Tabbner's Nursing Care 2 Vol Set
Theory and Practice
- 9th Edition - November 19, 2024
- Editors: Gabrielle Koutoukidis, Kate Stainton
- Language: English
- Paperback ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 4 4 7 5 - 7
- eBook ISBN:9 7 8 - 0 - 7 2 9 5 - 9 9 9 2 - 4
Must-have resource for all future Enrolled NursesTabbner’s Nursing Care is the main resource for Diploma of Nursing students and instructors. This well-established and highly re… Read more
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Request a sales quoteMust-have resource for all future Enrolled Nurses
Tabbner’s Nursing Care is the main resource for Diploma of Nursing students and instructors. This well-established and highly respected book provides the knowledge and skills learners need to qualify as Enrolled Nurses.
Written by a highly qualified team of editors and contributors, the book equips the learner to provide safe, competent and person-centred care. It teaches and prepares learners to apply critical and reflective thinking to decision-making, use healthcare technology and work as part of a healthcare team in a variety of settings.
Complete with an accompanying workbook and a host of features to support and facilitate teaching and learning, Tabbner’s Nursing Care is the ideal contemporary, evidenced-based resource to develop competent and safe Enrolled Nurses of the future.
Reflects the current context and scope of practice for Enrolled Nurses
Takes a person-centred care approach and supports learners to become safe and competent Enrolled Nurses
Builds clinical reasoning, critical thinking and problem-solving skills
Full-colour content to support teaching and learning
Includes Nursing Care Plans, Critical Thinking Exercises, Case Studies, Progress Notes, Decision-Making Framework Exercises, Clinical Skills with rationales and Review Exercises
New to this edition
New skills covering:
- Removal of a drain tube
- Urinary catheterisation (male)
- Focused pain assessment
- Care of the person after deathContent covering health informatics and technology, LGBTQIA+ representation and COVID-19
New chapter on readiness for practice
Instructor resources on Evolve:
Answer guides for Case Studies, Critical Thinking Exercises, Decision-Making Framework Exercises, Review Questions
Clinical Cases case studies
Clinical Skills videos
Image collection
PowerPoint slides
Test bank
Weblinks
Learner and instructor resources on Evolve:
Answer guides for Case Studies, Critical Thinking Exercises, Decision-Making Framework Exercises, Review Questions
Clinical Cases case studies
Clinical Skills videos
Weblinks
- Tabbner’s Nursing Care : Theory and Practice
- Cover image
- Title page
- Table of Contents
- Copyright
- Short contents
- Contributors
- Reviewers
- Publisher’s dedication
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Standard steps for all clinical skills
- Text features
- List of Illustrations
- List of Tables
- Unit 1. The evolution of the nursing profession
- 1. The evolution of the nursing profession
- Introduction
- Patients, consumers or clients? What’s in a name?
- Historical perspectives
- Nursing in Australia—the beginning
- Australian nurses in wartime
- The COVID-19 pandemic
- Progress of nursing in Australia
- Nursing practice in Australia
- Competency standards/standards for practice
- Scope of practice
- Decision-making frameworks
- Code of ethics
- Registration
- Professional nursing organisations
- Australian college of nursing
- Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF)
- Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nurses and Midwives (CATSINaM)
- Coalition of National Nursing and Midwifery Organisations (CoNNMO)
- Nursing the profession
- Nurse education
- Theories and models of nursing
- Defining theory and model
- Components of nursing theoretical models
- Overview of selected nursing theories
- Relationship of theories to nursing process
- Service
- Autonomy
- Influences on nursing
- Societal influences on nursing
- Demographic changes
- Cultural diversity
- Consumer movement
- Human rights movement
- Workforce
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 2. Legal and ethical frameworks
- Introduction
- Legal aspects of nursing practice
- Common law system
- Acts of parliament
- Vicarious liability
- Discrimination and human rights
- Nursing regulation
- Scope of practice
- Professional boundaries
- Continuing professional development
- Areas of legal liability in nursing
- Contracts
- Standards of care
- Negligence
- Defamation
- False imprisonment
- Assault and battery
- Consent
- Confidentiality and privacy
- Mandatory reporting
- Documentation
- Reporting of adverse events and clinical incidents
- Witnessing wills
- Coroner’s court
- Right to refuse treatment
- End-of-life care
- Advance directives
- Do-not-resuscitate orders
- Open disclosure
- Legal responsibilities of nursing students
- Legal issues in the nursing specialties
- Ethical aspects of nursing
- Ethics
- Ethics and morality
- Nursing ethics
- Ethical issues and moral dilemmas
- Ethical decision-making
- Advocacy
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 3. Nursing research and evidence-based practice
- Introduction
- Research approaches
- The research process
- Step 1. Identification of the issue, problem or question
- Step 2. Conduct a literature review
- Step 3. Develop the purpose statement
- Step 4. Determine the research design, research questions, aims, objectives or hypotheses
- Step 5. Determine sample type/size and data collection method, seek ethical approval, collect data
- Step 6. Analysis and interpretation of data
- Step 7. Discussion of the results, limitations and recommendations
- Evidence-based practice
- Origins of EBP
- Location of EBP information
- The five steps of evidence-based practice
- How is research utilised in practice?
