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Textbook of Medical Biochemistry
- 5th Edition - November 13, 2022
- Author: Dinesh Puri
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 6 4 8 9 - 8
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 8 1 - 3 1 2 - 6 4 9 0 - 4
The fifth edition of this book is thoroughly revised and updated as per guidelines of NMC in accordance with the competency-based curriculum of Biochemistry. It focuses primarily… Read more
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Request a sales quoteThe fifth edition of this book is thoroughly revised and updated as per guidelines of NMC in accordance with the competency-based curriculum of Biochemistry. It focuses primarily on clarity of the fundamental concepts with a logical sequence of events that aids learning. The organization of content in this profusely illustrated book provides the essential knowledge of biochemistry without extraneous details.
Authentic resource material for undergraduate medical students, NEXT, USMLE, PLAB, etc.
• Extensively revised and updated all chapters, in line with recommendations of CBME and subject requirement.
• Important points have been threaded throughout the text in yellow boxes, reemphasizing the core concepts.
• Selected advanced learning concepts are highlighted in blue boxes or enclosed in numbered boxes for postgraduate students and inquisitive undergraduates.
• Nearly all figures have been modified or redrawn to make reading soothing for better retention.
• Inclusion of new questions at the end of book for self-assessment of the topics studied.
• Clinical cases along with case discussions – important pillar of the CBME are presented for problem-based learning and knowledge.
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Foreword to the Fourth Edition
- Preface to the Fifth Edition
- Preface to the First Edition
- Acknowledgements
- Competency map: Biochemistry
- List of Tables
- List of Illustrations
- Section 1. Biomolecules
- Introduction
- 1. Water, buffers and acid–base chemistry
- Water as principal biological fluid
- Acids, bases, pH and pK
- Buffers
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 2. Chemistry of carbohydrates
- Classification
- Biological significance of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Sugar derivatives
- Glycosides
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 3. Chemistry of lipids
- Biological functions of lipids
- Fatty acids BI 4.1
- Classification of lipids BI 4.1
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 4. Amino acids, peptides and proteins
- Characteristics and roles of amino acids
- Acid–base properties of amino acids
- Special functions of some amino acids
- Reactions of biological significance involving amino acids
- The peptide bond
- Peptides
- Classification of proteins
- Levels of protein structure
- Physical properties of proteins
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 5. Plasma proteins and immunoglobulins
- Electrophoresis BI 11.16
- Albumin BI 5.2
- Globulins BI 5.2
- Fibrinogen
- Immunoglobulins BI 10.3
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 6. Enzymes
- Properties of enzymes BI 2.1
- Mechanism of enzyme catalysis
- Enzyme classification and nomenclature BI 2.1
- Enzyme–substrate binding
- Enzyme kinetics BI 2.3
- Factors affecting enzyme activity
- The michaelis–menten model
- Enzyme inhibition
- Regulation of enzyme activity
- Isoenzymes
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 7. Enzymes in clinical diagnosis
- Clinical applications of diagnostic enzymes BI 2.5, BI 2.7
- Enzymes as therapeutic agents BI 2.4
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 8. Characteristics of cells and membrane transport
- Cell structure BI 1.1
- Biological membranes BI 1.1
- Transport across cell membrane: Small molecules BI 1.1
- Transport of macromolecules across cell membrane BI 1.1
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 9. Extracellular matrix
- Collagen BI 9.1, BI 9.2
- Elastin BI 9.1, BI 9.2
- Glycoproteins BI 9.1
- Keratins BI 9.1
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- Section 2. Metabolism
- Introduction
- 10. Overview of metabolism and cell bioenergetics
- Overview of metabolism
- Bioenergetics: Principles BI 6.6
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 11. Metabolism of carbohydrates I: Mainline metabolic pathways
- Transport of glucose into cells BI 3.4
- Glycolysis BI 3.4, BI 3.5
