Sustainable Design Through Process Integration

Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement

3rd Edition - March 26, 2025
Imprint: Elsevier
Author: Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
Language: English
Paperback ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 6 0 3 9 - 4
eBook ISBN:
9 7 8 - 0 - 4 4 3 - 1 6 0 4 0 - 0

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Sustainable Design through Process Integration: Fundamentals and Applications to Industrial Pollution Prevention, Resource Conservation, and Profitability Enhancement, Third Edition provides authoritative, comprehensive, and easy-to-follow coverage of the fundamental concepts and practical techniques on the use of process integration to maximize the efficiency and sustainability in industrial processes. Sections cover new information on the inclusion of sustainability objectives within different front-end loading stages of design, carbon management and monetization, design of renewable energy systems and integration with existing infrastructure, incorporation of process safety in design, resilience principles and design approaches, modular design, industrial symbiosis, and open-ended mini projects on sustainable design.

Title of Book
Cover image
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Dedication
About the Author
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction to Sustainability, Sustainable Design, and Process Integration
Abstract
1.1 What is Sustainability?
1.2 What is Sustainable Design through Process Integration?
1.3 Process Design Phases
1.4 Motivating Examples on the Generation and Integration of Sustainable-Design Alternatives
1.5 Structure and Learning Outcomes of the Book
References
Chapter 2. Overview of Process Economics
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Cost Types and Estimation
2.3 Depreciation
2.4 Break-Even Analysis
2.5 Time Value of Money
2.6 Profitability Analysis
2.7 Inclusion of Sustainability and Targeting in Profitability Calculations: Sustainability Return on Investment
2.8 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 3. Mass-Integration Benchmarking of New Designs via Stoichiometric Targeting
Abstract
3.1 What is Benchmarking?
3.2 Stoichiometric Targeting
3.3 Stoichiometric-Economic “Stoichio-Nomic” Targeting
3.4 A Shortcut Approach to Using Stoichiometric Targeting for Creating and Screening Initial Designs
3.5 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 4. Process-Improvement Benchmarking of Existing Designs via Mass-Integration Targeting
Abstract
4.1 Scope of Process-Improvement Mass-Integration Targeting
4.2 Process-Improvement Mass-Integration Targeting
4.3 Detailing Mass Integration Strategies for Attaining Process-Improvement Targets
References
Chapter 5. Direct-Recycle Networks: Graphical and Algebraic Targeting Approaches
Abstract
5.1 Problem Statement for the Design of Direct-Recycle Networks
5.2 Selection of Sources, Sinks, and Recycle Routes
5.3 Direct-Recycle Targets through Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram
5.4 Design Rules from the Material-Recycle Pinch Diagram
5.5 Extension to the Case of Impure Fresh
5.6 Insights for Process Modifications
5.7 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Direct Recycle Networks
5.8 Algebraic Targeting Procedure
5.9 Generating Implementation Designs Using the Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Matching Sources and Sinks
5.10 Multicomponent Source-Sink Mapping Diagram
5.11 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 6. Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks
Abstract
6.1 Mass-Exchange Network Synthesis Task
6.2 The Men-Targeting Approach
6.3 The Corresponding Composition Scales
6.4 The Mass-Exchange Pinch Diagram
6.5 Constructing Pinch Diagrams Without Process MSAs
6.6 An Algebraic Approach to Targeting Mass-Exchange Networks
6.7 Construction of the Men Configuration with Minimum Number of Exchangers
6.8 Trading Off Fixed Cost versus Operating Cost
6.9 Problems
References
Chapter 7. Combining Mass-Integration Strategies
Abstract
7.1 Process Representation from a Mass-Integration Species Perspective
7.2 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 8. Heat Integration
Abstract
8.1 Heat-Exchange Network-Synthesis Problem Statement
8.2 Minimum Utility Targets via the Thermal Pinch Diagram
8.3 Minimum Utility Targets Using the Algebraic Cascade Diagram
8.4 Screening of Multiple Utilities Using the Grand Composite Representation
8.5 Stream Matching and the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks
8.6 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 9. Integration of Combined Heat and Power Systems
Abstract
9.1 heat Engines
9.2 Steam Turbines and Power Plants
9.3 Placement of Heat Engines and Integration with Thermal Pinch Analysis
9.4 Heat Pumps
9.5 Closed-Cycle Vapor Compression Heat Pumps Using a Separate Working Fluid (Refrigerant)
9.6 vapor-Compression Heat Pumps and Thermal Pinch Diagram
9.7 Open-Cycle Mechanical Vapor Recompression Using a Process Stream as the Working Fluid
9.8 Absorption Refrigeration Cycles
9.9 Cogeneration Targeting
9.10 Additional Readings
9.11 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 10. Property Integration
