The 50th Anniversary Issue of Fish Physiology

Physiological Applications

1st Edition, Volume 40B - October 24, 2024
Imprint: Academic Press
Editors: Colin Brauner, David J. Randall, Anthony Farrell, Erika Eliason
Language: English
Hardback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 7 3 1 - 0
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 3 7 3 2 - 7

Fish Physiology, Volume 40B recently celebrated its 50th Anniversary. The editors of the series have produced a total of 47 books (several volumes have two books) that contai… Read more

The 50th Anniversary Issue of Fish Physiology

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Fish Physiology, Volume 40B recently celebrated its 50th Anniversary. The editors of the series have produced a total of 47 books (several volumes have two books) that contain almost 500 chapters since the inaugural volume published in 1969. Initial volumes were devoted to understanding the basic mechanisms and principles of fish physiology, with a focus on a few model species and some application to natural environmental conditions. Then, as the field better understood mechanisms, the approach was broadened to not only delve deeper into system physiology (e.g., chapters in early volumes were expanded to become books), but also interspecific differences in physiology.

Finally, as interspecific physiological mechanisms were further resolved, it became possible to discuss physiology in light of a changing world. Thus, physiology can now inform on conservation, sustainability and management, as exemplified with the most recent volumes. This anniversary issue celebrates the series by highlighting some of the very important early work in the field that was published in the series.