- Rapaport-leubering cycle
- Feeder pathways for other monosaccharides BI 3.5
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: A bridge between glycolysis and TCA cycle BI 3.5
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle BI 3.6
- Gluconeogenesis BI 3.4, BI 3.5
- Cori cycle or lactic acid cycle
- Pasteur effect
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 12. Metabolism of carbohydrates II: Glycogen metabolism and regulation
- Glycogenolysis BI 3.4, BI 3.5
- Glycogenesis BI 3.4, BI 3.5
- Regulation of glycogen metabolism BI 3.5
- Glycogen storage diseases BI 3.5
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 13. Metabolism of carbohydrates III: Secondary pathways and regulation of blood glucose levels
- Pentose phosphate pathway BI 3.4
- Uronic acid pathway BI 3.4
- Metabolism of other sugars
- Regulation of blood glucose BI 3.9
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 14. Metabolism of lipids I: Metabolism of fatty acids and compound lipids
- Fatty acid oxidation BI 4.2
- Fatty acid synthesis BI 4.2
- Regulatory circuits of fatty acid metabolism
- Chain elongation and desaturase systems
- Triacylglycerol metabolism BI 4.2
- Adipose tissue metabolism BI 4.2, BI 6.1
- Ketone bodies BI 4.2, BI 6.7
- Metabolism of complex lipids BI 4.2
- Sphingolipidoses BI 4.2
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 15. Metabolism of lipids II: Lipoproteins, cholesterol and prostaglandins
- Lipoproteins BI 4.3, BI 4.4
- Metabolism of different lipoprotein classes BI 4.3, BI 4.4
- Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism BI 4.3, BI 4.4, BI 11.17
- Atherosclerosis BI 4.4
- Fatty liver syndrome BI 6.15
- Cholesterol metabolism
- Metabolism of bile acids and bile salts
- Prostaglandins BI 4.6
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 16. Amino acid and protein metabolism I: Nitrogen metabolism and urea cycle
- Nitrogen metabolism
- Amino acid degradation
- Fate of α-amino group
- Glucose–alanine cycle
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 17. Amino acid and protein metabolism II: Catabolism of carbon skeletons and inherited disorders
- Glycogenic and ketogenic amino acids
- Amino acids that form pyruvate (Fig. 17.2)
- Amino acids that form TCA cycle intermediates (Fig. 17.1)
- Amino acids that form acetyl-CoA or acetoacetyl-CoA (fig. 17.11)
- Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism BI 5.4
- Disorders of aromatic amino acid metabolism BI 5.4
- Inborn errors of branched-chain amino acids BI 5.4
- Inborn errors of histidine metabolism BI 5.4
- Inborn errors of sulphur-containing amino acids BI 5.4
- Other inborn errors BI 5.4
- One-carbon metabolism
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 18. Amino acid and protein metabolism III: Biosynthesis and derivatives
- Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids
- Biosynthesis of semiessential and essential amino acids
- Amino acids as precursors of specialized products
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 19. Biological oxidation and electron transport chain
- Sources of electrons for ETC BI 6.6
- Electron transport: An overview BI 6.6
- Localization of ETC BI 6.6
- Redox potential BI 6.6
- Sequence of electron flow BI 6.6
- Inhibitors of ETC BI 6.6
- Oxidative phosphorylation BI 6.6
- Mitochondrial membrane transporters
- Mitochondrial diseases BI 7.3
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 20. Integration of metabolism
- Hormones as metabolic regulators BI 3.5
- Metabolic interconnections and organ specialization BI 6.1
- Feeding and fasting BI 6.1
- Metabolic alterations in diabetes resemble starvation BI 11.17
- Diabetes mellitus BI 3.5, BI 11.17
- Management of diabetes mellitus BI 8.3
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- Section 3. Physiological Chemistry
- Introduction
- 21. Haem metabolism
- Structure BI 6.11
- Nomenclature BI 6.11
- Biosynthesis of haem BI 6.11
- Porphyrias BI 6.11
- Catabolism of haem
- Jaundice BI 6.15, BI 11.17
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 22. Oxygen transporters: Haemoglobin and myoglobin
- Haemoglobin structure BI 5.2, BI 6.12
- Allostery
- Transport of oxygen in blood
- Transport of carbon dioxide in blood
- Myoglobin: Oxygen-binding characteristics
- Haemoglobin variants BI 6.12
- Haemoglobin derivatives BI 6.12
- Haemoglobinopathies BI 11.16, BI 5.2
- Sickle cell disease (sickle cell haemoglobin, HbS) BI 5.2, BI 7.3
- Thalassaemias BI 5.2, BI 7.3
