Technological Advances and Innovations in the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disorders

1st Edition - October 21, 2024
Editors: Gabriele De Rubis, Ronan MacLoughlin, Hélder A. Santos, Saritha Shetty, Divya Suares, Kamal Dua
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 7 3 4 5 - 2
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 2 7 3 4 4 - 5

Technological Advances and Innovations in the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disorders focuses on 3D printing, bioprinting, microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip systems, and molecu… Read more

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Technological Advances and Innovations in the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disorders focuses on 3D printing, bioprinting, microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip systems, and molecular modeling. The book, written by a team of leading experts in the field, is an essential resource for anyone interested in the future of CRD treatment. Chapters discuss the emerging therapeutic approaches for CRDs, including biologicals and phytoceuticals. Core chapters of the book then cover the application of 3D printing, bioprinting, microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip systems, and molecular modeling to different CRDs. The book concludes with a discussion of the current clinical trials and future prospects for the management of CRDs.

This is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and other healthcare professionals who are interested in the latest technological advances in the field of CRDs. It will also be of interest to students and scientists working in the fields of pharmaceutical sciences, microfluidics, bioinformatics, drug design, drug delivery, and 3D printing.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction to chronic respiratory diseases
1 Introduction
1.1 COPD
1.1.1 Introduction to COPD
1.1.2 Disease prevalence and risk factors
1.1.3 Disease pathway and etiology
1.1.4 Influence on the quality of life
1.1.5 Treatment and management
1.1.6 Public health initiatives
1.1.7 Real-life impact
1.2 Asthma
1.2.1 Introduction to asthma
1.2.2 Pathogenesis of asthma
1.2.3 Triggers for asthma occurrence
1.2.4 Real-life case study on asthma
1.2.5 Prevalence of asthma in childhood
1.2.6 Worldwide comparison of time trends of asthma prevalence
1.2.7 Overall impact of asthma
1.3 Lung cancer
1.3.1 Introduction to lung cancer
1.3.2 Disease pathway and etiology
1.3.3 Prevalence of lung cancer
1.3.4 Treatment and management
1.3.5 Real-life impact
1.4 Pulmonary fibrosis
1.4.1 Introduction to pulmonary fibrosis
1.4.2 Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary fibrosis
1.4.3 Pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis
1.4.4 Impact on quality of life
1.4.5 Treatment of pulmonary fibrosis
1.4.6 Real life impact
1.5 Influenza
1.5.1 Introduction to influenza
1.5.2 Pathogenesis of influenza
1.5.3 The emergence of pandemic viruses in humans and their subsequent evolution
1.5.4 Virological and epidemiological markers
1.5.5 The influenza B global study
1.6 Others (cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH))
1.6.1 Cystic fibrosis
1.6.2 Bronchiectasis
1.6.3 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
2 Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 2. Current approaches for the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders and limitations
1 Introduction
2 Current treatment and their limitations in selected chronic respiratory disorders
2.1 Asthma
2.2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2.3 Lung cancer
2.4 Idiopathy pulmonary fibrosis
2.5 Cystic fibrosis
2.6 Bronchiectasis
2.7 Pulmonary arterial hypertension
3 Conclusion
Chapter 3. Emerging therapeutics in the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders
1 Introduction
2 Some common disease pathways
2.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
2.2 Lung cancer
2.3 Asthma
2.4 Bacterial and viral illnesses
3 Biologics in the management of chronic respiratory disorders
3.1 Introduction and rationale for the usage of biologics
3.2 Disease pathways and potential targets
3.2.1 Targeting type-2 immunity
3.2.2 Targeting type-1 immunity
3.2.3 Innate immunity targets in pulmonary bacterial and viral infections
3.2.4 Genetic mutations in lung cancer
3.3 Clinical and regulatory perspective of current biologics
3.4 Future of biologics-based therapy
