Sustainable Vehicle Technologies

LCA

Chapter 1: Energy demand assessment of electrified drivetrains in material extraction and system manufacturing

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Methodological approach

3 State of the art of electric and hybrid vehicles

4 Analysis of the material composition

5 Analysis of the material extraction phase

6 Analysis of the manufacturing phase

7 Summary and sensitivity analysis

8 Strategic opportunities and implications

Chapter 2: Evaluating and prioritising sustainable vehicle technologies: compliance, competition, conservation and context

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Multiple Perspectives

3 Value

4 SVT Evaluation Process

5 SVT Evaluation Frameworks

6 Conclusion

Chapter 3: A life cycle assessment comparison of rapeseed biodiesel and conventional diesel

1 Abstract

2 Background

3 Introduction to LCA

4 LCA of biodiesel

5 Results and discussion

6 Concluding remarks

Chapter 4: Improving the sustainability of aluminium sheet

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Aluminium materials strategy

3 Aluminium vehicle weight

4 Sustainability – recycling benefits

5 Sustainability – sources of recycled alumnium

6 Sustainability - 5XXX sheet alloy developments

7 Sustainability - brunel university ‘twin roll casting’

8 Sustainability - recycling promotion

9 Conclusions

10 Acknowledgements

Appendix 1

Chapter 5: Advanced phase powertrain design attribute and technology value mapping

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Product development costs

3 Value engineering

4 Consumer driven product

5 What is an attribute and why is it important?

6 The importance of systems engineering in practice

7 Product value - innovation

8 Product architecture

9 Design for six sigma

10 Proposed new methodology framework

11 Conclusion

12 Future development

Acknowledgement

Fuels

Chapter 6: Ammonia as a hydrogen energy carrier and its application to internal combustion engines

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Energy expended in transporting fuel to consumers

3 Energy storage in vehicles

4 Engine combustion

5 Practicality of heavy duty applications

6 Conclusion

Chapter 7: Evolutionary decarbonization of transport: a contiguous roadmap to affordable mobility using sustainable organic fuels for transport

1 Introduction: methanol as a transport fuel

2 Methanol and higher hydrocarbon fuels from fully-sustainable sources

3 Introducing methanol into the transport fuel system by using ternary blends in existing flex-fuel vehicles

4 Experiments into engine load control and efficiency improvements utilizing pure methanol

5 The role of taxation in realizing a carbon-free future

6 A roadmap to a completely fossil-decarbonized future

7 Conclusions

Chapter 8: High pressure grid CNG: the low CO2 option for HGVs

Abstract

1 Executive summary

2 Introduction

3 Cng station design

4 UK GAS GRID

5 Energy used in compression to make cng from different gas grids pressure tiers

6 Total CO2 Impact of compression

7 Energy used for gas drying and link to pressure tiers

8 Well-to-tank emissions of cng compared to diesel and gasoline

9 Tank-to-wheel emissions for cng dual fuel compared to diesel

10 Conclusions

Chapter 9: Materials handling vehicles; an early market sector for hydrogen fuel cells within Europe

Abstract

1 Material handling vehicles

2 Policy approach

3 European material handling projects

4 Conclusions

Acknowledgement

Duty Cycle

Chapter 10: Electric vehicle efficiency mapping

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Description of technology

3 Ev passenger car drive cycle range performance

4 Ev range and efficiency mapping

5 Drive cycle efficiency

6 Charging and battery efficiencies

7 Overall ev efficiency

8 Summary and conclusions

9 Acknowledgements

Chapter 11: Dependence on technology, drivers, roads, and congestion of real-world vehicle fuel consumption

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Covering the corners of vehicle emissions

3 Fuel consumption as the lumped sum

4 Conclusions

Energy Usage Reduction

Chapter 12: The environmental case for bespoke double deck trailers

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Definition of a double-deck trailer

3 The bulk collection, retail delivery trailer

4 Other styles of bespoke double-deck trailer

5 Future development potential

Chapter 13: Aerodynamic drag reduction for low carbon vehicles

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Vista EVX

3 LCVTP

4 Discussion

5 Conclusions

Chapter 14: Vehicle light weighting using a new CAE tool for predicting thin film defects in high strength castings

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Technical challenge

3 CAE Modelling

4 Conclusion

Chapter 15: Vehicle optimisation for regenerative brake energy maximisation

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Simulation environment

3 Verification

4 Parametric studies

5 Conclusion

Propulsion (Energy Efficiency)

Chapter 16: Direct heat recovery from the ICE exhaust gas

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Model Description and Validation

3 Direct Heat Recovery Technologies

4 Simulation over ESC-13

5 Conclusions

Chapter 17: HyBoost – An intelligently electrified optimised downsized gasoline engine concept

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Hyboost Concept

3 Results and Discussion

Acknowledgement

Propulsion

Chapter 18: Development of a range extended electric vehicle demonstrator

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Mahle Range Extender Engine

3 Reev Demonstrator

4 Reev Fuel Consumption Assessment

5 Conclusions

Chapter 19: Modelling and simulation of a fuel cell powered medium duty vehicle platform

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Subject Platform

3 Propulsion Architectures

4 Vehicle Model

5 Drive Cycle

6 Data Analysis

7 Discussion

8 Conclusions

9 Acknowledgements

Chapter 20: Auxiliary power units for range extended electric vehicles

Abstract

1 Introduction

2 Apu Requirements

3 APU Options

4 Engine Technology for APU Application

5 Apu Technology Demonstrator

6 Conclusions

Author Index