- Anaemias
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- Section 4. Nutrition
- Introduction
- 23. Gastrointestinal pathobiochemistry
- Overview
- Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates BI 3.2, BI 3.3
- Digestion and absorption of proteins BI 5.3
- Digestion and absorption of lipids BI 4.2
- Digestion and absorption of nucleic acids
- Functions of liver BI 6.13, BI 6.14, BI 11.17
- Tests for liver functions BI 6.14, BI 11.17
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 24. Energy metabolism and nutrition
- Calorific values BI 8.1
- Respiratory quotient BI 8.1
- Components of energy requirement BI 8.1
- Recommendations for dietary nutrients BI 8.1, BI 8.3
- Nutritional implications of diseases BI 8.2
- Balanced diet BI 8.1, BI 8.5
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 25. Vitamins
- Classification and nomenclature BI 6.5
- Sources, daily requirements and deficiency of vitamins BI 6.5
- Water-soluble vitamins BI 6.5, BI 8.1
- Fat-soluble vitamins BI 6.5, BI 8.1
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 26. Minerals
- Major minerals BI 6.9
- Trace elements BI 6.9, BI 6.10, BI 8.1
- Lead: A heavy metal poison BI 6.9, BI 6.10
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- Section 5. Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Molecular Biology
- Introduction
- 27. Nucleic acid chemistry and nucleotide metabolism
- Composition of nucleotides
- Nucleotide metabolism BI 6.2
- Biosynthesis of purines BI 6.2
- Salvage pathways BI 6.2
- Inhibitors of purine synthesis BI 10.2
- Purine degradation
- Disorders of purine metabolism BI 6.2, BI 6.3
- Biosynthesis of pyrimidines BI 6.2, BI 6.3
- Degradation of pyrimidines BI 6.2
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 28. Molecular biology I: DNA structure, genetic role and replication
- Chemical structure of DNA BI 7.1
- The Watson–Crick proposal
- Alternate higher-order structures of DNA BI 7.1
- Some physical properties of DNA BI 7.1
- DNA as genetic material BI 7.1
- The human genome BI 7.1
- Some commonly used terms related to molecular genetics BI 7.1
- Replication BI 7.1, BI 7.2
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 29. Molecular biology II: Mutagenesis and DNA repair
- Mutations BI 7.2, BI 7.3
- Repair systems for mutated DNA BI 7.2
- Defective DNA repair and human diseases BI 7.2
- Genetic recombination
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 30. Molecular biology III: Transcription and translation
- Ribonucleic acid BI 7.1
- Transcription BI 7.2
- Genetic code BI 7.2
- Translation BI 7.2
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 31. Molecular biology IV: Regulation of prokaryotic gene expression and molecular genetics
- Constitutive and inducible proteins
- Control of gene expression in bacteria BI 7.3
- Protein–DNA interaction in transcriptional regulation BI 7.3
- Regulatory mechanism in viruses
- Genetic diseases BI 7.4
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 32. Molecular biology V: Eukaryotic chromosome and gene expression
- Replication has multiple sites of origin BI 7.2
- Cell cycle BI 7.1
- Architecture of human genome BI 7.3
- Exon duplication and exon shuffling
- Transcription BI 7.2
- Translation BI 7.2
- Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression BI 7.3
- RNA interference BI 7.3
- Advanced concepts
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 33. Recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering
- Techniques and enzymes used in manipulation of DNA BI 7.4
- DNA amplification and cloning BI 7.4
- DNA library BI 7.4
- Nucleotide probes BI 7.4
- Blotting techniques BI 7.4
- In situ hybridization
- Normal polymorphisms as genetic markers
- Applications of recombinant DNA technology BI 7.4
- Restriction fragment length polymorphism BI 7.4
- Polymerase chain reaction BI 7.4
- Human genome project: Current status and future goals BI 7.4
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Multiple choice questions
- Answer key to multiple choice questions
- Clinical case
- Section 6. Clinical Biochemistry
- Introduction
- 34. Acid–base chemistry and associated disorders
- Defences for maintaining acid–base balance BI 6.7
- The acid–base disorders (Table 34.1) BI 6.7, BI 11.17
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis BI 6.7
- Arterial blood gas analysis BI 6.8
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 35. Sodium, potassium and water homoeostasis