4 Phytoceuticals in the management of chronic respiratory disorders
4.1 Introduction and rationale for the usage of phytoceuticals
4.2 Exploring different classes of phytoceuticals in the management of respiratory disorders
4.2.1 Probiotics and prebiotics
4.2.2 Flavonoids and polyphenols
4.2.3 Essential oils
4.2.4 Other important plant-derived compounds
4.3 Advancements of nanotherapeutic interventions
5 Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 4. Advanced drug delivery systems in the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders
1 Global overview and risk factors of chronic respiratory disorders (CRDs)
2 Forms of chronic respiratory disorders
2.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2.2 Asthma
2.3 Autoimmune lung diseases
2.4 Pulmonary hypertension
2.5 Cystic fibrosis
2.6 Lung cancer
2.7 Tuberculosis
2.8 Influenza
2.9 Covid-19
2.10 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
3 Diagnosis of CRDs
4 Economic burden of CRDs
5 Current therapeutic strategies of CRDs
5.1 Bronchodilators
5.2 Inhaled and oral corticosteroids
5.3 Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors
5.4 Mucolytics
5.5 Antibiotics
5.6 Oxygen therapy
6 Novel drug delivery strategies for treatment of CRDs
6.1 Cell-based therapy
6.2 Gene therapy
6.3 Nanovaccines
6.4 Liposomes
6.5 Micelles
6.6 Dendrimers
6.7 Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)
6.8 Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles
6.9 Extracellular vesicle-based therapy
7 Clinical translation and commercialization of novel drug delivery systems for CRDs
8 Drug delivery devices for CRDs
9 Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 5. Enhanced drug delivery systems for the management of respiratory disorders
1 Introduction
1.1 Mechanism of drug release from vesicular systems/nanocarriers
2 Microparticulate systems
3 Liposomes
4 Dendrimers
5 Nanoparticles
6 Gene therapy
7 Conclusion
Chapter 6. 3D printing, bioprinting, and drug delivery: the new frontier of respiratory care
1 Introduction
2 The microstructure of respiratory tissue
2.1 The role of respiratory microstructure in lung health and function
3 Microstructural dynamics in chronic respiratory disorders
4 Symbiotic relationship between 3D printing and bioprinting
5 Bioprinting a cutting-edge technology-fundamental principles
6 Bioprinting of respiratory tissue
7 Extrusion bioprinting technique
8 Inkjet bioprinting
9 Stereolithography bioprinting
10 Laser induced bioprinting
11 Bioink
12 Cells for bioprinting
13 Biomaterials and hydrogels
14 Scaffold
15 Decellularization
16 Nanotechnology in scaffolding
17 FRESH—a new approach for bioprinting
18 Advanced paradigms in pulmonary therapeutics: targeted delivery and diagnostic
18.1 Drug delivery systems for chronic respiratory disorders
18.2 Nanoparticle based drug delivery systems
18.3 Organic nanoparticles
18.4 Polymeric Nanoparticles
18.4.1 Liposomes
18.4.2 Micelles
18.4.3 Dendrimers
18.4.4 Hybrid nanoparticles
18.5 Inorganic nanoparticles
18.6 Sustained release formulations
18.7 Intravenous drug delivery system
18.8 Inhalable drug delivery systems
18.8.1 Nebulizers
19 Patient-specific disease models
20 Organoids and 3D culture
20.1 Patient derived xenograft
20.2 Lung on a chip
20.3 Patient specific computational models
21 Replicating lung disease environments
22 Drug testing and personalized medicine
23 Challenges in obtaining regulatory approval for innovative respiratory therapies
23.1 Device–drug combination complexity
23.2 Demonstrating therapeutic equivalence
23.3 Quality control and manufacturing challenges
23.4 Clinical trial design and endpoints
24 Conclusion
Chapter 7. Microfluidics in the diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of chronic respiratory disorders: Advancements and potential applications
1 Introduction
2 Microfluidics for diagnosis in chronic respiratory disorders
2.1 Microfluidic-based liquid biopsy-based early diagnostics of cancer
3 Microfluidics for lung disease modeling
3.1 Microphysiological systems
3.1.1 Mimicking different lung microenvironments
3.2 Microphysiological systems: Applications in respiratory diseases
3.2.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) modeling
3.2.2 Asthma pathophysiology studies
3.2.3 Exploring innovative treatments for lung cancer
3.2.4 Unraveling mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis
3.2.5 Influenza drug testing and development
3.2.6 Cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension-on-chip
