Textbook of Medical Virology

1 Viruses - A Unique Kind of Infectious Agent


2 The Morphology of Virus Particles. Classification of Viruses

Infectious Nucleic Acid

Principal Aspects of Virus Particle Structure

Live or Dead Materia?

Structural Proteins - Symmetry Arrangements

The Virus Envelope

Classification of Viruses

Introduction to Different Families of Animal Viruses


3 The Biochemistry of Virus Particles

Virus-DNA

Virus-RNA

Virus Proteins

Additional Components in Virions


4 Viral Gene Products; Their Immunological Properties and Biological Activities

Viral Antigens

Haemagglutination

Cell Fusion and Haemolysis

Enzymatic Activities of Viral Gene Products


5 Cultivation of Viruses

Identification and Propagation of Viruses in Tissue and Cell Cultures

Identification and Propagation of Viruses in Embryonated Hen's Eggs

Identification and Cultivation of Viruses in Experimental Animals


6 General Views on Virus Replication

Morphological Methods for Analysis of Virus Replication

Molecular Methods for Characterization of Virus Replication

Quantitative Determination of Virus Infectivity

Quantitative Determination of Other Biological Properties of Viral Products

The Different Phases of Virus Replication


7 Attachment of Viruses to Cell Receptors and Penetration of Viruses Into Cells

Virus and Receptors

Penetration


8 Replication, Transcription and Translation of RNA Viruses

Classes of RNA Viruses

Reoviruses

Picornaviruses

Togaviruses

Rhabdoviruses and Paramyxoviruses

Orthomyxoviruses

Retroviruses


9 Replication, Transcription and Translation of DNA Viruses

Parvoviruses

Papovaviruses

Adenoviruses

Herpesviruses

Poxviruses


10 The Morphogenesis of Virions

The Maturation and Release of Non-Enveloped Viruses

The Morphogenesis of Enveloped Viruses


11 Virus-Induced Changes of Cell Structures and Functions

Cytopathic Changes

Inclusions in Virus-Infected Cells

The Effect of Integration of Viral Antigens in Cellular Membranes

Effects of Viruses on Functions of Highly Specialized Cells

Chromosomal Changes

Virus-Induced Cell Transformation

Interferon


12 Virus Genetics

Mutations

Recombination

Phenotypic Mixing and Complementation


13 General Aspects of Pathogenesis of Virus Infections

Modes of Transmission of Virus Diseases

The Importance of Cellular and Viral Receptor Functions

The Spread of Virus Infections within The Body

The Importance of Barrier Systems in Limiting the Spread of the Infection

Influence of Immune Reactions On The Pathogenesis

Influence of Constitution, Age, Sex and Genetic Background


14 Pathogenesis of Acute Virus Infections

Respiratory Infections

Infections of Visceral Organs

Infections of the Skin and Mucous Membranes

Infections of the Nervous System


15 The Pathogenesis of Congenital Infections

Different Ways by Which a Virus May Cause Fetal Damage

Spread of Virus in Congenital Infections

Direct Effects of Fetal Infections

Indirect Fetal-Damaging Effects in Connection with Infections of Pregnant Women


16 The Pathogenesis of Persistent Infections

Chronic Subclinical Infections with Immune Pathological Reactions

Latent Infections

Slow Virus Infections Caused by Conventional Viruses


17 Slow Infections Caused by Non-Immunogenic Infectious Agents

Different Forms of Infectious Encephalopathy

Biological and Physical-Chemical Properties of Atypical Infectious Agents

How do Atypical Infectious Agents Spread?


18 Viruses and Tumors

Tumor Viruses in Animals

Human Tumor Viruses

Human Tumor Virus Candidates


19 Mechanisms of Defense Against Virus Infections

Non-Specific Immunity

Humoral Immunity

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Immunopathological Effects of Virus Infections

Virus Infections in Connection with Malignant Diseases and Immune Suppression

Immunological Defense Against Congenital Virus Infections


20 Laboratory Techniques for Diagnosis of Virus Infections

Isolation of Viruses

Direct Identification of Virus or Viral Antigens in Samples from Patients

Analysis of Antibody Response In Patients

Evaluation of Laboratory Results


21 The Epidemiology of Virus Diseases

Methods of Surveillance of the Epidemiological Occurrence of Infectious Diseases

The Dissemination Mechanisms of Virus Infections

Epidemiological Patterns of Virus Infections

Examples of the Epidemiology of Some Virus Diseases


22 Inactivation of Viral Infectivity and Disinfection


23 Immune Prophylaxis

Passive Immunization

Active Immunization


24 Antiviral Drugs

Mechanisms of Action of Antiviral Drugs

Antiviral Drugs Used for Clinical Chemotherapy

Antiviral Drugs with a Potential Clinical Usefulness

Interferon


25 Picornaviruses

Properties of Picornaviruses

Enteroviruses

Rhinoviruses


26 Togaviruses

Alphaviruses

Flaviviruses

Rubellavirus (Rubivirus)


27 Orthomyxoviruses (Influenza Viruses)

Properties of the Virus

Clinical Features

Pathogenesis

Epidemiology

Laboratory Diagnosis

Prophylaxis


28 Paramyxoviruses

Parainfluenza Virus

Mumps Virus

Measles Virus

Respiratory Syncytial (RS) Virus


29 Adenoviruses

Properties of the Virus

Clinical Features

Epidemiology

Prophylaxis


30 Hepatitis Viruses

Properties of the Virus

Clinical Features

Pathogenesis

Immunity

Laboratory Diagnosis

Epidemiology

Prophylaxis


31 Herpesviruses

Properties of the Virus

Latency and Transformation

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Infections

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infections

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infections


32 Poxviruses

Classification

Properties of the Virus

Variola (Smallpox)

Smallpox Vaccine (Vaccinia Virus)

The WHO Smallpox Eradication Program

Clinical Features of Variola

Laboratory Diagnosis

Other Medically Important Poxviruses


33 Other Viruses

Reoviruses

Retroviruses

Bunyaviruses

Arenaviruses

Coronaviruses

Rhabdoviruses (Rabies Virus)

Marburg/Ebola Virus

Parvoviruses

Papovaviruses


34 Viral Syndromes

Respiratory Tract Infections

Infections of the Pharynx

Infections with Exanthemas

Hepatitis

Gastrointestinal Infections

Urogenital Infections

Infections of the Nervous System

Infections of the Sensory Organs

Neonatal Infections

Appendix. Chlamydia

Microbiology of Chlamydiae

Chlamydia Psittaci Infections

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections

Laboratory Diagnosis

Susceptibility of Chlamydiae to Antibiotics

Index