The Antibody Molecule

Preface1 General Structural Features of Immunoglobulin Molecules; Myeloma Proteins Myeloma and Bence Jones Proteins Nomenclature References2 Nature of the Active Site of an Antibody Molecule and the Mechanism of Antibody-Hapten Interactions I. Inhibition of Precipitation by Haptens and Chemical Modification as Probes for Antibody Specificity II. Specificity of Antibodies to Synthetic Polypeptides III. Stabilization of the Antibody Molecule by Interaction with Hapten IV. Induction of Optical Activity in Hapten Bound to Antibody V. The Question of Conformational Changes Induced in Antibodies upon Interaction with Antigen or Hapten VI. Rates and Energetic Aspects of Antigen-Antibody Reactions VII. Affinity Labeling of Antibody Molecules or Myeloma Proteins with Antibody Activity References3 Human Immunoglobulins I. General Structural Properties II. Kappa and Lambda Chains III. IgG and Its Subclasses IV. Structure and Properties of Human IgM V. Structure and Properties of Human IgA VI. IgE VII. IgD VIII. ß2-Microglobulin (ß2m) IX. Rheumatoid Factors References4 Amino Acid Sequences in Human Immunoglobulins and in Mouse Light Chains I. Introduction II. Numbering System III. Amino Acid Sequences in Human L Chains IV. Amino Acid Sequences in L Chains of the Mouse V. Common Evolutionary Origin of K and A Chains of Human and Mouse Origin VI. Amino Acid Sequences in Rabbit K Chains VII. Amino Acid Sequences in Human and Rabbit H Chains VIII. Amino Acid Sequence of ß2-Microglobulin IX. Amyloidosis X. Carbohydrate in Immunoglobulins References5 The Three-Dimensional Structure of Immunoglobulins I. X-Ray Crystallography II. Physicochemical Investigations Relating to Three-Dimensional Structure References6 Properties and Interactions of the Light and Heavy Chains of Immunoglobulins I. Introduction II. Separation of Light and Heavy Chains III. Solubility and Conformational Properties of the Isolated Chains IV. Antibody Activity in Isolated Chains and in Recombinants of Heavy and Light Chains V. Interaction of VL or CL Segments of Light Chains with Intact Heavy Chains VI. Stability of Fragments Consisting Only of V Domains VII. Effect of Hapten on the Strength of Interaction of H and L Chains VIII. Contribution to Antibody Activity of Isolated H and L Chains IX. Half-Molecules of IgG References7 Evolution of the Immunoglobulins I. Introduction II. Universality of IgM-Like Molecules in Vertebrates III. Immunoglobulins of Fish IV. Immunoglobulins of Amphibia V. Immunoglobulins of Reptiles VI. Immunoglobulins of Birds; Appearance of IgA VII. Carbohydrate Content of Immunoglobulins from Various Species on the Phylogenetic Scale VIII. Phylogeny of IgA, IgE, IgG Subclasses, Light Chain Types, and the VHm Subgroup IX. Selective Advantages in the Evolution of Immunoglobulin Classes References8 Immunoglobulins of the Rabbit, Mouse, Guinea Pig, and Horse I. Introduction II. General Considerations III. Antigeiiic Relationships IV. Homocy to tropic Antibodies: IgE V. Rabbit Immunoglobulins VI. Guinea Pig Immunoglobulins VII. Mouse Immunoglobulins VIII. Horse Immunoglobulins IX. Passive Cutaneous Anaphylactic Reactions in Guinea Pigs Mediated by Heterologous Immunoglobulins References9 Allotypes of Rabbit, Human, and Mouse Immunoglobulins I. Introduction II. Rabbit Allotypes III. Human Allotypes IV. Mouse Allotypes V. Suppression of Allotypic Specificities References10 Homogeneous Antibodies and Myeloma Proteins with Antibody Activity I. Introduction II. Homogeneous Antistreptococcal Antibodies III. Homogeneous Antibodies to Pneumococcal Polysaccharides IV. Homogeneous Antihapten Antibodies V. Relationship of Structure of Antigen to the Degree of Heterogeneity of Antibody VI. Restricted Heterogeneity of Human Antibodies to Polysaccharide Antigens VII. Influence of Genetic Factors on the Magnitude of the Response of Rabbits to Streptococcal Antigens VIII. Influence of Genetic Factors on the Heterogeneity of Rabbit Antibodies Produced against Streptococcal Antigens IX. Amino Acid Sequences of Homogeneous Rabbit Antibodies X. Cold Agglutinins from Patients with Chronic Cold Hemagglutinin Syndrome (CHS) XI. Rheumatoid Factors and Cryoglobulins XII. Human Monoclonal Proteins with Antibody Activity toward Antigens Other than IgG XIII. Mouse Myeloma Proteins with Antibody Activity XIV. Summary of Evidence Relating Myeloma Proteins with Specific Binding Activity to Induced Antibodies XV. Unusual Immunological Cross-Reactions XVI. Antibody Activity in Crystallized Fab' Fragments XVII. Induction of Homogeneous Antibody after Adoptive Transfer of Limited Numbers of Cells References11 Idiotypic Specificities of Immunoglobulins I. Introduction II. Idiotypic Specificities in Human Monoclonal Proteins III. Idiotypic Specificities in Rabbit and Human Antibody Populations IV. Idiotypic Cross-Reactions among Rabbit Antibodies V. Idiotypic Cross-Reactions among Antibodies and Myeloma Proteins of Inbred Mice VI. Evidence Based on Idiotypic Specificity for Limited Heterogeneity of Normal Antibody Populations VII. Persistence and Changes of Antibody Populations during Prolonged Immunization VIII. Shared Idiotypic Determinants in Rabbit Antibodies or Human Myeloma Proteins Belonging to Different Classes IX. Localization of Idiotypic Determinants X. Cross-Reactions of Antudiotypic Antibodies with Nonspecific Immunoglobulins XI. Suppression of Idiotypic Specificities XII. Production of Antudiotypic Antibodies within the Same Strain of Mouse; Antitumor Activity of Antimyeloma Protein Antibodies XIII. Production of Antudiotypic Antibodies by an Animal against Its Own Antibodies References12 Theories of the Genetic Control of Diversity of Antibodies I. Introduction II. RNA-DNA Hybridization III. Basic Premises Relevant to Theories of Antibody Diversity IV. Theories of Antibody Diversity V. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Various Theories VI. Repeated Occurrence of Monoclonal Proteins with Identical V Regions ReferencesIndex