The Bone and Mineral Manual
A Practical Guide
- 2nd Edition - August 23, 2005
- Editors: Michael Kleerekoper, Ethel S. Siris, Michael McClung
- Language: English
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 4 7 0 7 4 - 0
- Brings together up-to-date bone and mineral metabolism methods in one easily, accessible volume
- Provides a quick reference for bone and mineral disorders
- Addresses problems likely to be seen at all ages, from the pre-term infant to the centenarian
- Ideal for practicing physicians, residents, medical students, and researchers
Bone biologists, osteologists, and cell biologists.
Part One: Diagnostic Procedures
Chapter 1: Indications for Bone Mass Measurement
- Publisher Summary
- Children and Adolescents
- Premenopausal Women and Young Adult Men
- Early Menopause (0–5 years postmenopause)
- Postmenopause But Younger Than 65 Years
- Postmenopause Age 65 Years or Older
- Men Age 65 Years or Older
- Note
- Suggested Readings
Chapter 2: A Practical Guide to Bone Densitometry
- Publisher Summary
- Purpose of Bone Densitometry
- Methods and Measurement Sites
- Who Should Have BMD Measured?
- Who Should Not Have BMD Measured?
- How Often Should BMD Be Repeated?
Chapter 3: Laboratory Analyses Useful in the Diagnosis of Bone and Calcium Metabolic Disorders
- Publisher Summary
- Serum Calcium
- Serum Phosphorus
- Serum Parathyroid Hormone
- Serum Vitamin D Metabolites
- Serum Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (PTHrP)
- Excretion of Calcium and Phosphorus in Urine
- Strategy for Pathophysiologic Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia
- Strategy for Pathophysiologic Diagnosis of Hypocalcemia
- How to Interpret the Serum Chemistry Panel in Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia
Chapter 4: Biochemical Markers of Bone Remodeling
- Publisher Summary
- Bone Remodeling
- Clinical Utility of Biochemical Markers
- Resorption Markers
- Formation Markers
- When to Order a Biochemical Marker of Bone Remodeling
- How Often Should Markers be Measured?
Chapter 5: Skeletal Imaging: Radiography, Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Publisher Summary
- Techniques and Applications
- Bone and Mineral Disorders: Radiographic Features
- Uses
Chapter 6: Scintigraphy
- Publisher Summary
- Advantages
- Disadvantage
- In Osteoporosis
- In Osteomalacia
- In Hyperparathyroidism
- In Paget Disease
- In Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Part Two: Clinical Disorders
Chapter 7: Hypocalcemia and Hypercalcemia in Neonates
- Publisher Summary
- Neonatal Hypocalcemia
- Neonatal Hypercalcemia
Chapter 8: Preterm Infants with Fractures
- Publisher Summary
- Pathophysiology
- Clinical Features
- Initial Presentation
- Physical Examination
- Diagnostic Workup
- Treatment and Follow-up
- Monitoring and Follow-up
- Complications
Chapter 9: Rickets
- Publisher Summary
- Pathophysiology
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Presentation
- Radiologic Changes
- Biochemical Features
- Investigations
- Prevention and Management
Chapter 10: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Publisher Summary
- Definition
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical Classification
- Differential Diagnosis of OI
- Involvement of Organs Other Than Bone in OI
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Genetics of OI
- Medical Treatment
- Orthopedic Treatment
Chapter 11: Juvenile Osteoporosis
- Publisher Summary
- Juvenile Osteoporosis
- Bone Density Measurements in Children
- Clinical Symptoms of JOP
- Clinical Signs of JOP
- Radiographic Findings in the Skeleton
- Biochemical Findings of IJOP
- Biochemical Findings of JOP as Part of Another Primary Disease Process
- Histomorphometric Findings of Bone in IJOP
- Natural History of IJOP
- Treatment Approach to IJOP
- Causes of Osteoporosis in Children and Adolescents
Chapter 12: Fibrous Dysplasia
- Publisher Summary
- Fibrous Dysplasia
- Most Common Symptoms
- Radiographic Appearance
- Histologic Appearance
- Skeletal Complications
- Indications for Surgery
- Surgical Procedures
- Medical Treatment
- McCune-Albright Syndrome (1937)
- Endocrine Overactivity That May Be Associated with McCune-Albright Syndrome
Chapter 13: Optimizing Peak Bone Mass
- Publisher Summary
- Definition
- Factors Influencing PBM
- Optimizing PBM
Chapter 14: Bone Disorders Associated with Primary or Secondary Amenorrhea
- Publisher Summary
- Definition
- Causes
- Amenorrhea and Bone
- Mediators of Bone Loss
- Evaluation
- Treatment
Chapter 15: Nephrolithiasis
- Publisher Summary
- Composition and Frequency of Kidney Stones
- Clinical Manifestations of Stones by Stone Composition
- Active Stone Disease
- Diagnostic Evaluation of Stone Formers
- Laboratory Evaluation of Stone Formers
- Pathogenesis of Stone
- Causes of Calcium Oxalate Stones
- Causes of Hypercalciuric Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation
- Causes of Low Urine Citrate (<500 mg/24 hour)
- Causes of Hyperoxaluria (24-hour urine oxalate >45 mg)
- Causes of Hyperuricosuria (24-hour urine uric acid >800 mg in men, >750 mg in women)
- Pathogenesis of IH