3.3 Lung organoids-on-a-chip: Bridging the gap between 2D cell cultures and in vivo models
4 Microfluidics in advanced drug delivery systems (ADDS)
4.1 Microfluidic-based drug development
4.1.1 Rapid and precise formulation optimization
4.1.2 Reproducible synthesis of nanoscale drug carriers
4.2 Applications of microfluidic-based nanodrugs for lung disease
4.2.1 Nanogels for intracellular drug delivery
4.2.2 Nanoengineered inhalable formulations
4.2.3 Enhancing drug penetration and distribution in the lungs
4.2.4 Overcoming mucus barrier challenges
4.2.5 Drug testing and toxicity assessment
4.3 Personalized medicine in therapeutics
5 Wearable microfluidic devices for monitoring lung-related disease and drug administration
5.1 Wearable microfluidic devices
5.2 Microneedles in diagnostics and vaccination
6 Regulatory and commercial considerations
6.1 Regulatory pathways for microfluidic diagnostic devices and drug delivery systems
6.2 Scaling up production and ensuring quality control
6.3 Economic viability and accessibility of microfluidic-based technologies
7 Future directions
8 Conclusion
Chapter 8. Organ-on-a-chip in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic respiratory disorders and its application to advanced drug delivery systems
1 Introduction
2 Types of OOCs devices
2.1 Liver OOAC
2.2 Lung-on-a-chip
2.3 Kidney OOAC
2.4 Heart-on-a-chip
2.5 Intestine-on-a-chip
2.6 Multi-organs-on-a-chip
3 Fabrication techniques for lung on chip model
3.1 Lithography based microfabrication techniques
3.2 Thermoplastic technique
3.3 3D cell bioprinting
3.4 Designing chip models of different parts of the respiratory system
4 Applications in the field of drug delivery
4.1 Drug development
4.2 Personalized medicine
4.3 Stem cells technology for lung disease modeling and regenerative medicine
4.4 Toxicity testing
4.5 Disease modeling
4.6 Organ-on-a-chip technologies in ophthalmic drug discovery
4.7 Cardiovascular drug discovery
5 Conclusion and future perspectives
Chapter 9. Computational approaches in respiratory medicine for diagnosis and drug discovery
1 Introduction
2 Virtual screening for drug discovery
2.1 Structure-based drug discovery in virtual screening for respiratory medicine
2.2 Ligand-based drug discovery
2.3 Machine learning and the power of data
3 Computational drug repositioning
4 In silico mechanistic models for drug discovery
5 Computational approaches in respiratory disease diagnosis
5.1 Thoracic imaging
5.2 Histology, cytology, and biopsies
5.3 Functional tests
Chapter 10. Natural product-based compounds for chronic respiratory disorders
1 Introduction
2 Background, risk factors, and prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases
3 Risk factors for respiratory diseases
4 Prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases
5 Current management strategies in CRDs and their limitations
6 Sources of natural compounds for respiratory disorders
7 Bioactive compounds in natural sources and their relevance in chronic respiratory diseases
7.1 Alkaloids
7.2 Flavonoids
7.3 Terpenoids
7.4 Polyphenols
7.5 Other classes of compounds
7.5.1 Carotenoids
7.5.2 Saponins
8 Plant-derived natural products against chronic respiratory diseases
9 Pharmacological mechanisms of plant-derived compounds in alleviating chronic respiratory disorders
10 Natural compounds as a potential treatment option for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
11 Plant-derived immunomodulators for bronchial asthma and inflammatory responses
12 Natural products utilized in COPD treatment
13 Anticancer potential of phytochemical derived natural products in lung cancer therapy
14 Conclusion
Chapter 11. Navigating challenges in chronic respiratory disorder management: exploring future horizons and clinical translations
1 Introduction
1.1 Chronic respiratory disorders
1.2 Global health impact and burden
2 Current treatment approaches
2.1 Conventional therapies and their limitations
2.2 Emerging trends in chronic respiratory disorder management
3 Novel treatment approaches
3.1 Organic nanoparticles
3.2 Inorganic nanoparticles
3.3 Biologic therapies
3.4 Gene editing techniques
3.5 Combinational drug delivery strategies
3.6 Stem cell therapies
3.7 Personalized medicine in respiratory disorders
4 Future prospects
4.1 Role of digital health innovations
4.1.1 Telemedicine
4.1.2 Telemedicine in the management of COPD
4.1.3 Telemedicine in the management of asthma
4.2 Wearable devices
5 Challenges in management
Index