- Barriers to implementing or translating research into practice
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Unit 2. Professional practice in the contemporary environment
- 4. Australia’s healthcare delivery system
- Introduction
- Components of a healthcare system
- Service delivery systems
- Integrated care
- Multidisciplinary teams
- Leadership and governance
- Consumers
- Health information systems
- Health workforce
- Health financing
- Essential medicines
- Key challenges
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 5. Understanding and promoting health
- Introduction
- Concepts of health, wellbeing and illness
- The determinants of health
- What is health promotion?
- Health literacy
- The world health organization
- Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention
- The Ottawa Charter for health promotion
- Health promotion in Australian Government policy
- Health promotion practice
- Nursing and health promotion
- The changing role of nursing
- The role of the nurse in health promotion
- The nursing process in health promotion
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 6. Critical thinking, problem-based learning and reflective practice
- Introduction
- Critical thinking
- Clinical reasoning, clinical judgments and clinical decisions
- Problem-based learning
- Relationship to the nursing process
- A health education method
- Reflective practice
- Becoming a reflective practitioner
- Barriers to reflection
- Phases in reflection
- Professional practice reflective journal
- Preparing for work placement
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resource
- 7. Nursing process
- Introduction
- Assessment
- Sources of information
- The nursing interview
- Physical examination and observation
- Cultural considerations in assessment
- Diagnosis
- Planning
- Creating smart goals
- Prioritising goals
- Determining nursing interventions
- Nursing care plans
- Implementation
- Evaluation
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 8. Documentation, health informatics and technology
- Introduction
- Nursing documentation
- Purpose of documentation and healthcare records
- Healthcare communication
- Professional accountability
- Professional and legislative requirements
- Quality improvement and research
- Resource allocation and funding
- Education
- Legal, ethical and professional considerations
- Inclusive quality clinical communication
- Documentation guidelines and principles
- Complete and accurate person-centred documentation
- Compliant with legislation, policies and procedures
- Standardised terminology and language
- Integrated, accessible and durable records
- Types of documentation and charting
- Narrative documentation
- Problem-oriented medical records
- APIE, PIE and focus charting
- Systems-based documentation
- Charting by exception
- Situation, background, assessment, recommendation (SBAR)
- Clinical pathways
- Flow sheets
- Common clinical documents
- Electronic records and multidisciplinary care
- Documentation and charting in electronic records
- Computer-assisted documentation
- Documentation at transitions of care
- Individuals at high risk at transitions of care
- Telephone reports
- Incident reporting
- Health informatics
- Nursing informatics
- Relevance of informatics in nursing practice
- Nursing informatics competencies
- Basics of computers and information technology
- Components of computing systems
- Network fundamentals
- Internet and world wide web
- Internet of things and wearable devices
- Social media
- Health information systems
- Electronic medical records (EMR)
- Clinical information systems (CIS)
- Hospital information systems
- Management information systems
- Ancillary systems
- Data standards and nursing minimum datasets
- Digital health
- My health record
- Telehealth
- Emerging technologies changing healthcare
- Health data privacy and security
- Using information technology to support education and research
- Computers and ICT in education
- Computers in research
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 9. Quality and safety
- Introduction
- Quality in healthcare
- Quality frameworks
- Aspects of quality
- Measurable quality
- Governance
- Safety in healthcare
- Preventable patient harm
- Error management
- Human factors engineering
- Patient safety in the workplace
- Work health and safety issues
- Personal stressors in the work environment
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 10. Communication and clinical handover
- Introduction
- Components of the communication process
- Elements of the communication process
- Factors that influence the communication process
- Perception
- Attitudes, values and beliefs
- Differences in knowledge
- Past experiences
- Emotions
- Relationships and roles
- Environmental setting
- Physical discomfort
- Pressure of time
- Forms of communication
- Verbal communication
- Non-verbal communication
- Passive, aggressive and assertive communication
- Passive communication
- Aggressive communication
- Assertive communication
- Therapeutic communication
- Skills to facilitate therapeutic communication
- Active listening
- Asking questions
- Feedback—paraphrasing, clarifying and reflecting
- The use of silence
- Summarising
- Conveying empathy
- Respect and open-mindedness
- Alterations to speech
- Self-disclosure
- The use of humour
- Communicating with children, adolescents and older adults
- Children
- Adolescents
- The older person
- Communicating with an individual’s relatives, friends and significant others
- Barriers that interfere with therapeutic communication
- Changing the subject inappropriately
- False reassurance
- Being defensive
- Offering advice or giving an opinion
- Culturally safe communication
- Individuals with special requirements
- Alterations to vision
- Alterations to hearing
- Alterations to cognitive abilities
- Individuals who are unable to respond
- Clinical handover
- Structured communication tools
- Minimum information content
- Reporting changes in individual condition
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 11. Models of nursing care, management and leadership
- Introduction
- Models of nursing care delivery
- Leadership styles
- Leadership styles and emotional intelligence
- Contemporary leadership theories
- Management
- Levels of management
- Management functions
- Principles of management
- Skills and competencies of nurse managers
- The nurse as a delegator
- Preparing nurse leaders for the future
- Leadership skills for nursing students
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 12. Readiness for practice
- Introduction
- Preparing for professional experience placement
- Enrolled nurse standards of practice
- Expectations
- Ways of working
- Models of care
- Practice settings
- Setting SMART goals for placement
- Reflective practice
- Gibbs reflective cycle
- Challenges during clinical placement
- Getting prepared for professional practice
- Becoming a qualified nurse
- Getting the job you want
- Preparation for personal and professional development
- Professional nursing portfolio
- Self-care and support
- References
- Online resources
- Unit 3. Cultural competence, safety and diversity
- 13. Cultural competence, safety and diversity
- Introduction
- Origins of cultural safety
- Attitudes, beliefs and values
- What is culture?