- Water distribution in the body BI 6.7
- Water balance BI 6.7
- Electrolyte distribution in the body BI 6.7
- Regulation of water and electrolyte balance BI 6.7
- Disturbances of water and electrolyte metabolism BI 6.7
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 36. Calcium and phosphate: Metabolism and regulation
- Calcium BI 6.9
- Phosphorus BI 6.9
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 37. Organ function tests
- The excretory system
- Thyroid BI 6.13, BI 6.14, BI 6.15
- Adrenals BI 6.13, BI 6.14, BI 6.15
- Chapter summary
- Clinical case
- 38. Cancer
- Tumours: Benign and malignant
- Growth characteristics of cancer cells BI 10.1
- Biochemical changes in cancer cells BI 10.1
- Cancer: A disease of genome BI 10.1
- Aetiology of cancer BI 10.1
- Molecular lesions in cancer BI 10.1
- Role of viruses in carcinogenesis BI 10.1
- Mitogenic signalling
- Some oncoproteins and associated cancers BI 10.1
- Antioncogene inactivation is more common than proto-oncogene activation
- Molecular mechanism of antiongene action
- Tumour markers BI 10.1, BI 10.2
- Cancer therapy BI 10.1, BI 10.2
- Apoptosis BI 10.1
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 39. Biochemical techniques
- Separation and purification of proteins BI 11.16
- Immunoassays
- Separation of nucleic acids
- Determination of amino acid sequence of peptides and proteins*
- Determination of higher-order structure of proteins
- Detection of protein movement
- Chemical synthesis of proteins
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Section 7. Biochemical Endocrinology
- Introduction
- 40. Biochemical endocrinology
- Signalling takes three forms
- Classification of hormones
- Other classification schemes
- Transport mechanism
- Mechanism of action
- Other second messengers
- Regulation of hormone–receptor interactions and associated diseases
- Feedback concept related to hormone action
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- 41. Action of hormones
- Hypothalamus–pituitary system
- Hypothalamic hormones
- Anterior pituitary hormones
- Hormones of posterior pituitary
- Hormones of thyroid gland BI 6.13
- Hormones of adrenal cortex BI 6.13, BI 6.14, BI 6.15
- Hormones of adrenal medulla BI 6.13
- Gastrointestinal hormones BI 3.2, BI 3.3, BI 4.2, BI 5.3
- Pancreatic hormones
- Hormones of gonads
- Menstrual cycle
- Menopause
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical cases
- Section 8. Contemporary Topics
- Introduction
- 42. Free radicals in health and diseases
- Incomplete reduction of oxygen BI 7.6
- Transition metals BI 7.6
- Causes of OFR generation BI 7.6
- Free radical scavenger systems BI 7.6
- Damage produced by free radicals BI 7.7
- Free radicals in aetiology of disease BI 7.7
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 43. Xenobiotics
- Overview BI 7.5
- Metabolism of xenobiotics BI 7.5
- Alcohol metabolism
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 44. Immunology
- Historical milestones BI 10.3
- Nonspecific and specific immune responses BI 10.4
- Antigens and immunogens BI 10.3, BI 10.5
- Role of lymphocytes BI 10.3, BI 10.4
- Organs of the immune system BI 10.3, BI 10.4
- Cells of the immune system BI 10.3, BI 10.4
- Molecules of immune response BI 10.3
- Immunoglobulins BI 10.3
- The complement system BI 10.3, BI 10.4
- The recognition of and response to nonself BI 10.4
- Cellular cooperation in the immune response
- Nonspecific effector cells are influenced by TH-cells and immunoglobulins
- Specific immune responses to some infections
- Vaccines BI 10.5
- Immunological techniques BI 11.16
- Immunological dysfunctions BI 10.3, BI 10.4
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case
- 45. Processing and targeting of proteins
- Folding into higher-order structure
- Protein targeting BI 9.3
- Destruction after finite lifespan
- Chapter summary
- 46. Applications of radiation and radioisotopes in medicine
- History
- Radioactivity
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- 47. Environmental pollutants and toxins
- Classification of types of pollution
- Types of pollutants
- Air pollution
- Water pollution
- Soil pollution
- Noise pollution
- Radiation pollution
- Toxic pollutants
- Chapter summary
- Exercises
- Clinical case discussions
- Reference range
- Glossary
- Index
- No. of pages: 800
- Language: English
- Edition: 5
- Published: November 13, 2022
- Imprint: Elsevier India
- Paperback ISBN: 9788131264898
- eBook ISBN: 9788131264904