Gabriele De Rubis

Gabriele holds a Bachelor's Degree in Biotechnology ("La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy) and a Master's degree in Genetic Sciences and Technologies (University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy). He has just completed a PhD in Pharmacy (thesis under examination) at the Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, UTS, with a thesis on the development of advanced drug delivery systems for respiratory diseases. Gabriele has extensive experience as an industry-based researcher, particularly in the setup and evaluation of animal (mouse and rat) models of cancer and inflammatory diseases and in the preclinical in vivo testing of the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of novel anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. Gabriele's current expertise and research interest cover the in vitro advanced drug delivery of phytoceuticals and nucleic acid-based therapeutics (decoy oligodeoxynucleotides, miRNAs) for the treatment of respiratory inflammatory diseases and lung cancer.

Affiliations and expertise

University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Ronan MacLoughlin

Dr Ronan MacLoughlin is Director R&D, Science & Emerging Technologies, at Aerogen, an Irish medical device company specialising in Respiratory Drug Delivery. He is a former head of Medical Affairs, with responsibility for >45 investigator-initiated trials. With more than 20 years’ experience in the design and development of drug delivery systems and drug device combinations, he has >220 collaborative publications, as well as 12 granted patents. His most recent focus has been on enabling several clinical programs making use of aerosolised prophylactics and therapeutics for COVID-19, and his work on delivery of inhaled vaccines has resulted in the world’s first approval for an orally inhaled vaccine for COVID-19 (Convidecia Air). His contribution to the state of the art in fugitive medical and patient-derived aerosols was central to the evolution of several critical care consensus statements around the safe use of aerosol therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Affiliations and expertise

Aerogen pty Ltd, Ireland

Hélder A. Santos

Prof. Santos (D.Sc. Tech., Chem. Eng.) is a Full Professor in Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Groningen. He is also Research Director at the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy. Prof. Santos is also the co-founder of the startups Capsamedix Oy and Medixmicro Oy, and Coordinator of MSCA-ITN P4 FIT network in tendon repair (~4.1 m€). He holds Visiting Professorships at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and University of Tartu. Prof. Santos research interests include the development of nanoparticles/nanomedicines and biomaterials for biomedical applications, particularly cancer and heart diseases. His lab makes the unique bridge between medical engineering, pharmaceutical nanotechnology and tissue engineering by combining unique techniques to develop novel therapeutic formulations for translation into the clinic. He is also in Editorial board member of several international journals, and Associate Editor of Nano Select, Smart Materials in Medicine, and Drug Delivery and Translational Research, among others. Prof. Santos has received prestigious awards/grants, for example, the "Talent Prize in Science" in 2010 attributed by the Portuguese Government, ERC Starting Grant in 2013 and ERC Proof-of-Concept Grant in 2018, Young Researcher Award in 2013 attributed by Faculty of Pharmacy, the Academy of Finland Award for Social Impact in 2016, and the CRS Young Investigator Award 2021.

Affiliations and expertise

Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Saritha Shetty

Dr. Saritha Shetty Associate Professor, Pharmaceutics Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management SVKM’s NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Vile Parle (west), Mumbai, has a research experience of over 16 years working in the area of drug delivery and analytical method development. Before joining academics, she served as Scientist at Syngene International. Pvt. Ltd. (A Biocon Group), Bangalore, India. During this tenure, she has completed projects of major client like Baxter ACC – (Baxter Anesthesia Critical Care, USA) for analytical method development and validation using HPLC and GC. Dr. Shetty has her research interest in areas of developing drug delivery systems for infectious diseases. She has developed novel and effective formulations for topical and transdermal systems, mucoadhesive systems for respiratory and oral delivery. Edit

Affiliations and expertise

Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, India

Divya Suares

Dr. Divya Suares Assistant Professor, Pharmaceutics Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road has a search experience of over 14 years in the area of drug delivery. Dr. Divya completed her Bachelor’s Degree in Pharmacy and Master’s Degree in Pharmaceutics from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India. She completed her Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Sciences from NMIMS deemed-to-be University, wherein her research project involved development and evaluation of lipid based formulation of Rosuvastatin. Dr. Divya’s research interest encompass the development of drug delivery systems via the oral, topical, intranasal route for the management of various disorders, development of effective formulations for wound healing and pediatric-friendly drug delivery systems. Edit

Affiliations and expertise

Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, India

Kamal Dua

Dr. Kamal Dua is a Senior Lecturer in the Discipline of Pharmacy at the Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Australia. He has research experience of over many years in the field of drug delivery systems targeting inflammatory diseases. Dr. Dua researches in two complementary areas; drug delivery and immunology, specifically addressing how these disciplines can advance one another, helping the community to live longer and healthier. This is evidenced by his extensive publication record in reputed journals. Dr. Dua’s research interests focus on harnessing the pharmaceutical potential of modulating critical regulators such as Interleukins and microRNAs and developing new and effective drug delivery formulations for the management of chronic airway diseases. He has published more than 80 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals and authored or co-authored four books. He is an active member of many national and international professional societies.

Affiliations and expertise

Senior Lecturer, Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

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Technological Advances and Innovations in the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disorders

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Gabriele De Rubis

Ronan MacLoughlin

Hélder A. Santos

Saritha Shetty

Divya Suares

Kamal Dua