- Effective communication
- Dominant healthcare approach
- Ethnocentrism
- Cultural considerations
- Prejudice, discrimination and racism on people’s health and wellbeing
- Culture and wellbeing
- Indigenous knowledges
- Implications of cultural diversity for practice
- Culture, the individual and the profession
- Healthcare in a contemporary context
- Multidisciplinary teams
- Cultural diversity and individuals’ experiences of the system
- Understanding the experiences of another person
- Interactions with the healthcare system
- Culture in practice
- Working in authentic partnerships
- Cultural responsiveness and cultural safety
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Codes of conduct and ethics
- 14. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and principles of cultural safety
- Introduction
- Worldviews
- Land and country
- Indigenous concepts of ‘country’ and the importance of caring for country
- Demographics
- Divergent worldviews
- Communication
- Cultural respect, security and competence
- Context
- Cultural safety
- Cultural competence
- Indigenous ways of viewing health
- History taking: The context
- Considering the context
- Some of the hard data
- Closing the gap
- Good news stories
- The papunya and kintore renal dialysis good news and success story
- Gettin em n keepin em n growin em (GENKE II report)
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Unit 4. Initial and ongoing health assessment
- 15. Health assessment frameworks
- Introduction
- General assessment
- Focused assessment
- Physical assessment
- Before the assessment
- During the assessment
- After the assessment
- Assessment techniques
- Assessment through inspection
- Assessment through palpation
- Assessment through percussion
- Assessment using the sense of auscultation
- Assessment using the sense of olfaction (smell)
- Assessment using equipment
- Routine shift assessment
- Diagnostic investigations
- Recording and reporting
- Teaching considerations
- Clinical handover
- Advance health directives
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 16. Vital signs
- Introduction
- Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in acute healthcare
- Respiration
- Regulation of breathing and respiration
- Factors affecting respiratory function
- Assessing respirations
- Alterations in respirations
- Pulse oximetry—measuring oxygen saturation
- Blood pressure
- Assessing blood pressure
- Blood pressure sites
- Alterations in blood pressure
- Pulse
- Assessing the pulse
- Pulse sites
- Character of the pulse
- Factors affecting pulse characteristics
- Alterations in pulse rate
- Pain and consciousness
- Body temperature
- Regulation of body temperature
- Heat production and heat loss
- Assessing body temperature
- Measuring body temperature
- Body temperature sites
- Accurate measurement of body temperature
- Alterations in body temperature and associated nursing care
- References
- Recommended reading
- 17. Admission, transfer and discharge
- Introduction
- Reactions to admission
- Illness and stress
- The admission process
- Pre-admission
- Admitting an adult to a healthcare facility
- Day of surgery admission
- Day surgery
- Unplanned or emergency admission
- Room preparation
- Reception of the person
- Admitting the person to the mental health unit
- Admitting a child to a healthcare facility
- Preparation for admission
- Admission
- General aspects of paediatric nursing
- Admitting an adolescent to a healthcare facility
- Discharge planning
- Preparing individuals to go home
- Teaching as a part of discharge planning
- Day of discharge
- Discharging the individual from the mental health unit
- Discharge against medical advice
- Transfer of care
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Unit 5. Foundations of care
- 18. Infection prevention and control
- Introduction
- Preventing and controlling infections in healthcare in Australia
- Nature of infection
- Microoganisms
- Distribution of microorganisms
- Types of infection
- Risk of contracting infection
- Types of microorganisms/causative pathogenic agent
- Reservoirs (sources) of infection
- Portals of exit from reservoir
- Modes of transmission
- Portals of entry
- Host susceptibility
- Infection prevention and control through work health and safety
- Infection prevention and control in practice
- Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions
- Tier 1: Standard precautions
- Implementing standard precautions
- Standard precautions: Hand hygiene
- Standard precautions: Use of personal protective equipment
- Standard precautions: Safe handling and disposal of sharps
- Standard precautions: Implementing environmental controls
- Standard precautions: Reprocessing of reuseable instruments and equipment
- Routine cleaning of instruments
- Standard precautions: Asepsis and aseptic technique
- Standard precautions: Appropriate handling of waste and linen
- Standard precautions: Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
- Tier 2: Transmission-based precautions applied in addition to standard precautions
- Infection prevention and control for healthcare workers
- Infection control and prevention of COVID-19
- Role of the infection control and prevention nurse
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 19. Personal care and comfort
- Introduction
- Cultural considerations
- Skin and skin care
- Infants
- Adolescents
- The middle years
- Older adults
- Nursing observations of the skin
- Bathing and showering
- Nursing observations and assessment
- Devices used to assist when bathing and showering
- Individuals requiring special consideration
- Bathing the individual in bed
- Bathing an infant
- Hair care
- Nursing observations and assessment of the hair and scalp
- Washing the individual’s hair