Abstract
10.1 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram
10.2 Process Modification Based on Property-Based Pinch Diagram
10.3 Clustering Techniques for Multiple Properties
10.4 Cluster-Based Source-Sink Mapping Diagram for Property-Based Recycle and Interception
10.5 Property-Based Design Rules for Recycle and Interception
10.6 Dealing with Multiplicity of Cluster-To-Property Mapping
10.7 Relationship between Clusters and Mass Fractions
10.8 Additional Readings
10.9 Homework
References
Chapter 11. Overview of Optimization
Abstract
11.1 What Is Mathematical Programming?
11.2 How to Formulate an Optimization Model?
11.3 Using the Software Lingo to Solve Optimization Problems
11.4 Interpreting Dual Prices in the Results of a Lingo Solution
11.5 A Brief Introduction to Sets, Convex Analysis, and Symbols Used in Optimization
11.6 the Use of 0–1 Binary-Integer Variables
11.7 Enumerating Multiple Solutions Using Integer Cuts
11.8 Modeling Disjunctions and Discontinuous Functions with Binary Integer Variables
11.9 Using Set Formulations in LINGO
11.10 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 12. An Optimization Approach to Direct Recycle
Abstract
12.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT
12.2 Problem Representation
12.3 Optimization Formulation
12.4 Additional Readings
12.5 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 13. Synthesis of Mass-Exchange Networks: A Mathematical Programming Approach
Abstract
13.1 Generalization of the Composition Interval Diagram
13.2 Problem Formulation
13.3 Optimization of Outlet Compositions
13.4 Stream Matching and Network Synthesis
13.4 Problems
References
Chapter 14. Synthesis of Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks
Abstract
14.1 Objectives of REAMEN Synthesis
14.2 Corresponding Composition Scales for Reactive Mass Exchange
14.3 Synthesis Approach
14.4 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 15. Mathematical Optimization Techniques for Mass Integration
Abstract
15.1 Problem Statement and Challenges
15.2 Synthesis of MSA-Induced Species Interception Networks
15.3 Developing Strategies for Segregation, Mixing, and Direct Recycle
15.4 Integration of Interception with Segregation, Mixing, and Recycle
15.5 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 16. Mathematical Techniques for the Synthesis of Heat-Exchange Networks
Abstract
16.1 Targeting for Minimum Heating and Cooling Utilities
16.2 Stream Matching and HEN Synthesis
16.3 Handling Scheduling and Flexibility Issues in HEN Synthesis
16.4 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 17. Synthesis of Heat-Integrated Separation Networks
Abstract
17.1 Synthesis of Combined Heat- and Reactive Mass-Exchange Networks
17.2 Synthesis of Heat-Induced Separation Network for Condensation of Volatile Organic Compounds
17.3 homework Problem
References
Chapter 18. Water-Energy Nexus for Thermal Desalination Processes
Abstract
18.1 Characteristics of Seawater
18.2 Single-Effect Evaporators
18.3 Multiple-Effect Evaporators (MEE)/Multi-Effect Distillation (MED)
18.4 Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination Systems
Homework
References
Chapter 19. Design of Membrane-Separation Systems
Abstract
19.1 Classification of Pressure-Driven Membrane Separations
19.2 Reverse Osmosis Systems
19.3 Designing Systems of Multiple Reverse Osmosis Modules
19.4 Thermal Membrane Distillation
19.5 Problems
References
Chapter 20. Macroscopic Approaches of Process Integration
Abstract
20.1 Process Integration as an Enabling Tool in Environmental Impact Assessment
20.2 Process Integration in Life Cycle Analysis
20.3 Material Flow Analysis and Reverse Problem Formulation for Watersheds
20.4 Integrated Supply Chains: Illustration for the Case of Natural/Shale Gas Supply Chains
References
Chapter 21. Industrial Symbiosis
Abstract
21.1 An Optimization Approach to the Design of EIPs
21.2 ATOMIC TARGETING FOR MULTI-SCALE Systems: C-H-O Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYNs) for the Design of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs)
21.3 Homework Problems
References
Chapter 22. Decarbonization Strategies via Process Integration
Abstract
22.1 Energy Integration
22.2 Mass Integration and CO2 Monetization
22.3 Energy Transition
22.4 Water–Energy Nexus
22.5 Homework
References
Chapter 23. Intensification, Safety, and Resilience via Process Integration
Abstract
23.1 Process Intensification
23.2 Process Safety
23.3 Resilience
References
Chapter 24. Concluding Thoughts: Launching Successful Process-Integration Initiatives and Applications
Abstract
24.1 Commercial Applicability
24.2 Pitfalls in Implementing Process Integration
24.3 Starting and Sustaining PI Initiatives and Projects
References
Appendix A. Conversion Relationships for Concentrations and Conversion Factor for Units
A.1 Basic Relationships for Converting Concentrations
A.2 Key Conversion Factors for Different Sets of Units
Appendix B. Modeling of Mass-Exchange Units for Environmental Applications
B.1 What is a Mass Exchanger?
B.2 Equilibrium
B.3 Interphase Mass Transfer
B.4 Types and Sizes of Mass Exchangers
B.5 Minimizing Cost of Mass-Exchange Systems
B.6 Problems
Index

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