The 50th Anniversary Issue of Fish Physiology: Physiological Applications
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1 How salmon prepare for life in the ocean: An introduction to William Hoar's “The physiology of smolting salmonids”
Abstract
Keywords
References
Chapter 2 The physiology of smolting salmonids
I Introduction
II The Physiology of the Salmon Smolt
A Body Form and Coloration
B Growth and Size Relations
C Metabolic and Biochemical Changes
D Osmotic and Ionic Regulation
E Hormones and Smolting
III Sexual Maturation: An Alternate Strategy in Developing Male Parr
IV Environmental Modulation of the Smolt Transformation
A The Circannual Rhythm of Smolting
B Modulation of the Rhythm by Photoperiod
C Temperature Effects
D Other Modulating Environmental Factors
V Some Practical Problems in Smolt Production
A Minimizing the Juvenile Freshwater Phase
B Successful Transfer to the Marine Habitat
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3 Have we figured out how hormones control gill Na+,K+-ATPase and chloride cell function?
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4 Hormonal control of gill Na+,K+-atPase and chloride cell function
I Introduction
II Na+, K+-ATPase and Chloride Cell Function
A Seawater
B Fresh Water
III Properties of Na+,K+-ATPase
IV Methods
A Quantitation and Localization of Na+,K+-ATPase
B Morphology and Function of Chloride Cells
C Organ and Cell Culture
V Environmental and Developmental Regulation
VI Hormonal Regulation
A Cortisol
B Growth Hormone
C Insulin-like Growth Factor I
D Prolactin
E Thyroid Hormones
F Sex Steroids
G Rapid Activation
VII Summary and Prospectus
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 Studying the locomotory habits in fish reveals six tenets of effective science
Abstract
Keywords
1 Tenet #1: Respect the power of observation and reflection
2 Tenet #2: Apply the 80/20 rule
3 Tenet #3: Be aware of the lens that technology and experience impose on you
4 Tenet #4: Keep an eye on the invisible
5 Tenet #5: Embrace the positive and publish the negative
6 Tenet #6: Keep your science accessible
7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Form, Function, and Locomotory Habits in Fish
I Introduction
II Early History of Studies on Fish Locomotion
III Modes of Swimming
A Nomenclature of Modes
B Propulsion by Body and/or Caudal Fin
C Propulsion by Undulation of Median or Pectoral Fins
D Propulsion by Oscillation of Median or Pectoral Fins
IV Nonswimming Locomotion
A Jet Propulsion
B Terrestrial Locomotion
C Moving on the Bottom and Burrowing
D Jumping, Gliding, and Flying
V Propulsive Anatomy
A Trunk
B Fins
VI Locomotory Habits of Wild Fish
A Records of Long Distance Movements
B Short-Term Components of Long-Term Movements
C Activity Cycles in Wild Fish
D Schooling
E Some Pitfalls in Locomotory Studies
References
Chapter 7 Fish locomotor muscle: Beginnings of mechanistic research on how muscle powers swimming
Abstract
Keywords
1 Introduction
2 Fish muscle research up to 1978
3 Significance of this chapter
4 The impact of new experimental methods post-1978
5 A personal note
6 Looking ahead
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8 Locomotor muscle
I Introduction
II The Organization of the Myotomes
III Fin Muscles
IV Fiber Types
A General Considerations
B Histology
C Ultrastructure and Histochemistry in Different Fish Groups
D Ontogeny of Fiber Types
E Innervation
F Electrical and Mechanical Properties
G Functional Role of Different Fiber Types
V Proprioception
VI Fish Muscle and the Muscles of Higher Forms
References
Chapter 9 Fish swimming capacity: Keeping it current!
Abstract
Keywords
1 A seminal review!
2 The shaping of many research programs!
3 Fish performance and swimming capacity: A bright future!
4 Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10 Swimming capacity
I Introduction
II Field Measurements of Performance
A Methodology
B Swimming capacity
III Laboratory Measurements of Performance
A Swimming Chamber Design
B Experimental Procedure
C Biological Constraints on Performance
D Environmental Constraints on Performance
IV Energetics of Swimming
V Application to Management Practices
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11 45 years of “The respiratory and circulatory systems during exercise” in Fish Physiology, as per David R. Jones and David J. Randall
Abstract
Keywords
1 What is exercise in fish?
2 How is exercise performance measured and assessed in fish?
3 Other metrics derived from exercise studies
4 Use of water tunnels to exercise fish over the years
5 Exercise and the respiratory system
6 Swimming muscles
7 Cardiovascular dynamics in fish during exercise
8 Exercise and the circulatory system
9 Integrating advanced technologies in fish physiology research
10 Concluding thoughts
References
Chapter 12 The respiratory and circulatory systems during exercise
I General Introduction
II Assessment of Exercise Performance
A Introduction
B The Relation between Oxygen Metabolism and Swimming Speed, U
C Anaerobic Contribution to Exercise Metabolism
D Limitations on Maximum Performance; Fatigue
III The Respiratory System during Exercise
A Introduction
B Respiratory Adjustments to Exercise