- Management of pediculosis (lice)
- Shaving
- Eye, ear and nasal care
- Assessment and care of the eyes
- Assessment and care of the ears
- Assessment and care of the nose
- Mouth care
- Oral hygiene
- At-risk individuals
- Assisting the individual with oral hygiene
- Nail care
- Routine nail care
- At-risk individuals
- Nursing observations and assessment
- Hygiene summary
- Promoting comfort
- Clothing and comfort
- Comfort and the environment
- Equipment to promote comfort
- Bed making
- Making an unoccupied bed
- Key principles related to bed making
- Making a postoperative bed
- Making an occupied bed
- Making a divided bed
- Comfortable positioning
- Sitting positions
- Positions for specific situations
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 20. Administration and monitoring of medications and intravenous therapy
- Introduction
- Medication names
- Classification
- Quality use of medications
- The prescriber’s role
- The pharmacist’s role
- The nurse’s role
- The consumer’s role
- Medication formulations and administration routes
- Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- First-pass metabolism
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
- Importance of therapeutic medication monitoring
- Pharmacodynamics
- Medication action
- Safety and legal requirements in medication administration
- Legal aspects of medication administration
- Nursing competency
- Safe administration of medications
- Errors in administration
- Systems of measurement
- SI units
- Medication calculations
- Conversions
- Calculating dosages
- Intravenous administration calculations
- Administering medications
- Administering enteral medications
- Administering parenteral medications
- Administering fluids and medications via the intravenous route
- Blood product administration
- Administration of subcutaneous infusions
- Administering topical medications
- Instilling eye drops and ointments
- Instilling ear drops
- Inserting vaginal medications
- Administering medications by inhalation
- Administering medication by intranasal absorption
- Monitoring the effects of medications
- Safe handling of hazardous substances
- Safe storage, administration and disposal of medications
- Medications and the older adult
- Medications and the child
- Continuation of medication regimen after discharge
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Unit 6. Nursing care across the lifespan
- 21. Conception to late childhood
- Introduction
- Conception
- Development of the placenta, membranes, liquor and cord
- The placenta
- The membranes
- Liquor
- The umbilical cord
- Foetal circulation
- Intrauterine development and growth
- Transition to extrauterine life
- Theories of development
- Erikson’s theory
- Piaget’s theory
- Growth and development
- Growth and development of the infant
- Physical development
- Measurement
- Sensory
- Motor
- Psychosocial development
- Cognitive development
- Health risks/problems
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux
- Colic
- Faltering growth
- Skin disorders
- Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- Growth and development of the child
- Physical development
- Measurement
- Sensory
- Motor
- Cognitive
- Psychosocial
- Moral development
- Spiritual development
- Health risks/problems
- Injury
- Child maltreatment
- Obesity
- Chronic illness
- Factors influencing growth and development
- Genetic factors
- Environmental factors
- Demographic factors
- Cultural diversity
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children
- Health promotion
- Paediatric nursing care
- Nursing children in a hospital setting
- Nursing care of the infant and child
- Child health services
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 22. Late childhood to younger adulthood
- Introduction
- Growth and development of the preadolescent
- Physical development
- Cognitive development
- Emotional development
- Psychosocial development
- Sexual development
- Adolescence
- Growth and development of the adolescent
- Physical development
- Hormonal changes of puberty
- Physiological needs
- Cognitive development
- Psychosocial development
- Social development
- Sexual development
- Issues in adolescence
- Social media
- Body image
- Cultural diversity
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents
- Health risks
- Risk-taking behaviours
- Suicide
- Substance abuse
- Sexual experimentation
- Health promotion
- Nursing implications
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 23. Younger adulthood to older adulthood
- Introduction
- Emerging adulthood
- Growth and development in early adulthood
- Physical development
- Cognitive development
- Psychosocial development
- Moral development
- Spiritual development
- Sexual development
- Socioeconomic development
- Health risks/problems in early adulthood
- Injuries
- Chronic illness
- Cancers
- Mental health conditions
- Suicide
- Substance abuse
- Eating disorders
- Diabetes mellitus
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Growth and development in middle-aged adults
- Physical development
- Psychosocial development
- Cognitive development
- Socioeconomic development
- Sexual development
- Health risks/problems in middle-aged adults
- Cancer
- Suicide
- Depression
- Cultural diversity
- Health promotion
- Implementing the nursing process
- History taking
- Care planning
- Evaluation
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 24. Older adulthood
- Introduction
- The state of ageing in Australia
- Ageism
- Growth and development
- Physical changes
- Psychosocial changes
- Cognitive changes
- Socioeconomic changes
- Sexuality and the older adult
- Health risks/problems
- Chronic conditions
- Impaired cognition
- Polypharmacy
- Falls
- Restrictive practices
- Mistreatment of the older adult
