VI. Conclusions

Bibliography

Part II Information Processing in the Brain

Chapter III The Neuropsychology of Attention: Emotional and Motivational Controls

I. Introduction

II. Arousal, Activation, and Effort—A Model of Attention

III. Human Psychophysiology and Autonomic Correlates of Attention

IV. The Delineation of Brain Systems in Attention

V. Neurochemical Mechanisms in Attention

VI. Conclusion: Emotion and Motivation in Attention

Bibliography

Chapter IV Visual Perception and Memory

I. Introduction

II. Visual Processing

III. Registration and Selection

IV. Encoding and Retention

V. Hemispheric Differences in Encoding

VI. Conclusions

Bibliography

Chapter V Language and Verbal Processes

I. Disorders in Phonological Processing

II. Syntax and Semantics

III. The Lexicon

IV. Electrical Mapping of the Brain

V. Left-Right Asymmetry

VI. The WADA Test

VII. Electroencephalographic Data

VIII. Visual Half-Field Studies

IX. Dichotic Studies

Χ. Development of Speech and Language and CNS Maturation

Bibliography

Chapter VI Cerebral Asymmetry and the Psychology of Man

I. Introduction

II. The Split-Brain Patient

III. Individual Differences in Human Brain Organization

IV. Sociobiology and Cerebral Asymmetry

Bibliography

Part III Psychology and the Recent Research on the Brain

Chapter VII Cognition and the Brain

I. Point of Departure

II. From Awareness to Automatization

III. Genetically Preprogrammed Behavior

IV. From Stimulus-Bound Response to Mental Representation

V. The Need for Response Inhibition

VI. Functional Distance in the Brain

VII. Life-Span Changes in Functional Cerebral Space

VIII. Why Function is Localized in the Brain

IX. Hemisphere Differences

X. Selector Mechanisms

XI. Educational Implications

Bibliography

Chapter VIII The Developing Brain and Child Development

I. Introduction

II. Past Endeavors to Relate Behavior to the Brain

III. Neurological Processes in Perception

IV. Arousal, Attention, and the Developing Brain

V. Attention and Habituation in Perceptual Development

VI. Affective Development

VII. Cognitive Development

VIII. Individual Differences in Attention and Perception

IX. Conclusion

Bibliography

Chapter IX Learning and the Brain

I. Introduction

II. The Functions of the Brain

III. The Functional Organization of the Brain

IV. Biological Processes in Learning and Memory

V. Fundamental Processes of Learning

VI. Summary

Bibliography

Subject Index