- Four Models of Hypercalciuria in IH
- Treatment of IH to Prevent Stones
- Treatment of Hyperoxaluric States
- Treatment of Hyperuricosuric Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation
- Stone Removal
Chapter 16: Acute Spinal Cord Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury
- Publisher Summary
- Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Chapter 17: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
- Publisher Summary
- Definition
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Procedures
- Treatment
Chapter 18: Evaluation of the Patient with Low Bone Density
- Publisher Summary
- Densitometry
- Differential Diagnosis of Low Bone Density
- Secondary Osteoporosis
- High Prevalence of Unsuspected Secondary Osteoporosis in Otherwise Healthy Postmenopausal Women and Men with Osteoporosis
- Correct Diagnosis Requires Good Medical History, Physical Exam, and Laboratory Tests
- Prudent Laboratory Testing Recommendations
- Consider Referral to Osteoporosis Specialist or Evaluate Further
- Summary
- Diseases Associated with Low Bone Density
Chapter 19: Calcium and Vitamin D
- Publisher Summary
- Calcium, Vitamin D, and Bone
- Effects on Fracture Rates and Falls
- Amounts Needed for Men and Women
- Foods High in Calcium and Vitamin D
- Supplements
Chapter 20: Pharmacologic Therapy
- Publisher Summary
Chapter 21: Nonpharmacologic Prevention and Management of Falls and Fractures
- Publisher Summary
- General Information
- Medications Associated with Falls and Fractures
- Medical Factors Contributing to Falls and Fractures
- Biomechanical Risk Factors for Hip Fracture Independent of Low Bone Mass
- Multifactorial Intervention to Reduce Risk of Falls Among Community-Dwelling Elderly
- General Preventive Measures to Maintain Skeletal Integrity
- External Hip Protectors
- General Measures to Prevent Falls and Fractures
- Home Safety Measures to Prevent Falls
- Management of Painful Vertebral Fractures
- Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty
Chapter 22: Osteoporosis in Men
- Publisher Summary
- Clinical Impact
- Clinical Characteristics
- Predictors of Fracture Risk
- Determinants of Bone Mass
- Hypogonadism
- When to Measure BMD
- Calcium and Vitamin D Nutrition
- Pharmacologic Therapy
- Testosterone Replacement Therapy
Chapter 23: Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis
- Publisher Summary
- Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
- Susceptibility to Effects of Steroids
- Effects of Glucocorticoids on Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism
- Direct Effects on Bone
- Aseptic (Avascular) Necrosis
- Effects on Muscle
- Management of Patients Starting or Taking Glucocorticoids
Chapter 24: Organ Transplantation
- Publisher Summary
- Epidemiology
- Risk Factors for Bone Loss before Transplantation
- Risk Factors for Bone Loss after Transplantation
- Prevention
- Cautionary Note
Chapter 25: Paget’s Disease of Bone
- Publisher Summary
- Epidemiology and Etiology
- Pathophysiology
- Laboratory Tests
- Radiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Indications for Medical Treatment
- Specific Antipagetic (Antiosteoclast) Therapy in the United States
- Resource
Chapter 26: Renal Bone Diseases
- Publisher Summary
- Renal Osteodystrophy
- Calcific Uremic Arteriolopathy (CUA) or Calciphylaxis
- Dialysis-Related β2-M Amyloidosis
- Post-Renal Transplant Bone Disease
- Osteoporosis in CKD and ESRD
- Steroid-Induced Osteoporosis
- Heparin-Induced Osteoporosis
Chapter 27: Metastatic Bone Disease
- Publisher Summary
- Bone Metastases
- Frequency of Bone Metastases
- Clinical Consequences
- Pathogenesis
- Diagnosis
- Management
Chapter 28: Osteomalacia
- Publisher Summary
- Definition
- Normal Bone Physiology
- Normal Histomorphometry of Bone
- Histomorphometry of Osteomalacia
- Mechanisms of Defective Mineralization
- Clinical Presentations
- Radiographic Findings
- Laboratory Findings
- Differential Diagnoses
- Treatment
- Monitoring
Chapter 29: High Bone Mass
- Publisher Summary
- Glossary
- Disorders That Cause High Bone Mass
- Radiographic Patterns of High Bone Mass
Chapter 30: Hypercalcemia
- Publisher Summary
- Introduction
- Differential Diagnosis
- Clinical Findings
- Investigations
- Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
- Sarcoidosis
- Principles of Hypercalcemia Management
- Emergency Treatment
Chapter 31: Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Publisher Summary
- General Points
- Role of Bone Mass Measurement
- Surgical Guidelines
- Preoperative Localization
- Surgery
- Surgery: Pathology
- Medical Management: General
- Medical Management: Specific
- Course
Chapter 32: Hypocalcemia
- Publisher Summary
- Differential Diagnosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnostic Tests
- Therapy
Chapter 33: Phosphorus and Magnesium
- Publisher Summary
- Phosphorus Disorders
- Magnesium Disorders
Part Three: Patient and Family Education and Support
Chapter 34: Principles of Patient and Family Education and Support
- Publisher Summary
- Patient and Family Education
- Goals of Patient and Family Education
- The Support Group