- Cultural aspects of ageing
- Health assessment and promotion
- Care settings
- Continuum of care—assessment as the basis for care
- Community care
- Acute settings
- Rehabilitation
- Residential aged care
- Nursing care of older adults
- Implementing the nursing process
- Specific nursing assessments for older adults
- Care planning
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Unit 7. Promoting health and wellbeing
- 25. Cardiovascular and respiratory health
- Introduction
- Upper airways
- Lower airway
- Muscles of ventilation
- Scientific principles of ventilation and respiration
- Pressure
- Atmospheric pressure
- Sensory mechanisms of the respiratory system
- The respiratory centres
- Ventilation and respiration
- Ventilation
- Respiration
- Factors necessary for ventilation and respiration
- Transport of oxygen
- Factors affecting the release of oxygen from haemoglobin
- Structure of the cardiovascular system
- The heart
- Blood
- Circulation of blood
- The systemic circulation
- Pulmonary circulation
- Hepatic–portal circulation
- Structure of the lymphatic system
- Lymph
- Lymphatic capillaries
- Lymph nodes
- Other areas containing lymphatic tissue
- Lymphatic ducts
- Factors affecting the respiratory system
- Oxygen concentration
- Regulating mechanisms
- Exchange of gases during ventilation and respiration
- Diffusion of oxygen and CO2
- Transport of oxygen and CO2 to and from the cells
- Influences on the rate, depth and rhythm of breathing
- Inadequate ventilation (hypoventilation)
- Impaired diffusion
- Impaired perfusion
- Additional factors
- Pathophysiology related to the respiratory system
- Chest pain
- Cough
- Changes in breathing patterns and sounds
- Hypoxia
- Thoracic abnormalities
- Other manifestations
- Specific disorders of the respiratory system
- Disorders of multiple cause
- Infectious disorders
- Obstructive disorders
- Neoplastic disorders
- Traumatic disorders
- Factors affecting the cardiovascular system
- Changes in cardiac function
- Changes in the blood vessels
- Changes in the blood
- Changes in the lymphatic system
- Pathophysiology related to the circulatory system
- Manifestations of cardiac disorders
- Manifestations of peripheral blood vessel disorders
- Manifestations of blood and blood-forming organ disorders
- Specific disorders of the circulatory system
- Congenital disorders
- Disorders of multiple cause
- Neoplastic and obstructive disorders
- Degenerative disorders
- Infectious and inflammatory disorders
- Respiratory diagnostic tests
- Pulmonary function studies
- Polysomnography
- Cardiovascular diagnostic tests
- Assessment of cardiac function
- Assessment of peripheral blood vessels
- Assessment of haematological status
- Immunoglobulin studies
- Assessment of the lymphatic system
- Nursing an individual with a respiratory and/or cardiac system disorder
- Promoting a clear airway
- Adequate hydration
- Maintaining nutritional status
- Cessation of smoking
- Nebulisation and humidification
- Positioning
- Medication
- Oronasopharyngeal suction
- Chest physiotherapy
- Promoting comfort and relieving pain
- Providing psychological support
- Maintaining skin integrity
- Promoting and maintaining mobility
- Preventing infection
- Promoting effective breathing and aeration
- Promoting efficient gas exchange
- Specific interventions
- The individual with an artificial airway
- Oropharyngeal airway
- Endotracheal tube
- Tracheostomy
- Nursing an individual with an artificial airway
- Nursing a person with a tracheostomy
- The individual with thoracic drainage tubes
- Underwater seal drainage
- Nursing a person with a chest drain
- Nursing practice and oxygen administration
- Assessment
- Meeting an individual’s need for oxygen
- Administering oxygen
- Oxygen delivery equipment
- Mechanical ventilation
- Measures to promote the comfort and safety of the individual receiving oxygen
- Education
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 26. Fluids and electrolytes
- Introduction
- Distribution of body fluids
- Fluid volume distribution
- Mechanisms of fluid and electrolyte movement to maintain homeostasis
- Fluid balance
- Fluid intake
- Fluid output
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Electrolytes
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Sodium (Na+)
- Potassium (K+)
- Nursing assessment of individuals with fluid and electrolyte needs
- Urine
- Paediatric assessment
- Care planning and intervention
- Fluid balance charts and weighing
- Fluid and electrolyte replacement
- Intravenous therapy
- Intravenous fluids
- Care of individuals with an intravenous infusion
- Acid–base balance
- Acids and bases
- The meaning of pH
- Acid–base regulation
- Buffer systems
- Acid–base imbalances
- Causes of pH disturbances
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 27. Rest and sleep
- Introduction
- Physiology of sleep
- Sleep regulation
- Circadian rhythm
- Stages of sleep
- Dreams
- Quality of sleep
- Sleep patterns across the lifespan
- Sleep disturbances
- Sleep disorders
- Sleep deprivation
- Insomnia
- Snoring
- Sleep apnoea
- Narcolepsy
- Parasomnias
- Factors affecting sleep
- Shift work
- Assessing rest and sleep patterns
- Sleep pattern
- Physiological factors
- Emotional factors
- Environmental factors
- Medication factors
- Hospitalisation/residential care
- Meeting sleep needs/sleep hygiene
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 28. Movement and exercise
- Introduction
- The skeletal system
- The muscular system
- The nervous system
- Body mechanics
- Disease processes that influence body mechanics
- Diseases of the bones and skeletal system
- Disorders of the joints and tendons
- Diseases of the muscles
- Development of movement and exercise through the lifespan
- Overweight and obesity in Australia
