The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease
- 1st Edition - January 2, 2014
- Authors: Megan B. Brickley, Rachel Ives
- Language: English
- Hardback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 1 2 - 3 7 0 4 8 6 - 3
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 9 7 5 6 1 - 0
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 0 8 - 0 5 5 7 9 1 - 5
The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease provides a comprehensive and invaluable source of information on this important group of diseases. It is an essential guide for those… Read more
The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease provides a comprehensive and invaluable source of information on this important group of diseases. It is an essential guide for those engaged in either basic recording or in-depth research on human remains from archaeological sites. The range of potential tools for investigating metabolic diseases of bone are far greater than for many other conditions, and building on clinical investigations, this book will consider gross, surface features visible using microscopic examination, histological and radiological features of bone, that can be used to help investigate metabolic bone diseases.
- Clear photographs and line drawings illustrate gross, histological and radiological features associated with each of the conditions
- Covers a range of issues pertinent to the study of metabolic bone disease in archaeological skeletal material, including the problems that frequent co-existence of these conditions in individuals living in the past raises, the preservation of human bone and the impact this has on the ability to suggest a diagnosis of a condition
- Includes a range of conditions that can lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis, including previous investigations of these conditions in archaeological bone
A wide range of individuals engaged in the study of physical anthropology, paleopathology, medical history and forensic anthropology.
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Chapter 1. Introduction
Metabolic Bone Disease: A Definition
Format of the Book
Chapter 2. The Study of Metabolic Bone Disease in Bioarchaeology
Approaches to the Study of Metabolic Bone Disease
Challenges in the Investigation of Metabolic Bone Disease
Museum Collections
Archaeological Human Bone
Paleopathological Diagnoses
Demographic Issues
Modern Medical Data
Genetics and Anthropology
Cultural and Social Anthropology
Nutritional and Medical Anthropology
Primatology
Conclusions
Chapter 3. Background to Bone Biology and Mineral Metabolism
Bone Tissue: Cortical and Trabecular Bone
Different Types of Bone Structure: Woven Bone and Lamellar Bone
Bone Cells
Modeling and Remodeling: Growth and Adulthood
Mechanisms of Growth
Modeling
Remodeling
Bone Mineralization: The Extracellular Matrix (osteoid)
Tooth Formation and Mineralization
Reasons for Remodeling
Box Feature 3.1. Bone Biology in Context of the Life Course
Bone Biology in Fracture Healing
Mineral Metabolism during Life
Extracellular Mineral Metabolism
Conclusions
Chapter 4. Vitamin C Deficiency Scurvy
Causes of Vitamin C Deficiency
Sources of Vitamin C
Box Feature 4.1. Scurvy and Weaning
The Role of Vitamin C
Vitamin C Requirements
Consequences of Scurvy
Consequences for Adults
Consequences for Children
Scurvy in the Modern Perspective
Anthropological Perspectives
Reference to Probable Scurvy in Early Texts
Box Feature 4.2. Subsistence Change and the Development of Scurvy: The Origins of Agriculture
A More Recent View of Scurvy in the Past
Paleopathological Cases of Scurvy
Diagnosis of Scurvy in Archaeological Bone
Macroscopic Features of Infantile Scurvy
Macroscopic Features of Adult Scurvy
Radiological Features of Infantile Scurvy
Radiological Features of Adult Scurvy
Histological Features of Infantile Scurvy
Histological Features of Adult Scurvy
Differential Diagnosis
Box Feature 4.3. Scurvy in Non-Human Primates: A Result of Human Actions
Conclusions
Appendix: Summary of Published Archaeological Evidence for Vitamin C Deficiency
Chapter 5. Vitamin D Deficiency
The Skeletal Requirement of Vitamin D
Terminology
Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency
Sunlight
Cultural Practices and Sunlight Exposure
Skin Pigmentation and Genetic Adaptations
Food Sources
Pregnancy and Lactation
Increased Age
Age-Related Osteoporosis
Additional Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency with Effects on Mineral Metabolism
Rickets
Consequences of Rickets
Historical Recognition of Rickets
Rickets in the Modern Perspective
Anthropological Perspectives: Rickets
Box Feature 5.1. Beyond Fighting: The Physiological Impact of Warfare
Paleopathological Cases of Rickets
Diagnosis of Rickets in Archaeological Bone
Macroscopic Features of Rickets
Radiological Features of Rickets
Histological Features of Rickets
Residual Rickets in the Anthropological Perspective: Adult Evidence of Childhood Vitamin D Deficiency
Diagnosis of Residual Rickets in Archaeological Bone
Macroscopic Features of Residual Rickets
Radiological Features of Residual Rickets
Histological Features of Rickets
Co-Morbidities
Differential Diagnosis
Vitamin D Deficiency Osteomalacia
Pseudofractures
Adult Vitamin D Deficiency in the Modern Perspective
Box Feature 5.2. Physical and Non-Violent Manifestations of Abuse
Anthropological Perspectives: Osteomalacia
Paleopathological Cases of Osteomalacia
Diagnosis of Osteomalacia in Archaeological Bone
Macroscopic Features of Osteomalacia
Radiological Features of Osteomalacia
Histological Features of Osteomalacia
Conclusions
Appendix: Summary of Published Archaeological Evidence for Vitamin D Deficiency
Chapter 6. Age-Related Bone Loss and Osteoporosis
Definitions of Osteoporosis
Causes of Age-Related Osteoporosis
Menopause
Increased Age
Peak Bone Mass
Mechanical Loading
Extremes of Exercise
Continuing Sub-Periosteal Apposition
Genetics and Population Groups
Nutrition and Lifestyle
Skeletal Features of Age-Related Osteoporosis
Consequences of Age-Related Osteoporosis: Fractures