Chapter 35: Resources for Education and Support
- Publisher Summary
- Edition: 2
- Published: August 23, 2005
- Language: English
MK
Michael Kleerekoper
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Internal Medicine and Section Chief, Division of Endocrinology, University of Toledo Medical School, Toledo, OH, USAES
Ethel S. Siris
Ethel S. Siris, MD, is the Madeline C. Stabile Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, and the Director of the Toni Stabile Osteoporosis Center of the Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, all in New York, New York. She is a graduate of Radcliffe College, Harvard University, and received her medical degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. An endocrinologist, she works as a clinician, as a clinical investigator and as a medical educator, all in the area of metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. In her career she has participated in research activities with bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) and RANKL inhibitors. Dr. Siris served as the Medical Director of NORA, the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment, a public health initiative and longitudinal study of osteoporosis that included over 200,000 postmenopausal women in the US. Most recently her research activity has focused both on risk factors for osteoporosis and treatment adherence with osteoporosis medications.
Dr. Siris is the immediate past president of the National Osteoporosis Foundation and currently serves on the Board of Trustees of both the National Osteoporosis Foundation in the US and the International Osteoporosis Foundation. She is also a member and former vice chair of the Board of Directors of the Paget Foundation for Paget's Disease of Bone and Related Disorders. She has previously served on the Council of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and on the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee of the US Food and Drug Administration. She has published widely in the medical literature and is co-editor of the book, The Bone and Mineral Manual. Dr. Siris has been interviewed frequently on both television and radio and is often quoted in print media regarding osteoporosis.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University; Director of the Toni Stabile Osteoporosis Center of the Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian HospitalMM
Michael McClung
Dr. Michael McClung is the founding director of the Oregon Osteoporosis Center. He graduated from Rice University in Houston and from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas. After his training in Internal Medicine at Parkland Hospital in Dallas, he completed a fellowship in Endocrinology at the National Institute of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. He then joined the faculty at the Oregon Health Sciences University, where he is an Associate Professor of Medicine. At OHSU, he founded a clinic devoted to the care of patients with disorders of bone and calcium metabolism that eventually grew into the Oregon Osteoporosis Center. In 1987, Dr. McClung joined the Department of Medical Education at Providence Medical Center where he is actively involved in the training of young physicians. He is board certified in both Internal Medicine and in Endocrinology and Metabolism, and is a fellow of the American College of Endocrinologists and the American College of Physicians.
Dr. McClung is an internationally recognized expert in the fields of osteoporosis and bone density testing. His Center has been involved in many of the important clinical studies that resulted in the availability of the medications now used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. He has published more than 200 papers and book chapters, is co-editor of a book for clinicians about disorders of bone and mineral metabolism and is a member of the editorial boards for several journals in his field.
Dr. McClung is widely known as an educator, translating clinical research information into practical strategies of evaluation and treatment for other physicians. He is an active member of multiple international societies focusing on bone diseases and their treatment. He serves as a member of the Council of Scientific Advisors for the International Osteoporosis Foundation, on the Scientific Advisory Board of the National Osteoporosis Foundation, and as a medical advisor for the Paget Foundation. He was a member of the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Task Force that led to the development of the FRAX® tool. He is a member of the global advisory boards for multiple companies and organizations. He has served on the Endocrinology and Metabolism Advisory Committee of the FDA and has participated in the development of evidence–based guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis for several national and international societies.
Affiliations and expertise
Founding Director of the Oregon Osteoporosis Center; Associate Professor of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USARead The Bone and Mineral Manual on ScienceDirect