- Fit versus fat
- The benefits of physical activity
- Exercise and the older adult
- Physical inactivity and aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
- Finding exercise to suit the individual
- Principles of muscle movement in exercise
- Isotonic exercise
- Isometric exercise
- Isokinetic exercise
- Encouraging maintenance and restoration of muscle strength
- Assessment of movement, mobility and the musculoskeletal system
- Gait
- Pain and nerve (sensory) changes
- Swelling, deformity and impaired mobility
- Sprains
- Strains
- Fractures
- Neurovascular assessment
- Dislocation
- Lower back pain
- Diagnosis of a musculoskeletal disorder
- Treatment of bone injuries and musculoskeletal disorders
- Individuals with a bone injury
- Surgical repair
- Traction
- Casts
- Nursing care of the individual with a musculoskeletal disorder
- Promoting rest
- Maintaining joint movement
- Maintaining skin integrity
- Positioning techniques
- Maintaining or improving nutritional status
- Relieving pain
- Prevention of psychological problems
- Promoting remobilisation and rehabilitation
- General treatment of musculoskeletal disorders
- Nursing care of the older person requiring prolonged bed rest
- General treatment for exercise-related injuries
- Meeting movement and exercise needs
- Ambulation after prolonged immobilisation
- ‘Dangling’ before ambulating
- Walking aids
- Crutches
- Walking sticks
- Walking frames
- Complications associated with reduced mobility
- Pressure injuries
- Effects of immobility upon the musculoskeletal system
- Effects on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems
- Urinary stasis
- Constipation
- Psychological effects of reduced mobility
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 29. Skin integrity and wound care
- Introduction
- Structure of the skin
- Functions of the skin
- Factors that affect skin integrity
- Wound healing
- Haemostasis
- The inflammation phase
- The reconstruction/proliferation phase
- The maturation/remodelling phase
- Types of healing
- Wound management
- Wound assessment
- Description of wounds
- Wound bed preparation
- Pain
- Wound debridement
- Managing wound infection
- Wound dressings
- Types of wounds
- Acute and chronic wounds
- Pathophysiological effects and major manifestations of skin disorders
- Pathophysiological influences and effects
- Major manifestations of skin disorders
- Specific disorders of the skin
- Genetic disorders
- Idiopathic disorders
- Hypersensitivity disorders
- Trauma
- Neoplasia
- Infections and infestations
- Diagnostic tests
- Care of the individual with a skin disorder
- Relief of pruritus
- Topical applications
- Maintenance of fluid and nutritional balance
- Preventing infection
- Providing psychological support
- Pressure injuries
- Pressure injury aetiology
- Classification of pressure injuries
- Intrinsic factors
- Extrinsic factors
- Pressure injury risk assessment
- Prevention and management of pressure injuries
- Skin tears
- Leg ulcers
- Primary causes
- Burn injuries
- Pathophysiology of burn injuries
- Classification of burns
- Assessing burn severity
- Management of the individual with burn injuries
- Complications of burns
- Preparation for discharge
- Surgical wounds
- Surgical wound classification
- Surgical wound management
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 30. Nutrition
- Introduction
- Nutrition assessment
- Nutritional assessment and the older person
- Healthy balanced diet
- Nutritional needs of infants and children
- Older persons
- Energy requirements
- Glycaemic index
- Nutrients
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids (fats)
- Water
- Fibre
- Vitamins
- Mineral salts
- Diets to meet individual needs
- Healthy balanced diet
- Plant-based diet
- Religious and cultural diet
- Therapeutic diet
- Diet for wound healing
- Diet for mental health
- Nursing practice and nutritional needs
- Assisting individuals at mealtimes
- Common disorders associated with nutrition
- Malnutrition
- Overweight and obesity
- Eating disorders
- Nutrient loss as a result of vomiting
- Alternative methods to meet nutritional needs
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 31. Urinary health
- Introduction
- The kidneys
- The ureters
- The urinary bladder
- The urethra
- Micturition
- Factors that affect urinary system functioning
- Changes with ageing
- Fluid balance
- Changes to renal function
- Changes to bladder function
- Illness and frailty
- Environment
- Common disorders of the urinary system
- Urinary tract infection
- Urinary incontinence
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- Prostate cancer
- Chronic kidney disease
- Urinary retention
- Urinary calculi
- Nursing assessment of urinary system function
- Subjective data (nursing history)
- Objective data (physical examination and specimen screening)
- Common diagnostic tests
- Other diagnostic tests
- Nursing interventions
- Promoting normal voiding patterns
- Stimulating the micturition reflex
- Promoting adequate fluid intake
- Promoting normal bowel function
- Promoting continence
- Interventions for urinary incontinence
- Urinary catheterisation
- Reasons for urinary catheterisation
- Selection of an appropriate catheter
- Catheter bags—the closed drainage system
- Routine catheter care
- Insertion and removal of a urinary catheter
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 32. Bowel health
- Introduction
- The digestive process
- The accessory digestive organs
- Faecal matter and defecation
- Meeting elimination needs
- Promoting a healthy bowel elimination program
- Common problems associated with elimination of faeces
- Disorders of the digestive system
- Specific disorders
- Inflammatory and infectious disorders
- Neoplastic disorders
- Traumatic disorders