IV The Circulatory System during Exercise
A Introduction
B Cardiac Adjustments to Exercise
C Arterial Blood Pressure and Total Peripheral Resistance during Exercise
D Venous Pressure and Venous Return during Exercise
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13 Understanding the effects of environmental factors on fish performance and tolerance in an era of climate change
Abstract
Keywords
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14 The effect of environmental factors on the physiology of fish
I Introduction
A Metabolism and Activity
B Measurement of the Metabolic Rate
C The Relation of Metabolism to Size and Physical Activity
D Apparatus for the Determination of Metabolic Rate
E Acclimation
F A Classification of the Environment
II Lethal Factors
A Determination of Lethal Effects
B Toxicity Studies
III Controlling Factors
A Formulas Relating Temperature to Metabolism and Activity
B Active and Standard Metabolism in Relation to Temperature
C Acclimation to Controlling Factors
IV Limiting Factors
A Acclimation to Low Oxygen
B Oxygen Concentration and Metabolic Rate
C Combinations of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
D Interaction of Limiting and Controlling Factors
V Masking Factors
A Cost of Ion-Osmoregulation
B Thermoregulation in Fish
VI Directive Factors
A Reactions to Dissolved Substances
B Temperature Selection
VII Recapitulation
References
Chapter 15 From foundations to frontiers: Setting the stage for advances in fish physiological energetics
Abstract
Keywords
References
Chapter 16 Physiological energetics
I Introduction
II Energy: Relations and Measurements
A Thermodynamics and Biological Energy Flow
B Calorimetry: Metabolic Heat Production
C Energy Sources
D Available Energy
E Energy Density of Feed
F Storage of Body Substance
G Summary of Equivalents
III Metabolism: Rates of Energy Expenditure
A Standard Metabolism
B Active Metabolism
C Feeding Metabolism
D Heat Increment
E Other Metabolic Costs
F Summary
IV Excretion: Rates of Energy Loss
A Composition and Energy Loss in Feces
B Metabolizable Energy and Nitrogen Excretion Rates
C Summary
V Growth: Rates of Energy Gain and Food Conversion
A Ration and Fish Size Relations
B Gross and Net Conversion Efficiencies
C Nitrogen Retention
D Environmental Factors
E Summary Configurations
VI Energy Budgets
A Balanced Equations
B Carnivores
C Herbivores
VII Concluding Commentary
VIII Glossary
References
Chapter 17 Establishing the principles by which the environment affects growth in fishes
Abstract
Keywords
1 Environmental factors and scope for growth
2 Abiotic factors
3 Biotic factors
4 Interactions among factors
5 Main strengths and influence
6 Time for a reappraisal
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 18 Environmental factors and growth
I Introduction
II Basic Growth Relations
A The Growth Curve
B Natural Environmental Relations
C The Growth–Ration (GR) Curve
III Abiotic Factors
A Temperature
B Light
C Salinity
D Oxygen
E Summary Configurations
IV Biotic Factors
A Ration
B Size
C Competition
D Summary Configurations
V Interaction and Optimizing
A Controlling × Limiting Factors
B Controlling × Masking Factors
C Limiting × Limiting Factors
D Multifactor Effects
VI Governing Mechanisms
a Low Temperatures (1∘ – 5∘C)
b Intermediate Temperatures (13∘ – 17∘C)
c High Temperatures (20∘ – 24∘C)
VII Concluding Commentary
References
Chapter 19 “Growth rates and models”: A classic to read and to use!
Abstract
Keywords
References
Chapter 20 Growth rates and models
I Measuring Length and Weight of Fish
A Methods of Measuring Length
B Methods of Obtaining Fish Weights
C Conversions between Length or Weight Measurements
D Estimation of Weight from Length, and Length from Weight
E Numerical Representation of Growth
II Estimation of Growth Rates in Nature
A Age from Frequency Distributions (Petersen's Method)
B Age from Marks on Scales or Bones
C Effects of Bias in Sampling
D Effects of Within-Age Size-Selective Mortality
III Characteristics of Fish Growth
A Growth Stanzas
B The Seasonal Growth Cycle
C Shape and Variability of Frequency Distributions of Length and Weight
D Isometric and Allometric Growth
E Effects of Size-Related Mortality on Estimates of Growth Rate
IV Growth Models Related to Age
A Growth during Early Life
B Growth Modeled by Successive Exponential Segments
C General Characteristics of Curves Applied to the Final Stanza of Life
D Logistic Growth Curve
E Gompertz Growth Curve
F Pütter Growth Curve No. 1
G Pütter Growth Curve No. 2
H Johnson's Growth Curve
I The Richards Function
J Asymptotic Growth: Is It Real?
K Fitting Growth Curves
L Curves Fitted to the Seasonal Cycle of Growth
V Growth in Relation to Temperature
A Maximum Size and Age
B Hyperbolic Relationships
C Janisch's Catenary Curve
D Parabolas
E Elliott's Growth Curves
F Zweifel and Lasker's Temperature Functions
G Brett's Tabular Presentation
VI Growth in Relation to Rations
A Empirical Representations
B Stauffer's Sine Curve
C Elliott's Combined Formula
D Paloheimo and Dickie's Analysis
E Kerr's Analysis
F Ursin's Analysis
VII Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Other volumes in the Fish Physiology series
Index