Distal Radius Fractures (Colles ’ Fractures)
Vertebral Fractures
Femoral Fractures
Osteoporosis in the Modern Perspective
Anthropological Perspectives
Box Feature 6.1. Historical and Anthropological Perspectives of Aging
Age-Related Osteoporosis in Men
Box Feature 6.2. Animal Studies in Osteoporosis I: Age-Related Bone Loss
Box Feature 6.3. Problems in the Determination of Age-Related Bone Changes in Biological Anthropology
Paleopathological Cases of Age-Related Osteoporosis
Co-Morbidities
Diagnosis of Age-Related Bone Loss and Osteoporosis in Archaeological Bone
Macroscopic Features of Osteoporosis
Radiological Features of Osteoporosis
Histological Changes of Osteoporosis
Conclusions
Chapter 7. Secondary Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Causes of Secondary Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Osteopenia and Mobility
Effects of Immobilization
Box Feature 7.1. Animal Studies in Osteoporosis II: Immobilization-Related Osteopenia
Trauma and Causes of Immobility
Non-Long Bone Trauma and Additional Causes of Disuse Osteoporosis
Bone Loss in Infectious Diseases
Immobility in Viral Conditions
Congenital and Developmental Conditions
Osteopenia in Spinal Cord or Neuromuscular System Afflictions
Box Feature 7.2. Implications of Immobility and Inferences of Disability
Osteopenia in Pathological Conditions
Joint Disease
Hematopoietic Conditions
Neoplastic and Malignant Conditions
The Influence of Diet on Osteoporosis Risk
Dietary Acid Load and Proposed Mechanisms of Bone Loss
Calcium
Protein
Fatty Acids
Fruit and Vegetables
Anthropological Perspectives
Calcium in the Evolutionary Perspective
The Effect of Meat Eating on Calcium Adequacy
Box Feature 7.3. The Health of Adaptive and Transitional Diets: Integrated Approaches?
Calcium Availability with the Onset of Domestication
Diagnosis of Secondary Osteopenia in Archaeological Bone
Conclusions
Chapter 8. Paget’s Disease of Bone
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PAGET’S DISEASE
Box Feature 8.1. Animal Paleopathology
Consequences of Paget’s Disease
Pelvic Changes
Cranial Changes
Long Bone Changes
Other Bones that can be Affected
Co-Morbidities
Paget’s Disease in the Modern Perspective
Age and Sex
Geographic Variation
Anthropological Perspectives
Paleopathological Cases of Paget’s Disease
Diagnosis of Paget’s Disease in Archaeological Bone
Macroscopic Features of Paget’s Disease
Radiological Features of Paget’s Disease
Histological Features of Paget’s Disease
Differential Diagnosis
Box Feature 8.2. The Contribution of Paleopathology to Modern Medicine
Conclusions
Chapter 9. Miscellaneous Conditions
Fluorosis
Consequences of Fluorosis
Dental Fluorosis
Skeletal Fluorosis
Co-Morbidities
Fluorosis in the Modern Perspective
Anthropological Perspectives: Fluorosis
Paleopathological Cases of Fluorosis
Other Conditions Linked to Intoxication
Hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hyperparathyroidism
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Consequences of Hyperparathyroidism
Anthropological Perspectives: Hyperparathyroidism
Paleopathological Cases of Hyperparathyroidism
Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism in Archaeological Bone
Pellagra
Box Feature 9.1. Anthropological Investigations of Displaced Peoples
Starvation
Box Feature 9.2. Malnutrition, Starvation and Osteoporosis
Rare Metabolic Bone Diseases
Hyperostosis
Hypophosphatasia
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Conclusions
Chapter 10. Overview and Directions for Future Research
Bone Biology
Vitamin C Deficiency, Scurvy
Vitamin D Deficiency, Rickets and Osteomalacia
Age-Related Osteoporosis
Secondary Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
Paget’S Disease of Bone
Miscellaneous Metabolic Bone Diseases
Conclusions
Bibliography
Index
- Edition: 1
- Published: January 2, 2014
- Language: English
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Megan B. Brickley
Megan B. Brickley is currently Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in the Bioarchaeology of Human Disease at the Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Canada. Her primary research interests are use of paleopathology in bioarchaeology, and interdisciplinary research on past human health and disease. She has served as past-Chair of the British Association of Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology and an Associate Editor of American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Currently she is an Associate Editor of the International Journal of Paleopathology and the President Elect of the Paleopathology Association. Her publications include two co-authored and six edited books and eighty journal papers and book chapters.
Affiliations and expertise
Professor and Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in the Bioarchaeology of Human Disease at the Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, CanadaRI
Rachel Ives
Dr Rachel Ives is the Curator of Anthropology in the department of Earth Sciences at the Natural History Museum, London. She is responsible for the curation of the palaeoanthropology, fossil primate, human remains, and artefact collections and promotes scientific research, exhibitions, and outreach access to the collections. Rachel’s research interests are in bone cell biology together with skeletal palaeopathology, particularly the metabolic bone diseases and disease co-occurrence. Rachel has carried out large-scale surveys of metabolic bone diseases in urban contexts and was a post-doctoral researcher on a Calleva Foundation funded Child Health project at the NHM, investigating how the skeleton changes during childhood growth and in response to pathology. Rachel previously worked in the commercial sector carrying out archaeological cemetery excavations and osteological analyses, and she continues work in osteoarchaeological consultancy for heritage development projects.
Affiliations and expertise
Curator of Anthropology, Natural History Museum, London, UKRead The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease on ScienceDirect