- End-of-life care
- Diagnostic tests
- Care of the individual with a digestive system disorder
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 33. Pain
- Introduction
- Classification of pain
- Assessing pain
- Pain management across the lifespan
- Barriers to effective pain management
- Nursing interventions for an individual experiencing pain
- Non-pharmacological therapy
- Pharmacological therapy
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 34. Sensory health
- Introduction
- Altered senses
- Sensory deprivation
- Sensory overload
- Sensory deficits
- Factors affecting sensory function
- Assessing sensory function
- Special sense organs
- The taste receptors
- The smell receptors
- The eye
- Structure of the eye
- The physiology of sight
- Disorders of the eye
- Refraction disorders
- Infectious disorders
- Disorders of the retina
- Disorders of the visual pathway
- Other disorders of the eye
- Congenital disorders
- Neoplastic disorders
- Traumatic disorders
- Health promotion and education
- Care of the person with an eye disorder
- The ear
- Structure of the ears
- The physiology of hearing
- Maintenance of equilibrium (balance)
- Pathophysiology of the ear
- Major symptoms of ear disorders
- Health promotion
- Diagnostic tests
- Care of a person with an ear disorder
- References
- Online resources
- 35. Neurological health
- Introduction
- Nervous tissue
- The central nervous system (CNS)
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Pathophysiological influences and effects of disorders of the nervous system
- Aetiology of nervous system disorders
- Major manifestations of nervous system disorders
- Assessing neurological status
- Intracranial pressure
- Neurological assessment
- Diagnostic tests
- The neurological examination
- Radiographic examination
- Electroencephalography (EEG)
- Evoked potentials
- Electromyogram (EMG)
- Lumbar puncture (LP)
- Further investigations—nerve conduction studies
- Specific disorders of the nervous system
- Congenital disorders
- Genetic disorders
- Disorders of multiple cause
- Seizure disorders
- Degenerative disorders
- Immunological disorders
- Infectious and inflammatory conditions
- Neoplastic and obstructive disorders
- Traumatic disorders
- Care of the individual with a nervous system disorder
- Promoting a clear airway
- Maintaining nutritional and fluid status
- Preventing and managing alterations in elimination
- Promoting effective communication
- Promoting safety
- Maintaining skin integrity
- Preventing physical injuries
- Preventing infection
- Promoting mobility and preventing the complications of immobility
- Providing psychological support
- Providing a suitable environment
- Providing diagnostic test care
- Promoting rehabilitation and independence
- Care of the unconscious individual
- Causes of impaired consciousness
- Outcome of unconsciousness
- Management of an unconscious individual
- Stroke
- Care of the individual who has had a stroke
- Spinal cord injury
- Care of the individual with spinal cord injury
- Nursing care of the individual with a spinal cord injury
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 36. Endocrine health
- Introduction
- Endocrine glands and hormones
- The pituitary gland
- The pineal gland
- The thymus
- The thyroid gland
- The parathyroid glands
- The pancreas
- The adrenal glands
- The gonads
- Endocrine disorders
- Disorders of the pituitary gland
- Disorders of the thyroid gland
- Disorders of the parathyroid glands
- Disorders of the adrenal glands
- Disorder of the gonads
- Disorders of the pancreas
- Care of the individual with an endocrine disorder
- Effects of endocrine dysfunction
- Care of the individual with diabetes mellitus
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 37. Reproductive health
- The male reproductive system
- Spermatogenesis
- Testosterone
- Disorders of the male reproductive system
- Disorders of the penis
- Conditions affecting the testes
- Disorders of the prostate gland
- Systemic diseases and ageing
- Surgical procedures
- Assessment and diagnostic tests
- Nursing interventions in male reproductive health
- The female reproductive system
- Oogenesis
- Mammary glands
- The menstrual cycle
- Disorders of the female reproductive system
- Common symptoms
- Vulval and vaginal changes
- Disorders of the internal reproductive organs
- Disorders of the uterus
- Disorders of the ovaries
- Tumours of the female reproductive system
- Conditions affecting menstruation
- Disorders of pregnancy
- Breast disorders
- Care of the individual with a breast disorder
- Assessment and diagnostic tests
- External examinations
- Internal examinations and sampling
- Reproductive and sexual health promotion
- Contraception
- Termination of pregnancy
- Disorders of reproduction
- Infertility
- Sexual abuse
- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Diagnosis
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Syphilis
- Chlamydia and gonorrhoea
- Prevention of sexually transmitted infections
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Unit 8. Specialised nursing practice
- 38. Palliative care
- Introduction
- Palliative care
- Who can receive palliative care?
- Person- and family-centred palliative care
- Multidisciplinary palliative care
- Home-based care
- Hospice-based care
- Residential aged care
- Acute/hospital-based care
- Symptom management
- Pain
- Symptoms requiring physical care
- Psychosocial and spiritual care
- Loss and grief
- Care of the dying
- Physical care
- Voluntary assisted dying
- Care after death
- Care of the bereaved
- Support for the nurse
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 39. Mental health and mental illness
- Introduction
- What is mental health?
- Development of mental health
- What is a mental illness?