Colin Brauner

Dr. Colin Brauner was educated in Canada at the University of British Columbia (Ph D), followed by a Post-doctoral fellowship at Aarhus University and the University of Southern Denmark, and was a Research Associate at McMaster University. He is a Professor of Zoology, UBC and Director of the UBC Aquatics Facility. He has been a Co-Editor of the Fish Physiology series since 2006. His research investigates environmental adaptations (both mechanistic and evolutionary) in relation to gas-exchange, acid-base balance and ion regulation in fish, integrating responses from the molecular, cellular and organismal level. The ultimate goal is to understand how evolutionary pressures have shaped physiological systems among vertebrates and to determine the degree to which physiological systems can adapt/acclimate to natural and anthropogenic environmental changes. This information is crucial for basic biology and understanding the diversity of biological systems, but much of his research conducted to date can also be applied to issues of aquaculture, toxicology and water quality criteria development, as well as fisheries management. His achievements have been recognized by the Society for Experimental Biology, UK (President’s medal) and the Canadian Conference for Fisheries Research (J.C. Stevenson Memorial Lecturer) and the Vancouver Marine Sciences Centre (Murray A. Newman Award for Aquatic Research). He is a former President of the Canadian Society of Zoologists.

Affiliations and expertise

University of British Columbia, USA

David J. Randall

Dr. David Randall is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Zoology at the University of British Columbia and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. His research was focused on the transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia in aquatic systems, especially fish. He was the first to measure these gases and pH in the blood of living aquatic animals and his work has contributed much to our general understanding of the regulation of these gases and pH across the gills of fish. He collaborated with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in studies of ammonia toxicity leading to environmental regulation and helped write the World health Organization report on Ammonia. He was the co-founder of the series “Fish Physiology” with William H. Hoar, and together they Co-Edited the first 12 volumes in the series. He was a Co-Author of the text book “Eckert Animal Physiology: Mechanism and Adaptations” which has been translated into six different languages and was the bestselling book in its category world-wide. He has been awarded the Fry Medal of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, the Award of Excellence from the American Fisheries Society, Murray Newman Award for excellence in Fisheries Research and was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.

Affiliations and expertise

University of British Columbia

Anthony Farrell

Dr. Tony Farrell is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Zoology & Faculty of Land and Food Systems at the University of British Columbia and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. His research had provided an understanding of fish cardiorespiratory systems and has applied this knowledge to salmon migratory passage, fish stress handling and their recovery, sustainable aquaculture and aquatic toxicology. He has over 490 research publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and an h-factor of 92. He has co-edited of 30 volumes of the Fish Physiology series, as well as an award-winning Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology. As part of his application of physiology to aquaculture, he has studied the sub-lethal impacts of sea lice and piscine orthoreovirus on the physiology of juvenile salmon. Dr. Farrell has received multiple awards, including the Fry Medal, which is the highest honour to a scientist from the Canadian Society of Zoologists, the Beverton Medal, which is the highest honour to a scientist from the Fisheries Society of the British Isles, the Award of Excellence, which is the highest honour of the American Fisheries Society and the Murray A. Newman Awards both for Research and for Conservation from the Vancouver Marine Sciences Centre. He is a former President of the Society of Experimental Biologists and a former Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Fish Biology. He served as a member of the Minister’s Aquaculture Advisory Committee on Finfish Aquaculture for British Columbia and was a member of the Federal Independent Expert Panel on Aquaculture Science.

Affiliations and expertise

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Erika Eliason

Dr. Erika Eliason is an Associate Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She received her BSc from Simon Fraser University, MSc and PhD from the University of British Columbia, and held an NSERC postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Sydney and Carleton University. As an ecological physiologist, Dr. Eliason uses a combination of field and lab-based studies to investigate how fish cope with anthropogenic stressors (e.g. temperature, fisheries interactions). Much of her research focuses on how climate change affects physiological performance across populations, age, body size, and sex in marine and freshwater fishes. Tackling both basic and applied questions, Dr. Eliason’s research is informing conservation policy and enhancing the management of natural resources. Dr. Eliason has served on the editorial board for ICES Journal of Marine Science, Journal of Fish Biology and Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Dr. Eliason has been a Co-Editor of the Fish Physiology series since 2020. She was awarded the Cameron Award for the Best PhD Thesis in Zoology in Canada from the Canadian Society of Zoologists, the Boutilier New Investigator Award from the Canadian Society of Zoologists, President’s Medal from the Society for Experimental Biology, and was a Hellman Fellow at UC Santa Barbara.

Affiliations and expertise

University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

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The 50th Anniversary Issue of Fish Physiology

Physiological Applications

Purchase options

BLOOM INTO SPRING SAVINGS

Institutional subscription on ScienceDirect

Colin Brauner

David J. Randall

Anthony Farrell

Erika Eliason

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