- Signs and symptoms of a mental health condition
- Classification of mental health conditions
- Diagnosis
- Theoretical models and causation of mental illness
- The provision of care
- The multidisciplinary team
- Responsibilities of the mental health nurse
- Recovery and mental health conditions
- Mental health first aid
- Historical perspectives and mental health care
- Mental health care today
- Care of consumers with specific emotional or behavioural challenges
- The consumer experiencing anxiety
- The consumer experiencing depression
- The consumer experiencing feelings of anger and hostility
- The consumer who is at risk of self-destructive behaviour
- Suicidal behaviour
- The consumer who experiences elevation of mood
- Consumers experiencing confusion or disorientation
- Legal and ethical aspects of mental health nursing
- Legal issues relating to informal and formal admission
- Treatment orders and issues of consent
- Legal issues and electroconvulsive therapy
- Ethical issues and dilemmas
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 40. Rehabilitation
- Introduction
- Categories of individuals requiring rehabilitation
- The meaning of habilitation and rehabilitation
- Philosophy of rehabilitation
- Person-centred goals and empowerment
- Adjustment to disability
- The rehabilitation team
- Members of the rehabilitation team
- Case conferences and team meetings
- The process of rehabilitation
- Assessment of rehabilitation potential
- Determining short- and long-term goals
- Planning and implementation
- Nursing aspects of rehabilitation
- Evaluation
- Aids to daily living
- Culturally relevant care
- Discharge planning
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 41. Chronicity and disability
- Introduction
- Prevalence, classification and causes of chronic diseases
- Long COVID
- Conceptual models of chronic care
- Disability
- Prevalence and causes of disabilities
- Classifications of disability
- The unique meaning of disability
- Conceptual models of disability
- Adjustment
- Mental health
- Mindfulness
- Providing care for individuals and their families
- The move to community-based service provision
- The philosophy of inclusion and normalisation
- Continuing challenges
- Approaches to management of individuals with chronic conditions or disabilities
- Assessment
- Planning and implementing care
- Evaluation
- Person-centred care
- Motivational interviewing and assessing readiness to change behaviour
- Self-management for individuals with chronic diseases and/or disability
- Provision of services
- National disability insurance scheme and national disability insurance agency
- Caregivers of people with chronic disease or disability
- The impact of caring: Lifestyle changes and loss
- Support for primary (family) carers
- Health promotion: Disability prevention
- Abuse and advocacy
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 42. Acute and perioperative care
- Introduction
- Hospital care
- Home care
- Acute nursing: Scope of practice
- Characteristics and impact of acute illness/injury
- The individual
- The family
- Acute disorders
- Cellulitis
- Venous thromboembolism
- Diverticular disease
- Guillain-barré syndrome
- Acute kidney injury
- Sepsis and septic shock
- Perioperative care
- Surgery
- The purpose of surgery
- Classifications of surgery
- Responses to surgical intervention
- Preoperative care
- Providing information
- Medical history
- Physical examination
- Informed consent
- Laboratory and diagnostic testing
- Psychological preparation
- Teaching activities
- Physical preparation
- Preparation of the individual—immediately prior to surgery
- Documentation
- Intraoperative phase
- Induction of anaesthesia
- Safe surgery
- Postoperative care
- Preparation of the individual to the postoperative environment
- Immediate general postoperative care and assessment
- Subsequent postoperative care
- Wound care
- Postoperative discomfort and potential complications
- Preparation for discharge
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 43. Emergency care
- Introduction
- Where do emergencies occur?
- Early recognition and response to a medical emergency
- Assessment
- Reporting deterioration
- Recognising and responding to an emergency
- Barriers to instigating a medical emergency team response
- Basic life support
- Indications
- Initial steps of resuscitation in BLS
- Danger
- Response
- Send
- Airway
- Breathing
- Circulation
- Defibrillation
- Defibrillator safety
- Post-resuscitation care
- Documentation
- Staff debriefing
- Managing specific emergency situations
- Anaphylaxis
- Shock
- Cardiac emergencies
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Hypertensive emergencies
- Asthma
- Seizures
- Epilepsy
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 44. Maternal and newborn care
- Pregnancy
- Physiological changes
- Psychological changes
- Confirmation of pregnancy
- Estimated due date/estimated agreed due date
- Minor discomforts associated with pregnancy
- Gravidity and parity
- Prenatal care and preparation
- The initial consultation
- Subsequent consultations
- Labour
- The first stage
- Second stage of labour
- The third stage
- The fourth stage
- Cultural influences on birthing practices
- Postnatal care
- Care of the woman
- Minor postnatal discomforts
- Breastfeeding
- Immediate care of the baby
- Subsequent care of the baby
- Neonatal disorders
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- 45. Community, rural and remote
- Introduction
- The health of a community
- Public health
- Community health nursing and primary care nursing
- The community health nurse’s role
- Teamwork in community care
- Home care and support
- Models of care in community health
- Issues for community health nurses in home care
- Standards and scope of practice of the community and primary healthcare nurse
- The nursing process and community nursing
- Nursing care in rural and remote areas
- Remote and rural australia
- Significant issues
- Comparison of health needs of urban, rural and remote communities
- Health and illness patterns in rural and remote australia
- Rural/remote australia, population health and provision of services
- Geography, space, place and health
- Remote area and rural nursing
- Remote area nursing
- Rural nursing
- Characteristics of remote and rural nursing
- Effective healthcare service delivery in remote settings
- Working in health teams and partnerships in rural and remote contexts
- Stress related to working in a remote health context
- What is stressful about remote practice?
- Access to health services in rural and remote areas
- Telehealth
- Transferring to regional or metropolitan health services
- References
- Recommended reading
- Online resources
- Credits
- Index
- Language: English
- Edition: 9
- Published: November 19, 2024
- Imprint: Elsevier
- Paperback ISBN: 9780729544757
- eBook ISBN: 9780729599924
GK
Gabrielle Koutoukidis
Affiliations and expertise
Dean, Faculty Health Science, Community & Social Studies, Holmesglen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australianity Studies, Holmesglen, Melbourne, VictoriaKS
Kate Stainton
Affiliations and expertise
Strategy & Innovation Consultant, BaptistCare, NSW, Australia; Sessional Academic, School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia